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Exploring digital governance is essential for grasping how technology can be employed to enhance public services, boost efficiency, and foster transparency and engagement. This study aims to conduct a systematic review of digital governance research in order to explore its development, emerging research trends, network of leading researchers, countries and institutions that contribute greatly to this field. A bibliometric study was conducted on digital governance works using the following terms: “digital governance,” “E-governance,” “digital government,” and “E-government” as the keywords. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were two tools used for the bibliometric analysis. Results showed that the United States played a dominate role in digital governance studies, followed by China, the United Kingdom, India, and Spain. Brunel University, University at Albany, and University of Johannesburg were the top three research institutes for digital governance. Reddick C.G., Weerakkody V., Dwivedi, Y. K., Mensah, I. K., and Jaeger, P.T. served as the representative researchers in this field. In addition, topics including usability and reliability of digital governance system, quality assurance under the framework of digital governance, the quality of digital service, impact of digital governance on public perception, effects of digital transformation on public value perceptions were the focal points in recent years.

Postoperative pain seriously affects the recovery process of patients, resulting in prolonged hospital stay and increased care costs. Appropriate application of patient-controlled analgesia devices can effectively relieve perioperative acute pain. In 1994 patient-controlled analgesia began to be used in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, and the Acute Pain Service Working Group was established in 2004. With the cooperation of anesthesiologists and specialist nurses, the group jointly has implemented the whole process and standardized management based on patient-controlled analgesia, and constantly improved and innovated working methods, laying a solid foundation for the development of postoperative pain management. This paper systematically reviews and summarizes the work from the aspects of clinical focus, nursing management experience, promotion and dissemination of pain treatment concepts, and development of acute pain service model under the new situation, with the hope of providing valuable reference for comprehensively strengthening pain management in the process of diagnosis and treatment, and enhancing patients' satisfaction with perioperative analgesia services.

Among civilization diseases, the number of individuals suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is expected to increase to more than a billion in less than 20 years, which is associated with, e.g., populational aging, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, genetic predispositions, and immunological factors. T2DM affects many organs and is characterized by insulin resistance, high glucose levels, and adipocyte dysfunction, which are related to senescence. Although this type of cellular aging has beneficial biological functions, it can also act unfavorable since senescent adipocytes resist apoptosis, enhance cytokine secretion, downregulate cell identity genes, and acquire the senescence-associated secretory phenotype that renders a more oxidative environment. Opposing T2DM is possible via a wide variety of senotherapies, including senolytics and senomorphics; nevertheless, further research is advised to expand therapeutic possibilities and benefits. Consequences that ought to be deeply researched include secretory phenotype, chronic inflammation, increasing insulin resistance, as well as impairment of adipogenesis and functioning of adipocyte cells. Herein, despite reviewing T2DM and fat tissue senescence, we summarized the latest adipocyte-related anti-diabetes solutions and suggested further research directions.

Mesenchymal-epithelial plasticity driving cancer progression in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) is undetermined. This work identifies a subgroup of CAFs in human breast cancer exhibiting mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) or epithelial-like profile with high miR-200c expression. MiR-200c overexpression in fibroblasts is sufficient to drive breast cancer aggressiveness. Oxidative stress in the tumor microenvironment induces miR-200c by DNA demethylation. Proteomics, RNA-seq and functional analyses reveal that miR-200c is a novel positive regulator of NFκB-HIF signaling via COMMD1 downregulation and stimulates pro-tumorigenic inflammation and glycolysis. Reprogramming fibroblasts toward MET via miR-200c reduces stemness and induces a senescent phenotype. This pro-tumorigenic profile in CAFs fosters carcinoma cell resistance to apoptosis, proliferation and immunosuppression, leading to primary tumor growth, metastases, and resistance to immuno-chemotherapy. Conversely, miR-200c inhibition in fibroblasts restrains tumor growth with abated oxidative stress and an anti-tumorigenic immune environment. This work determines the mechanisms by which MET in CAFs via miR-200c transcriptional enrichment with DNA demethylation triggered by oxidative stress promotes cancer progression. CAFs undergoing MET trans-differentiation and senescence coordinate heterotypic signaling that may be targeted as an anti-cancer strategy.

Objective To investigate the needs of eight-year program clinical medical students for the organization and contents of clinical oncology courses. Methods From September to November 2020, a questionnaire survey was conducted among eight-year program clinical medicine students in Peking Union Medical College to find out their knowledge base in oncology, teaching mode preference and course contents of interest. Results A total of 122 students participated in the survey, in which 89.3%(109/122) of the students showed interest in basic and clinical research projects related to oncology, 84.4%(103/122) thought it was better to use Simulation-based medical education (SBME), and 91.0%(111/122) hoped to learn throughoff-line discussion. In terms of course contents, eight-year program medical students were more interested in knowledge directly related to clinical context, such as diagnosis, treatment, multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment and evidence-based medicine. In terms of sub-analysis, traditional eight-year students (86%, 92/107) showed a higher acceptance of palliative care than students in the 4+4 reform program(60%, 9/15) and were more willing to act as scriptwriters in SBME(26% vs. 7%, P=0.013). The students in clinical phase gained a better understanding of oncology knowledge through research training and were more inclined to take on the role of scriptwriters in SBME than those in basic phase (27% vs. 11%, P=0.048). Conclusions The eight-year program clinical medical students are interested in the clinical oncology course and prefer study in the form of Simulation-based medical education (SBME).

Two arc welding modes of melt inert gas welding (MIG) and cold metal transition + pulse welding (CMT+P) were used to weld 20 mm thick 7A52 aluminum alloy. The effects of different arc welding modes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints were studied from the aspects of welding defects, grain size and precipitation. The results show that the two welded joints are well formed and have no obvious defects. The weld microstructure is as cast equiaxed dendrite. Strip or block iron rich impurity phases AlFeMn and Mg2Si and Al3Mg2 phase with non coherent relationship with the α(Al) matrix are found in the weld. However, the porosity of MIG welding weld area is 2.73%, while that of CMT+P welding weld area is only 0.64%. At the same time, the weld grain size is small, the width of heat affected zone is narrow and the grain boundary segregation is small in CMT+P mode, so the joint strength in CMT+P mode is higher, with about 289 MPa. The pull-down fracture of the two modes is characterized by ductile fracture with dimples as the main feature.

The violent vibrations generated during switching of low-frequency fast circuit breakers （LFFCBs） can potentially impact their mechanical performance. However， there is currently a lack of assessment methods for evaluating the effects of these vibrations. It is necessary to introduce an approach for vibration characteristic testing and analysis that characterizes the mechanical performance of LFFCBs to improve their operational reliability. To this end， the vibration signal test of LFFCBs during the switching process is carried out， and the time-frequency characteristics of the vibration signal are analyzed based on the improved empirical wavelet transform （EWT） and Hilbert transform. The findings indicate that the EWT with spectrum partitioning being improved can more accurately obtain multiple modal components of the vibration signal during the LFFCB switching. Furthermore， there are significant differences in the distribution characteristics of the energy spectrum at different locations of the vibration signal.

Objective To investigate the incidence of COVID-19 in patients with tumor during the pandemic of Omicron variant strains. Methods From December 25, 2022 to January 25, 2023, through the questionnaire star platform in the form of electronic questionnaire, we collected information about COVID-19 vaccine, COVID-19 infection and clinical symptoms, and post-infection anti-tumor therapy of patients with malignant tumors (including patients who previously visited the oncology department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital and the oncology department of the local hospital where the trainee doctors of the oncology department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital are located) during the survey period (from December 9, 2022 to the time of questionnaire survey) and performed statistical analysis. Results A total of 270 questionnaires were sent out, of which 265 valid questionnaires were recovered (the effective questionnaire rate was 98.1%). Among the 265 patients with malignant tumors, 170(64.2%) patients received COVID-19 vaccine, 158(59.6%) patients were alive with tumor, and 216 patients (81.5%) were receiving antitumor therapy at the time of COVID-19 infection or during the investigation. In 210 cases (79.2%), patients were infected with COVID-19. Among them, 9 cases (4.3%) developed COVID-19 pneumonia and 3 cases (1.4%) were hospitalized due to COVID-19, and there were no severe or fatal cases. Among the infected patients, 205(97.6%) patients showed symptoms related to the COVID-19, among which fever was the most common (72.9%) symptom, and cough (64.8%) and sputum (50.5%) were the main respiratory symptoms. There were no significant differences in gender, age, tumor type, whether they had underlying diseases, whether they were vaccinated against COVID-19, and whether they were treated with anti-tumor therapy between COVID-19 infected and uninfected patients (all P > 0.05). Among the infected patients, the incidence of pneumonia in those who received ≥3 doses of vaccine was significantly lower than that in those who did not receive vaccine (1.1% vs. 9.9%, P=0.025). At the time of questionnaire survey, 88 patients started antitumor therapy after COVID-19 infection. Compared to infection before COVID-19, 12 patients(13.6%) had more serious adverse anti-tumor reactions after COVID-19 infection, 63 patients (72.7%) had similar symptoms, and 12 patients (13.6%) had milder symptoms. There was no significant correlation between the adverse reactions of anti-tumor therapy before and after infection and the timing of initiation of anti-tumor therapy after infection(P=0.938), but there was a certain correlation with anti-tumor therapy after infection(P=0.003). Conclusions During the pandemic period of Omicron variant, tumor patients were generally susceptible to COVID-19. Almost all infected patients showed related clinical symptoms, but very few patients developed pneumonia. Vaccination with≥3 doses of vaccine may be protective against pneumonia. The adverse reactions of anti-tumor therapy in most cancer patients after infection with COVID-19 were not significantly worse than those before infection.

Morus alba L., a common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with a centuries-old medicinal history, owned various medicinal parts like Mori folium, Mori ramulus, Mori cortex and Mori fructus. Different medical parts exhibit distinct modern pharmacological effects. Mori folium exhibited analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic action and lipid-regulation effects. Mori ramulus owned anti-bacterial, anti-asthmatic and diuretic activities. Mori cortex showed counteraction action of pain, inflammatory, bacterial, and platelet aggregation. Mori fructus could decompose fat, lower blood lipids and prevent vascular sclerosis. The main chemical components in Morus alba L. covered flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and amino acids. This article comprehensively analyzed the recent literature related to chemical components and pharmacological actions of M. alba L., summarizing 198 of ingredients and described the modern activities of different extracts and the bioactive constituents in the four parts from M. alba L. These results fully demonstrated the medicinal value of M. alba L., provided valuable references for further comprehensive development, and layed the foundation for the utilization of M. alba L.

Abstract We compared the relationship between sedentary activity (SA) and physical activity (PA) with bone mineral density (BMD) and body fat percentage in the United States and found a negative association between SA and BMD and a positive association with body fat percentage. A positive association between PA and BMD and a negative association with body fat percentage. SA and PA are associated with changes in skeletal parameters and body fat percentage, and we aimed to investigate and compare the relationship between SA, PA and bone mineral density (BMD) and body fat percentage in men and women. We assessed the relationship between SA, PA and BMD and body fat percentage in 9787 Americans aged 20–59 years (mean age 38.28 ± 11.39 years) from NHANES 2011–2018. BMD and body fat percentage were measured by dual-energy X-ray bone densitometry (DXA). We used multiple linear regression models to examine the relationships between SA, PA and lumbar spine BMD and total body fat percentage, adjusted for a large number of confounding factors. After adjusting for race/ethnicity, age, alcohol and smoking behavior, body mass index (BMI), total protein, blood calcium, blood uric acid, cholesterol, blood phosphorus, vitamin D, and blood urea nitrogen, SA was negatively associated with lumbar spine BMD (β = − 0.0011 95% CI − 0.0020 to − 0.0002, P = 0.022), and SA was positively associated with total fat percentage (β = PA was positively associated with lumbar BMD (β = 0.0046 95% CI 0.0010 to 0.0082, P = 0.012) and there was a negative association between PA and body fat percentage (β = − 1.177 95% CI − 1.326 to –1.027, P

Abstract To determine the pattern of intra-articular calcaneal fractures (ICFs) by a three-dimensional (3D) mapping and determine whether there were consistent fracture patterns and comminution zones. In this study, 67 patients with ICFS by CT scan were included. The calcaneal fractures fragments in CT were multiplanar reconstructed and virtual reduced. 3D heat mapping was subsequently created by graphically superimposing all fracture lines onto a standard calcaneal template. The cohort included 26 (38.8%) left calcaneal fractures, 27 (40.30%) right calcaneal fractures, and 14 (20.9%) cases with bilateral fractures. Comminuted fractures accounted for 92.5%. Sagittal 3D mapping shows that the fracture line is mainly concentrated at the critical angle of Gissane and extending rear to the posterior of the tuberosity of the lateral wall and the anterior of the medial process of the calcaneus tuberosity but with more significant variation in the medial wall. The average angle of fracture lines concerning the long calcaneal axis (LCA) was 29.1° and 19.2° in the lateral and medial walls. Axial 3D mapping shows that fracture lines were primarily concentrated in the anterior area to the posterior joint facet and extending along the rear joint facet and calcaneus sulcus to the posteriorly of the tuberosity. The mean angle of fracture lines concerning the LAC was 11° in the axial wall. Our data provided elucidated that ICFs have consistent characteristic fracture patterns and comminution zones. This study provides visual guidelines for understanding fracture morphology, which may assist with fracture classification, preoperative planning, development of fixation concepts.

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to modify and test the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the stressor scale for emergency nurses. Design The methodological design was carried out in two phases: (a) form the Chinese version by Delphi method and (b) test the psychometric properties by cross‐sectional survey. Methods The translated scale was administered to 420 nurses in Qingdao. Validity was assessed in terms of content validity, calibration correlation validity and construct validity using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was estimated using Cronbach α coefficients. Results The Chinese version of the SSEN retains 27 items, four common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, and the factor cumulative variance contribution rate was 78.463%. The fitting indexes of the four‐factor model of CFA were all in the acceptable range[χ2 = 711.30, df = 312, p

The metering accuracy of the voltage transformer is related to the normal operation of the power system, and the metering results can be optimized through the prediction of the error state. In this paper, according to the generation mechanism of the measurement error of the transformer, the maximum information coefficient is used to extract the error characteristic quantity, and the measurement perturbation model is constructed by combining the ambient temperature and the secondary load factor. Due to the specificity of the ambient temperature, a BP neural network is also used to compensate for the temperature of the perturbation model, which prepares for the improved BP neural network based on a genetic algorithm to recognize the error data. Finally, the simulated operation of the three-phase voltage transformer and the measured data of the wiring substation were utilized for validation, respectively. With the help of three-phase CVT simulation, the error change of A-phase simulated CVT amplitude information at the 4001st sampling point is 0.0962%, and the error change of phase information is -4.572′.GA-BP neural network also has high sensitivity to the difficult-to-detect asymptotic error and is able to realize the error calibration of voltage transformer.

Temperature effects have a great influence on the mechanical behavior of cable-stayed bridges, especially for long-span bridges, which have significant time-varying and spatial effects. In this paper, the temperature characteristics of multi-tower cable-stayed bridge are obtained by data acquisition with wireless acquisition module. The test results show that: the daily temperature-time curves of atmospheric temperature and structural temperature are similar to sinewaves with obvious peaks and troughs; structure temperature and atmospheric temperature have obvious hysteresis; longitudinal displacement, transverse displacement and vertical of mid-span beam are negatively correlated with atmospheric temperature; the temperature distribution of the cable tower is not uniform, and the maximum temperature difference of the section is 23.7°C considering 98% of the upper limit value; the longitudinal, transverse and vertical displacement of cable tower and the cable force is negatively correlated with atmospheric temperature, and the relationship between cable force and atmospheric temperature is a cubic function rather than linear function.

ObjectiveTo analyze the mental health status and its influencing factors in middle school students under the regular prevention and control of COVID-19， so as to provide references for the intervention and management of their mental health problems.MethodsFrom March 7 to 21， 2021， a stratified random sampling method was used to select 19 352 students from 17 schools in 3 districts and 9 counties of Linyi City， Shandong Province. Basic data were collected through a self-designed questionnaire. All students completed the Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90） to assess their mental health status. Then the factors affecting the mental health status of middle school students were screened using independent sample t-test， one-way ANOVA test and multiple stepwise regression analysis.Results① A total of 6 350 （32.81%） middle school students were found to have mental health problems. ② Each SCL-90 factor score and total average score yielded statistical difference among middle school students of different genders， relationships with classmate， closeness to friends， concerns about the epidemic， and pressure exerted by schoolwork （P

Global climate change has exacerbated alterations in urban thermal environments, significantly impacting the daily lives and health of city residents. Measuring and understanding urban land surface temperatures (LST) and their influencing factors is important in addressing global climate change and enhancing the well-being of residents. However, due to limitations in data precision and analytical methods, existing studies often overlook the microscale examination closely related to residents’ daily lives, and lack a deep exploration of the spatial heterogeneity of the influencing factors. This leads to these results being ineffective in guiding the planning and construction of cities. Taking Shenzhen as a case study, our study investigates the effects of various microscale build environment characteristics of LST using street view images and machine learning. A convolutional neural network model adopting the SegNet architecture is used to perform semantic segmentation on street view images, extracting features of the microscale urban-built environment. The LST is inverted through the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. By using Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) models, our study reveals the comprehensive impact of the urban-built environment on LST and its significant spatial heterogeneity. The findings indicate that the proportions of sky, roads, and buildings are positively correlated with LST, while trees have a significant cooling effect. Although earth and water can reduce LST, their overall contribution is minimal due to limitations in their area and distribution patterns. This study not only reveals the key factors affecting urban LST at the microscale but also emphasizes the necessity of considering the spatial heterogeneity of these factors’ impacts. This suggests the need for targeted strategies for different areas to effectively improve the urban thermal environment and achieve sustainable urban development.

Recently, National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN) released the latest version of clinical practice guidelines for gastric cancer. In this version, evaluation of peritoneal metastasis using laparoscopy with cytology has been refined. Postoperative chemoradiation is recommended as an alternative option for patients who have received less than a D2 lymph node dissection. The use of three cytotoxic drugs in a regimen should be reserved for medically fit patients with excellent performance status and easy access to frequent toxicity evaluation. More importantly, next generation sequencing (NGS) is recommended for the first time for the detection of microsatellite instability/mismatch repair(MSI/MMR)status. In addition, the recommendation for the detection of MSI/MMR status is extended to all newly diagnosed cases. Several recently developed targeted drugs and immuno-oncology therapy are included in the recommendation for sequential treatment. Precise treatment strategy based on biomarkers will inevitably become the future direction for gastric cancer. This article aims to interpret the updates to provide reference for clinical practice.

Abstract The sustentaculum tali are tightly bound to the talus by the interosseous and deltoid ligament complex and have been considered a ‘‘constant fragment”. Yet there is a dearth of study on the anatomical patterns of the sustentacular segment. Consequently, this study is designated with the purpose of defining the prevalence and displacement of sustentacular fractures in intra-articular calcaneal fractures (ICFs) applying computed tomography (CT) mapping in both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) conditions. From January 2019 to December 2020, the CT images of sixty-seven patients with eighty-one ICFs were retrospectively evaluated, besides, basic patient demographics and mechanisms of injury were documented. And the prevalence of sustentacular fractures was characterized in the sagittal or coronal CT planes. The subluxation, angulation, and translation of the portion of the sustentacular bone were noted. By decreasing rebuilt fracture fragments to suit a model of the sustentaculum tali, a 3D map was generated. Overall, the sustentacular fracture in 21 (25.9%) of the 81 ICFs, 15 (71.4%) were nondisplaced, 6 (28.6%) were displaced, and mean coronal angulation was 21.9°, and no comminuted. The relationship between sustentaculum tali and the talus was anatomically aligned in 71 (87.7%), and subluxation in 10 (12.3%). According to the research, 3D mapping demonstrated that most fracture lines start from the anterior of the sustentaculum tali, extending obliquely to the sulcus of the flexor halluces longus tendon. Moreover, this study provides a detailed description (displacement or articular dislocation) of the frequency of sustentacular fragments in ICFs. The finding disproves the ‘‘constant’’ theory of the sustentacular fragments, due to the fact that comminuted fracture of sustentaculum tali was rare. And the expertise of these fracture patterns may affect the progress of fixation concepts and surgical approaches. Moreover, we further speculated that the displacement of the sustentacular fragment was considerably more probable to emerge in the higher-order Sanders classification. Nevertheless, bigger sample size is required to further validate this position.

Objective To analyze the clinical, imaging and pathological features of patients with epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma(EMC). Methods The data of a patient with primary EMC of the thymus in Peking Union Medical College Hospital was retrospectively analyzed, and the relevant literature was reviewed. Results The patient was a middle-aged male diagnosed with primary EMC of the thymus, and he was the first case currently reported at home and abroad. Even though the patient received comprehensive treatments including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and molecular targeted therapy, he still experienced disease progression, with a survival time of 22 months after surgery. Conclusions Primary EMC of the thymus is extremely rare and has atypical clinical manifestations. The diagnosis mainly depends on histopathological examination. Surgery is currently the major treatment and multidisciplinary treatment is very important to prolong the survival time of EMC patients.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders globally, and treating OA remains a significant challenge. Currently, pharmacological treatments primarily aim to alleviate the OA symptoms associated with inflammation and pain, and no disease-modifying therapies are available to delay OA development and progression. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in OA development and progression, which are a promising target for curing OA. In this study, it was found that photothermal properties of near-infrared (NIR) irradiation enhanced the ROS scavenging activity of molybdenum-based polyoxometalate (POM) nanoclusters. Because of enhanced ROS scavenging, NIR-responsive POM nanoclusters were developed as novel excellent nano-antioxidants for OA protection. The results demonstrated that NIR-responsive POM exhibited outstanding antioxidant activity and superexcellent anti-inflammatory effects, which could effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms of OA mice, diminish inflammatory cytokines, reduce catabolic proteases, and mitigate the progression of OA. Meanwhile, the local treatment had no side effects on normal tissues. Thus, this study pioneered the application of POM for alleviating OA with expected safety and efficiency.

Internal steam leakage in steam turbines from the high-pressure side to the low-pressure side through clearances causes loss, resulting in reduced efficiency and potentially compromising the safe operation of the turbine. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the flow characteristics of leakage through blade tip clearances is crucial to improve the efficiency of steam turbines. In this paper, the last stage blades of the low-pressure cylinder of a certain 600 MW ultra-supercritical steam turbine unit were studied. A wet steam flow model and a turbulence model were established, and the flow characteristics of the last stage under different inlet parameters, outlet parameters, and tip clearance sizes were analyzed. The results showed that an increase in the clearance size affects the inlet and outlet steam angles of the rotor blades, with significant changes occurring near the blade tip. The main flow velocity inside the rotor blade channel fluctuates violently starting from the 70% axial position. The high entropy region is located near the exit flow region of the rotor blade, with its range expanding as the clearance size increases. The entropy change is significant at 60% blade height and above, with more intense changes occurring in the blade tip area. The relative leakage amount and efficiency change uniformly with clearance variation. Generally, for every 0.1% increase in clearance height, the relative leakage amount increases by ∼0.31%–0.42%, and the stage efficiency decreases by 0.34%–0.44%. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis and guidance for improving the flow efficiency of steam turbines.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a heterogeneous lung disease, which is characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms such as cough, expectoration and dyspnea caused by abnormal respiratory tract and/or alveolar abnormalities, resulting in persistent and progressive airflow obstruction. Patients show systemic inflammatory response and impaired lung function. Failure to intervene in a timely and effective manner will directly threaten the life safety of patients. Therefore, in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of COPD and targeted implementation of effective treatment mechanisms are essential for patients to restore health and strive for survival opportunities.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, mainly caused by brain cell aging, impaired autophagy function, and reduction of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide aggregation and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation, as well as memory impairment and cognitive dysfunction, are hallmarks of the disease. Clinical current traditional anti-AD drugs have shortcomings such as ineffective efficacy and large side effects. Therefore, the research of new effective therapeutic drugs has a very broad space for development and value significance. Plant essential oil (EO) has very obvious advantages in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Because of their lipophilicity, small molecular weight, easy to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and rich active ingredients, they have significant effects on regulating AD-related neurotransmitters and hormone release, and regulating the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This article describes the pathogenesis of AD, summarizes recent studies on the anti-Alzheimer’s disease effects and mechanisms of essential oils, and provides a review of therapeutic AD chemical constituents in plant essential oils. The article provides a theoretical basis for research on plant essential oils for alleviating and treating Alzheimer’s disease.

This article discusses the importance of the use of natural preservatives in cosmetics and personal care products, especially in the context of the search for alternatives to chemical preservatives in order to reduce health risks. The article summarizes the effects of different extraction and preparation methods on the yield and purity of natural preservatives and discusses strategies to improve their stability. By carefully classifying and analyzing the inhibition mechanisms of natural preservatives, their value and potential in practice are highlighted. The aim is to provide researchers and industry practitioners with insights into the research and application of natural preservatives and to promote their widespread use in the industry.

Objective To investigate the effect of circular RNA hsa_circ_0001922 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of prostate cancer cell PC-3 and its underlying molecular mechanism. Methods qRT-PCR and RNA FISH were used to detect the expression level and localization of hsa_circ_0001922 in PC-3 cells respectively. After hsa_circ_0001922 was targeted inhibited, clone formation, Transwell assay and scratch assay were used to detect the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of PC-3 cells. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of EMT pathway-related molecules after inhibiting hsa_circ_0001922. Results The expression of circular RNA hsa_circ_0001922 was increased in PC-3 cells (P < 0.01) and it existed in the cytoplasm and nucleus. The invasion, migration and invasion abilities were significantly weakened (P < 0.05) after inhibiting hsa_circ_0001922; the expression of E-cadherin mRNA increased (P < 0.05) while the mRNA level of Vimentin decreased (P < 0.05). The results of Western blot were consistent with the above (both P < 0.05). Conclusion The circular RNA hsa_circ_0001922 may promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of PC-3 cells through the EMT pathway.

Objective To design a safety management system for antitumor drugs, which can intercept or warn the overdose of medical orders from the prescription source, and ensure the safety of clinical application of antitumor drugs. Methods The threshold of interception and warning strategy of 88 kinds of antitumor drugs were developed, and the safety management system of antitumor drugs was established to intercept or warn the overdose orders. The interception and warning data from January 2021 to June 2021 in the safety management system of antitumor drugs were extracted and analyzed. Results A total of 665 medical orders were intercepted or warned by the safety management system of antitumor drugs, and the majority of the intercepted or warned drugs were oral tablets(74.29%). The intercepted orders were 642 (96.54%), and the warned orders were 23(3.46%). Among the intercepted medical orders, frequency error (64.22%) has the highest proportion, followed by route error (11.73%) and dose error (9.92%). A total of 564 medical orders were intercepted, involving 28 kinds of antitumor drugs. Methotrexate tablets ranked first in overdose quantity, with an average of seven times. Pemetrexed ranked first in overdose multiples, with an average overdose of 1000 times. 78 medical orders were intercepted for over pathway, involving 5 kinds of antitumor drugs. Conclusion The safety management system of antitumor drugs can eliminate the error of overdose in prescription and guarantee the safety of antitumor drugs.

The rapid development of new energy sources has brought a certain impact on the original power grid structure, accelerated the wear of unit equipment, and affected the stability, safety, and economy of thermal power unit operation, so it is proposed to add an energy storage system to solve the above problems. To analyze the secondary frequency regulation effect of thermal power units assisted by a flywheel energy storage system, a mathematical model of the control strategy on both sides of the boiler, steam turbine, and flywheel permanent magnet synchronous motor is proposed, and a two-regional power grid model is built through MATLAB/Simulink to simulate the frequency regulation effect of units with or without energy storage participation through step disturbance and continuous disturbance, which are 0.045 and 0.023 p.u. MW. Under step disturbance, the frequency fluctuation of the coupled energy storage system changed by 0.025 228 p.u. Hz, the time for the system to return to a steady state was shortened by 5.85 s, the maximum change of the frequency of the system in Region 2 was reduced by 0.025 579 p.u. Hz, and under continuous disturbance, the fluctuation of the output power of the steam turbine in Region 1 was reduced by 0.022 982 p.u. MW. In summary, under the same disturbance conditions in the outside world, the use of flywheel energy storage to assist the frequency regulation of thermal power units can effectively reduce the frequency fluctuation of the system, reduce the fluctuation of the output power of the steam turbine, reduce the loss of mechanical equipment, and extend the service life of the unit to a certain extent.

Two cases of abnormal acetylene content rise in the oil chromatogram of ultra-high voltage reactors are introduced in this paper. To monitor the internal condition of the reactor in real time and judge the type of defect， a partial discharge critical monitoring device is used for long-term monitoring. Critical monitoring results in case 1 show that there is a partial discharge caused by floating potential and weak insulation defects inside the reactor that lead to the rapid content rise of acetylene. Critical monitoring results in case 2 show that the intermittent partial discharge signal inside the reactor is an external interference signal near the north side of the ultra-high voltage reactors， and there is no obvious internal discharge signal. As to the iron core clamp ground current test， the internal defect type is the high temperature and overheating gas produced by the multi-point grounding of the magnetic circuit， and the chromatogram growth has nothing to do with the partial discharge. It is discovered by disassembly that the equipotential copper tape of the ground screen connected to the clamp on reactor body 1 in case 1 has broken discharge traces and the insulation paperboard is damaged. In case 2， the iron yoke of reactor body 1 and the magnetic shield of the upper body are overlapped， and the contact surface is obviously ablated with no obvious discharge trace inside， which excludes the possibility of internal discharge. The disassembly results are consistent with the analysis conclusions of the partial discharge critical monitoring system， verifying the effectiveness of the partial discharge critical monitoring method in power equipment defect analysis. The method can evade misjudgment due to external signal interference.

Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) P. K. Hsiao (MO) and Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bug. (ME) are two primary sources of the Astragalus herb, also known as “Huangqi” in China, which is widely applied to treat hypertension, glomerulonephritis, ischemic heart disease, and diabetes mellitus. As two different sources of the Astragalus herb, the chemical profiles of MO and ME may be different. Previous studies showed abundant differences in chemical composition between MO and ME. Therefore, the by-products of MO and ME, such as Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) P. K. Hsiao flower (MOF) and Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bug. flower (MEF), may have different phytochemical profiles. In this paper, a metabolomics method combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC−Q−TOF−MS/MS) was employed to analyze the components of MOF and MEF. Consequently, the results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that MOF and MEF could be separated clearly. In total, 31 chemical markers differentiating MOF and MEF were successfully identified, including 22 flavonoids, 8 isoflavones and 1 benzopyran. Among them, the contents of 18 components, including Calycosin, Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, Quercetin, Rutin, Kaempferol, Formononetin, Isomucronulatol and Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin in MEF, were significantly higher than in MOF. In turn, the contents of another 13 components, covering Biochanin A, Tectoridin, Isomucronulatol-7-O-glucoside, Liquiritin, Rhamnetin, etc., were lower in the MEF group than that in the MOF group. It is worth noting that flavonoids, especially flavonoid glycosides, were the primary active chemical ingredients in MOF and MEF. The 18 ingredients in MEF with a higher level carried out diverse activities, like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-tumor activities, which led us to speculate that MEF may have greater pharmacological effects and potential development prospects than MOF. The present results displayed that the contents of ingredients in the two different species of plants were radically different, and there was significant uniqueness to the components of MOF and MEF. Our study not only provides helpful chemical information for further quality assessment and active mechanism research of MOF and MEF but also offers scientific support for the resource utilization of MOF and MEF.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of cancer. With the increasing use of immunotherapy, clinicians have observed that immunotherapy is often related to a spectrum of adverse events. Liver toxicity is one of the most common and severe immune-related adverse events. It is very important to increase awareness and outline a clear and detailed strategy of managing immune-related liver toxicity. Some guidelines have published systematic advice on the management of immune-related liver toxicity. However, there are controversial problems remaining, including the levels of liver toxicity, the minimal effective dosage of hormone, treatments for hormone-refractory patients, and immunotherapy re-challenge. Additional, finding predictors with high specificity and sensitivity is a pressing concern.

The most common cancers of the aerodigestive tract (ADT) are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The tumor stroma plays an important role in ADT cancer development and progression, and contributes to the metabolic heterogeneity of tumors. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant cell type in the tumor stroma of ADT cancers and exert pro-tumorigenic functions. Metabolically, glycolytic CAFs support the energy needs of oxidative (OXPHOS) carcinoma cells. Upregulation of the monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) and downregulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase 3α (IDH3α) are markers of glycolysis in CAFs, and upregulation of the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (TOMM20) are markers of OXPHOS in carcinoma cells. It is unknown if glycolytic metabolism in CAFs is a driver of ADT cancer aggressiveness. In this study, co-cultures in vitro and co-injections in mice of ADT carcinoma cells with fibroblasts were used as experimental models to study the effects of fibroblasts on metabolic compartmentalization, oxidative stress, carcinoma cell proliferation and apoptosis, and overall tumor growth. Glycolytic metabolism in fibroblasts was modulated using the HIF-1α inhibitor BAY 87-2243, the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine, and genetic depletion of MCT4. We found that ADT human tumors express markers of metabolic compartmentalization and that co-culture models of ADT cancers recapitulate human metabolic compartmentalization, have high levels of oxidative stress, and promote carcinoma cell proliferation and survival. In these models, BAY 87-2243 rescues IDH3α expression and NAC reduces MCT4 expression in fibroblasts, and these treatments decrease ADT carcinoma cell proliferation and increase cell death. Genetic depletion of fibroblast MCT4 decreases proliferation and survival of ADT carcinoma cells in co-culture. Moreover, co-injection of ADT carcinoma cells with fibroblasts lacking MCT4 reduces tumor growth and decreases the expression of markers of metabolic compartmentalization in tumors. In conclusion, metabolic compartmentalization with high expression of MCT4 in CAFs drives aggressiveness in ADT cancers.

Abstract In obesity, adipose tissue derived inflammation is associated with unfavorable metabolic consequences. Uremic inflammation is prevalent and contributes to detrimental outcomes. However, the contribution of adipose tissue inflammation in uremia has not been characterized. We studied the contribution of adipose tissue to uremic inflammation in-vitro, in-vivo and in human samples. Exposure to uremic serum resulted in activation of inflammatory pathways including NFκB and HIF1, upregulation of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and catabolism with lipolysis, and lactate production. Also, co-culture of adipocytes with macrophages primed by uremic serum resulted in higher inflammatory cytokine expression than adipocytes exposed only to uremic serum. Adipose tissue of end stage renal disease subjects revealed increased macrophage infiltration compared to controls after BMI stratification. Similarly, mice with kidney disease recapitulated the inflammatory state observed in uremic patients and additionally demonstrated increased peripheral monocytes and inflammatory polarization of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMS). In contrast, adipose tissue in uremic IL-6 knock out mice showed reduced ATMS density compared to uremic wild-type controls. Differences in ATMS density highlight the necessary role of IL-6 in macrophage infiltration in uremia. Uremia promotes changes in adipocytes and macrophages enhancing production of inflammatory cytokines. We demonstrate an interaction between uremic activated macrophages and adipose tissue that augments inflammation in uremia.

This study is to investigate the influence of slurry viscosity on the diffusion and filling of slurry during grouting reinforcement. Firstly, based on the newly developed test device, the diffusion process of three kinds of viscosity slurry in the aquifer of confined aquifer was simulated, and the law of slurry diffusion and filling was summarized. Fluent was adopted to simulate the grouting process. The stress distribution and variation law during the filling process of different viscosity slurries was obtained, the abnormal phenomena appearing in the physical test process was explained, and the elastic modulus of the rock mass after different viscosity slurry transformation by ultrasonic measurement was obtained. The results show that: In the process of high-viscosity slurrygouting, the formation of high-stressed cracks in the region is irregularly developed, and the slurry diffusion is deflected to the right; Under the same stress, the elastic modulus(λ)of the rock block is proportional to the viscosity of the slurry(μe), and the λmax=108.07 % (μe=16.67)in the experiment; The medium viscosity slurry has a good transformation effect, and the area of the non-complete filling area is 23.35 %, and no abnormal phenomenon such as slurry accumulation occurs.

Poloxamer is a thermo-sensitive synthetic polymer that can achieve sol-gel transition with temperature change, but its relative molecular mass is low, and the hydrogel structure is difficult to maintain for a long time. The thermo-sensitive sodium alginate/poloxamer composite hydrogel (SA/P407) was synthesized by mixing poloxamer with sodium alginate. The chemical structures, temperature sensitivity, microscopic morphology, dynamic viscoelasticity and in vitro drug release behaviors of sodium alginate/poloxamer composite hydrogels were investigated by FT-IR, test tube inversion, SEM, rheometer and UV-Vis spectroscopy. In addition, the swelling properties of sodium alginate/poloxamer composite hydrogels were also studied. These results show that the sodium alginate/poloxamer composite hydrogel is thermo-sensitive, and the gelation concentration (mass fraction is 6%) of poloxamer at body temperature can be reduced by adding sodium alginate. By controlling the mass ratio of sodium alginate and poloxamer, the sol-gel transition temperature can be kept between room temperature and body temperature (25-37 ℃), and the gelation time can be shortened to 84 s. The sodium alginate/poloxamer composite hydrogel has a structural feature of high porosity and interconnected pores, and its pore size ranges from 20 μm to 80 μm. With the increase of sodium alginate, the swelling rate of the sodium alginate/poloxamer composite hydrogel is gradually decreased. The sodium alginate/poloxamer composite hydrogel shows sustained release of the anticancer drug gemcitabine, and the drug release time can reach 72 hours. Sodium alginate/poloxamer composite hydrogel has an important application prospect in the field of injectable carriers for sustained drug release.

Carboxymethyl chitosan is an important chitosan derivative with good biocompatibility and degradability, and has a wide range of biomedical applications. In this study, water-soluble carboxymethyl chitosan derivative that can be photo-crosslinked by UV irradiation was synthesized. Methacrylated carboxymethyl chitosan (M-CMCS) was synthesized by N-methacrylation of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). The chemical structures of M-CMCS were characterized by 1H NMR and FT-IR. The M-CMCS hydrogels with different degrees of crosslinking was prepared by UV-triggered photo-crosslinking. The microscopic morphology, mechanical properties, swelling properties, enzymatic degradation properties and in vitro drug release behaviors of M-CMCS hydrogels were investigated by SEM, rheometer, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, respectively. The results show that the degree of methacrylation is gradually increased as the molar ratio of glycidyl methacrylate to carboxymethyl chitosan increases. M-CMCS hydrogels have the structure of high porosity and interconnected pores with the pore size of 1-20 μm. The swelling ratio of M-CMCS hydrogels is decreased as the degree of crosslinking increases. M-CMCS hydrogel can be slowly degraded by lysozyme, and the degradation rate is decreased by increasing the degree of crosslinking. M-CMCS hydrogels show sustained release behavior for anticancer drug gemcitabine, and the drug release can be extended to 4 days. Photo-crosslinked M-CMCS hydrogels show great promise for drug release and tissue engineering.

Juglone (5 - hydroxy - 1, 4 - naphthalene diketone) is a kind of natural naphthoquinone, present in the roots, leaves, nut-hulls, bark and wood of walnut trees. Recent studies have found that Juglone has special significance in the treatment of cancer, which plays a significant role in the resistance of cancer cell proliferation, induction of cancer cell apoptosis, induction of autophagy, anti-angiogenesis and inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion, etc. Additionally, its derivatives also play a tumor suppressive effect. In conclusion, Juglone and its derivatives have been identified as effective anticancer drugs. This paper reviews action mechanisms of Juglone and its derivatives in cancer treatment.

Plants have innate immune systems and protective mechanisms to resist the attack of pathogenic microorganisms. Unlike mammals, they lack mobile defensive cells and therefore rely on autonomous cell events for protection. These cells have a wide range of recognition capabilities for detecting pathogens, thus filling the gap of the adaptive immune system. These protective mechanisms will remain inactive or latent until they are activated after exposure to inducers or application of stimuli. Only after they are affected by pathogens or the same elicitors do they begin to show an active state. The role of oligosaccharides in plant immunity is gradually attracting widespread attention. Therefore, this paper summarizes the functions of oligosaccharides related to plant immunity and provides examples of induced defense events. The recognition of sugar molecules as signal molecules in plants has also been proposed. In this review, we focus on the development andapplication of oligosaccharides in plant immunity and their potential value in agricultural field.

Alterations in muscle structure and function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are associated with poor outcomes. As key organelles in muscle cell homeostasis, mitochondrial metabolism has been studied in the context of muscle dysfunction in CKD. We conducted a study to determine the contribution of oxidative metabolism, glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation to the muscle metabolism in CKD. Mice developed CKD by exposure to adenine in the diet. Muscle of CKD mice showed significant weight loss compared to non-CKD mice, but only extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle showed a decreased number of fibers. There was no difference in the proportion of the various muscle fibers in CKD and non-CKD mice. Muscle of CKD mice had decreased expression of proteins associated with oxidative phosphorylation but increased expression of enzymes and transporters associated with glycolysis. In cell culture, myotubes exposed to uremic serum demonstrated decreased oxygen consumption rates (OCR) when glucose was used as substrate, conserved OCR when fatty acids were used and increased lactate production. In conclusion, mice with adenine-induced CKD developed sarcopenia and with increased glycolytic metabolism but without gross changes in fiber structure. In vitro models of uremic myopathy suggest fatty acid utilization is preserved compared to decreased glucose utilization.