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Fat is one of the most important nutritional components in foods. It not only endows foods with unique flavor and taste and provides the energy needed by the human body, but also has a significant impact on the structure and overall quality of foods. However, excessive intake of fat is not conducive to human health. Therefore, it is hoped that the use of fat mimics to replace fat in food will reduce the harm of excessive intake of fat to the human body while maintaining the original flavor of foods as much as possible. This article reviews the classification of fat replacers and fat mimics and recent research on the role and application of fat mimics in foods, outlines the basis for the classification of fat replacers into fat substitutes and fat mimics, with emphasis on the mechanisms of action, advantages, limitations, roles and applications of single and mixed fat mimics. It also proposes future strategies for the research and development of fat mimics in order to provide a direction for the development of healthy and safe fat mimics.

Gene‐editing technology has become a transformative tool for the precise manipulation of biological genomes and holds great significance in the field of animal disease‐resistant breeding. Mastitis, a prevalent disease in animal husbandry, imposes a substantial economic burden on the global dairy industry. In this study, a regulatory sequence gene editing breeding strategy for the successful creation of a gene‐edited dairy (GED) goats with enhanced mastitis resistance using the ISDra2‐TnpB system and dairy goats as the model animal is proposed. This included the targeted integration of an innate inflammatory regulatory sequence (IRS) into the promoter region of the lysozyme (LYZ) gene. Upon Escherichia Coli (E. coli) mammary gland infection, GED goats exhibited increased LYZ expression, showing robust anti‐mastitis capabilities, mitigating PANoptosis activation, and alleviating blood‐milk‐barrier (BMB) damage. Notably, LYZ is highly expressed only in E. coli infection. This study marks the advent of anti‐mastitis gene‐edited animals with exogenous‐free gene expression and demonstrates the feasibility of the gene‐editing strategy proposed in this study. In addition, it provides a novel gene‐editing blueprint for developing disease‐resistant strains, focusing on disease specificity and biosafety while providing a research basis for the widespread application of the ISDra2‐TnpB system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to achieve the targets of Paris Agreement and carbon neutrality, developing CO2 negative emission technologies such as biomass energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is of great significance. Biomass integrated calcium looping gasification combined cycle (CL-BIGCC) with in situ carbon capture during gasification is an attractive option among various options. In this work, Aspen Plus software was used to establish the thermodynamic model of CL-BIGCC system based on "gasification-combustion" dual reactors and traditional biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIGCC) system with carbon capture. The reliability of both models was first verified, and then, energy analysis and exergy analysis were used to examine the loss of key units and overall performance for the two systems. The results showed that comparing with the BIGCC system, the CL-BIGCC system significantly promoted the overall exergy efficiency. The largest two sources of exergy loss for the CL-BIGCC system were the "gasification-combustion" dual reactors and the gas turbine. Under a typical case with CO2 capture efficiency larger than 90%, the energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, and CO2 specific emission of the CL-BIGCC system were 42.42%, 38.77%, and 58.45 g kWh−1, respectively. Moreover, the effects of key parameters such as gasification temperature, steam to carbon molar ratio, and gas turbine compression ratio on the exergy loss and overall performance of the CL-BIGCC system were discussed. Finally, the calculated results of a typical case of CL-BIGCC system were compared with those of other reported BIGCC systems with carbon capture in literature, which verified the advantages of CL-BIGCC system over other BIGCC systems with negative carbon emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass calcium looping gasification (CLG) for CO2 capture and H2 production is rather attractive but still needs developing low-cost CaO-based sorbent with enhanced mechanical strength, cyclic CO2 absorption reactivity, and multi-cycle gasification performance. In this work, cement-modified carbide slag was developed as a type of cheap CaO sorbent which was prepared by an economical method of wet mixing. Characterization of modified carbide slag revealed that mayenite (Ca12Al14O33) was successfully synthesized which played important role in promoting sintering resistance and mechanical strength of carbide slag sorbent. Cyclic CO2 capture tests with a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) verified that cement-modified carbide slag showed much higher CO2 absorption capacity than natural carbide slag. Modified carbide slag with 15 wt% cement (CS15) presented the best CO2 capture performance in this work, and the CaO conversion approached 58.3% after 15 cycles. Biomass calcium looping gasification tests for H2 production were also conducted in a fluidized bed reactor under different conditions, with special attention to the cyclic gasification performance of CS15. Gasification results proved that adding carbide slag not only apparently increased H2 concentration and H2 yield but also reduce the yield of tar species. Cement-modified carbide slag showed better gasification performance than natural carbide slag. Although increasing gasification temperature was beneficial to promote biomass conversion and H2 yield, too high temperature should be avoided which would inhibit water gas shift reaction, CO2 capture, and result in the conversion of tar species to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Moreover, results of cyclic gasification tests presented great potential to adopt modified carbide slag in fluidized bed calcium looping gasification. After 8 cycles of gasification/regeneration, H2 concentration and H2 yield with CS15 were stabilized at 49.8% and 32.7 mg/gbiomass, which were increased by 11.5% and 17.7% in comparison to those with CS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]