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BackgroundThis research aimed to investigate the tasks performed by Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) prevention and control management teams at primary healthcare (PHC) facilities during COVID-19 pandemic across the mainland China.MethodsAn online survey was performed and COVID-19 prevention and control management teams at PHC facilities were invited to participate in this research. The top 7 most important tasks in the three different periods of COVID-19 containment were selected and ranked. Participations of tasks were surveyed.ResultsA total of 998 valid responses (an effective rate of 99.11%) were collected. The respondents were divided into Group A (≤5 respondents within each PHC facility, n1 = 718) and Group B (> 5 respondents within each PHC facility, n2 = 280). The consensus was selected from top 7 most important tasks including screening at travel centers/intervals and screening at entry centers, at-home/centralized quarantine management, transferring, pre-examination/triage and fever sentinel surveillance clinic/fever clinic. Pre-examination/triage and fever sentinel surveillance clinic/fever clinic works became more significant in the regular prevention and control period. Adjusted analysis found that team members of Group A with a college, undergraduate college and graduate school educational background were less involved in pre-examination/triage works (aOR: 0.28; 95%CI: 0.09-0.86,P = 0.026; aOR: 0.30; 95%CI: 0.10-0.90,P = 0.031; aOR: 0.21; 95%CI: 0.05-0.82,P = 0.024). Those who were over the median age were twice more likely to be engaged in managing fever sentinel surveillance of clinic/fever clinic visitors (aOR: 2.18; 95%CI: 1.16-4.08,P = 0.015). Those being specialized in nursing and other specialties were less likely to participate in fever sentinel surveillance of clinic/fever clinic works (aOR: 0.44; 95%CI: 0.24-0.81,P = 0.009; aOR: 0.30; 95%CI: 0.16-0.58,P < 0.001). Those came from central and western China were less likely to participate in centralized quarantine management (aOR: 0.61; 95%CI: 0.38-0.98,P = 0.042; aOR: 0.64; 95%CI: 0.42-0.97,P = 0.037). Team members came from central and western China were twice less likely to participate in screening at travel centers/intervals (aOR: 1.75; 95%CI: 1.14-2.70,P = 0.011; aOR: 1.63; 95%CI: 1.07-2.48,P = 0.024).ConclusionIn mainland China, team members of COVID-19 prevention and control at PHC facilities are mainly responsible for screening, quarantine, transferring and monitoring during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pre-examination/triage and the fever sentinel surveillance clinic/fever clinic were gradually valued. Team members with lower educational background are competent in pre-examination/triage works, but more experienced general practitioners are more likely to be in charge of fever sentinel surveillance clinic/fever clinics work. The necessity of COVID-19 prevention and control management teams to participate in screening at travel centers/intervals is subjected to further discussions.

This paper analyzes the relationship between the resources restriction, the entrepreneurs' cognition and the dynamic capability, and using the market research and the structural equation model to test them, it is found that entrepreneurs' cognition of three aspects: namely, environmental alertness, enterprise internal cognition and metacognitive ,which have significant positive influence on dynamic capability, the influence of the environmental alertness on the dynamic capability is the largest among them. At the same time, the resources restriction plays a significant role of regulation for the relationship between entrepreneurs' cognition and dynamic capability.

The flow structures around continuous cryogenic Taylor bubbles in the concentric glass tube with different diameters were investigated using particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique under various inclination angles. Optical distortions produced by tube curvature and the refractive index differences between tube and fluid were corrected using ray tracing method. Based on the PIV results, the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method was used to investigate the effect of flow structure on the interaction of Taylor bubbles through the large-scale turbulent structures of POD modes. Four best-fitted curves for Taylor bubble interaction for different inclination angles were represented. A correlation for Taylor bubble formation was developed with the consideration of turbulence suppression, tube inner diameter, fluid properties, inclination angle, etc. The results demonstrate that the minimum stable distance attains the smallest value at . The correlation for Taylor bubble formation shows good agreement with the experimental data both in the present study and from its references.

The 3D flow characteristics in axial fans with circumferential skewed blades were investigated at off-design conditions using Hot-wire test, and the effect of sweep on controlling the aerodynamic limits was discussed. Two circumferential skewed fans, with the blade skew angles at 8.3° forward and backward, respectively, were investigated in this study. The 3D instantaneous velocity components in nearfield, downstream of the fans were measured using Hot-wire Anemometry (CTA) at off-design conditions. From the measured results, the structure of passage flow in circumferential skewed fans is analyzed according to flow rate. The boundary layer flow and its relation with circumferential skewed blades, to expand stall-free operation range of axial fans, were discussed. As flow rate decreases, the 3D flow structure in blade passage is controlled by the circumferential skewed blades, and the obvious suppression of decreasing passage flow near shroud and hub region; the main flow retains at mid blade span; the radial flow can’t be neglected; the forward-skewed blade is found to be effective in controlling low energy flow in the vicinity of shroud and hub to expand stall-free operation range; the effect of skewed blades on boundary layer is discussed by radial equilibrium equation; as the centrifugal force increases, the blade radial force Fr of the circumferential forward-skewed blade has an positive effect on pressure gradient, and seems to be efficient to control the style and velocity of boundary layer movement.

The statistical parameters of Taylor bubbles in cryogenic slug flow along glass tube were studied experimentally for various inclination angles θ (0°–60° from the vertical direction) and four tube inner diameters D (14, 18, 25 and 32 mm) by using high speed digital camera. The distributions and mean values of initial formation position, and the length and velocity of Taylor bubbles along the tube at various inclination angles were obtained. Initial position of Taylor bubbles increases as tube inner diameter increases and the effect of tube diameter on Taylor bubble initial position becomes more obvious at θ ≥ 30°. Taylor bubble length shows an allometric decreasing trend with the increasing of tube inner diameter. The influence of inclination angle and axial position on the length and velocity of Taylor bubble in cryogenic slug flow agrees qualitatively with conventional air–water system. The maximum mean velocity of Taylor bubble occurs at 30° ≤ θ ≤ 45° and the minimum mean length of Taylor bubble occurs at 0° ≤ θ ≤ 20°. The Mean length of Taylor bubble increases along the tube for x/D ≤ 60. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering

An experimental investigation on the properties of the near wake behind the rotor of a Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) was carried out at model scale. Measurements were made with a stationary slanted hot-wire anemometer using the technique of phase-locked averaging. The primary aim is to study the formation and development of the three-dimensional wake. Five axial locations were chosen within four chord lengths of the blades over a range of tip speed ratios. The results show that during the downstream development of the wake, the wake centre traces a helical curve with its rotation direction opposite to that of the rotor. The distribution of mean velocity behind the HAWT rotor reveals an expansion and a decay of the three-dimensional wake. The shapes of the mean velocity distribution are similar along the blades span at the same downstream axial location. It is shown that the turbulence levels in the wake are higher than those in the non-wake region. The circumferential component and the radial component of the turbulence intensity are higher than the axial component. Our study offers some food of thought for better understanding of the physical features of the flow field as well as the performance of HAWT.

This article presents the flow mechanism analysis and experimental study of a forward-skewed impeller and a radial impeller in low pressure axial fan. The forward-skewed blade was obtained by the optimization design of the radial blade and CFD technique. Measurement of the two blades was carried out in aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performance. Compared to the radial blade, the forward-skewed blade has demonstrated the improvements in efficiency, total pressure ratio, Stable Operating Range (SOR) and less aerodynamic noise. Detailed flow measurement and computation were performed for outlet flow field for investigating the responsible flow mechanisms. The results show the forward-skewed blade can cause a spanwise redistribution of flow toward the blade mid-span and reduce tip loading. This results in reduced significantly total pressure loss near hub and shroud endwall region, despite the slight increase of total pressure loss at mid-span.

Objectives: To determine the occurrence rate, outcomes, and the characteristics of severe sepsis in surgical intensive care units in multiple medical centers within China and to assess the cost and resource use of severe sepsis in China. Design and Setting: Prospective, observational study of surgical intensive care unit patients at ten university hospitals in six provinces in China. Patients: All adult admissions in studied intensive care units from December 1, 2004, to November 30, 2005. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: The criteria of severe sepsis were based on the American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference definition. Analysis of data from 3,665 intensive care unit admissions identified 318 (8.68%) cases of severe sepsis, 64.8% of which were men. The median age (interquartile range) of patients with severe sepsis was 64 (47‐74) yrs. Microbes had been isolated from 228 (71.7%) patients, including 171 (53.8%) with Gram-negative bacteria and 146 (45.9%) with Gram-positive bacteria. A total of 90 (22.0%) patients had invasive fungal infection, 20 (6.3%) of which had fungemia. The abdomen was the most common site of infections (72.3%), followed by lung (52.8%). The overall hospital mortality of severe sepsis was 48.7%. Risk factors for hospital mortality included age, chronic comorbidity of malignant neoplasm, Gram-positive bacterial infection, invasive fungal infection, admission Acute Physiology Score, and admission Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score of respiratory dysfunction and cardiovascular dysfunction. The median Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System-28 score was 43 (38‐49). The mean hospital cost was $11,390 per patient and $502 per patient per day. Conclusions: Severe sepsis is a common, expensive, and frequently fatal syndrome in critically ill surgical patients in China. Other than the microbiological patterns, the incidence, mortality, and major characteristics of severe sepsis in Chinese surgical intensive care units are close to those documented in developed countries. (Crit Care Med 2007; 35:2538‐2546)

In this article, the low pressure axial flow fan with circumferential skewed rotor blade, including the radial blade, the forward-skewed blade and the backward-skewed blade, was studied with experimental methods. The aerodynamic performance of the rotors was measured. At the design condition at outlet of the rotors, detailed flow measurements were performed with a five-hole probe and a Hot-Wire Anemometer (HWA). The results show that compared to the radial rotor, the forward-skewed rotor demonstrates a wider Stable Operating Range (SOR), is able to reduce the total pressure loss in the hub region and make main loading of blade accumulating in the mid-span region. There is a wider wake in the upper mid-span region of the forward-skewed rotor. Compared to the radial rotor, in the backward-skewed rotor there is higher total pressure loss near the hub and shroud regions and lower loss in the mid-span region. In addition, the velocity deficit in the wake is lower at mid-span of the backward-skewed rotor than the forward-skewed rotor.

Numerical simulation of three-dimensional flow field and film cooling effectiveness in film-cooled turbine rotor and stationary turbine cascade were carried out by using the k - e turbulence model, and the predictions of the three-dimensional velocities were compared with the measured results by Laser-Doppler Velocimetry (LDV). Results reveal the secondary flow near the blade surface in the wake region behind the jet hole. Compared with the stationary cascade, there are the centrifugal force and Coriolis force existing in the flow field of the turbine rotor, and these forces make the three-dimensional flow field change in the turbine rotor, especially for the radial velocity. The effect of rotation on the flow field and the film cooling effectiveness on the pressure side is more apparent than that on the suction side as is shown in the computational and measured results, and the low film cooling effectiveness appears on the pressure surface of the turbine rotor blade compared with that of the stationary cascade.

To observe the radiotherapy sensitization effect of retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis in patients by sodium glycididazole in recent clinical efficacy and toxicity. A total of 42 patients admitted with metastasis and recurrence of retroperitoneal lymph node from September 2006 to December 2009 were classified with the method of case-control. After three dimensional conformal radiation therapy with or without sodium glycididazole (800 mg/m²) for sensitization, the results of recent clinical efficacy, relief of pain, and Karnofsky score were obtained. Tumor remission rate of patients in sensitization group (with sodium glycididazole) at post-radiotherapy 3 months was significant higher than that in control group (without sodium glycididazole) (52% vs. 24%; P0.05). Oral dose of morphine daily, and Karnofsky score in anterior-posterior radiotherapy of patients in the sensitization group were significant different with those in the control group (93 ± 12 and 42 ± 6 mg vs. 94 ± 12 and 20 ± 5 mg and (65 ± 4) and (90 ± 9) vs. (64 ± 5) and (80 ± 10), respectively; P0.01). Sodium glycididazole has positive radiotherapy sensitization to the metastasis or recurrence of retroperitoneal lymph node for digestive tract cancer, which could obviously improve the life quality or release the pain for patients.

Kinetic analysis was made on the electromagnetic separation of nonmetallic inclusions from hollow cylindrical melt in an alternating electromagnetic field. Effects of various processing parameters such as magnetic flux density B e , imposing time t, particle diameter d p , the nondimensional parameters r 1 /δ and A on the removal efficiency η were analyzed theoretically. It is found that higher removal efficiency can be obtained in the hollow cylindrical melt than in the solid cylinder case under the same conditions. Generally, in order to obtain higher removal efficiency, the value of various parameters should be selected properly in hollow cylindrical melt case. For the inclusion particles with diameter larger than 5 μm, the removal efficiency can exceed 90 pct in the hollow cylindrical case with optimal processing parameters.

The triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), with a particularly poor prognosis, is increasingly recognized as heterogeneous in molecular signatures. MicroRNA expression profiles have been used for the classification and prognostication of breast cancer, numerous significantly upregulated microRNAs, i.e. miR-21, have been verified oncogenic in non-TNBCs. In present study, we determined the miR-21 levels in TNBC specimens, and TNBC cell levels in vitro, and then identified the role of miR-21 on tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and then identified PTEN as the possible target of the microRNA. It was shown that miR-21 expression is upregulated generally, and heterogeneous in TNBC specimens, posing a correlation with poor prognosis for TNBC patients. Further results demonstrated that the upregulated miR-21 promoted the tumor proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis in vitro. And pro-apoptotic PTEN had been shown being targeted and downregulated. Therefore, our finding emphasized the oncogenic role of miR-21 in TNBC.

Background In patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICU), Candida infections are associated with increased morbidity, mortality and costs. However, previous studies reported confused risk factors for catheter-related Candida bloodstream infection (CRCBSI). The objective was to describe the risk factors, microbiology, management and outcomes of CRCBSI in the China-SCAN population. Methods Patients with ≥1 Candida-positive peripheral blood culture were selected from the China-SCAN study. Peripheral and catheter blood samples were collected for Candida isolation. Patients with the same strain of Candida in peripheral and catheter blood samples were considered as being with CRCBSI, while patients with Candida-positive peripheral blood cultures only or different strains were considered as non-CRCBSI. Data were collected from the China-SCAN study. Results CRCBSI incidence in ICU was 0.03% (29/96,060), accounting for 9.86% of all candidemia observed in ICU (29/294). The proportion of CRCBSI due to Candida parapsilosis reached 33.3%, more than that of Candida albicans (28.6%). In univariate analyses, older age (P = 0.028) and lower body weight (P = 0.037) were associated with CRCBSI. Multivariate analysis showed that the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score was independently associated with CRCBSI (odds ratio (OR) = 1.142, 95% confidence interval = 1.049-1.244, P = 0.002). Catheter removal and immune enhancement therapy were often used for CRCBSI treatment. Conclusions In China, CRCBSI was more likely to occur in old patients with low body weight. SOFA score was independently associated with CRCBSI. Candida parapsilosis accounted for a high proportion of CRCBSI, but the difference from non-CRCBSI was not significant. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-014-0594-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

With the advent of knowledge economy, innovation is becoming more and more important, also more and more complicated. Gather the collective wisdom of science and technology innovation team to support and lead economic society, which plays a more and more important role for sustainable development. Then, how to build the science and technology innovation team and make it playing itself maximum energy, which becomes a currently problem for solved. In this paper, introducing the latest theory of leadership – the shared leadership model, through sum up the definition and contents of the shared leadership, explore the new ways of scientific and technological innovation team building.

Central venous pressure (CVP) and intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBVI) were used to assess the fluid status. It has previously been shown that CVP is not as accurate as ITBVI for all the shock patients. We therefore hypothesized that the change of CVP has the ability to predict fluid responsiveness in some clinical cases of shock.From September 1st 2009 to September 1st 2011, sixty-three patients with shock from different Intensive Care Unit (ICU) were collected into this retrospective study. All the patients received fluid challenge strategy (infusing 300 ml hydroxyethyl starch in 20 minutes), were monitored with CVP and pulse-indicated continuous cardiac output (PICCO). The correlation between changes in cardiac index (ΔCI), CVP (ΔCVP) and ITBVI (ΔITBVI) were analyzed. Fluid responsiveness was defined as an increase in CI ≥ 10%. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for ΔCVP and ΔITBVI.For all the patients, there was no correlation between ΔCI and ΔCVP (P = 0.073), but in the subgroup analysis, the correlation between ΔCI and ΔCVP was significant in those younger than 60 years old (P = 0.018) and those with hypovolemic shock (P = 0.001). The difference of areas under the ROC curves of ΔCVP and ΔITBVI were not statistically significant in the group younger than 60 years old or hypovolemic shock group (P0.05, respectively). However, no similar results can be found in the group older than 60 years old and the other two shock type groups from ROC curves of ΔCVP and ΔITBVI.ΔCVP is not suitable for evaluating the volume status of the shock patients with fluid resuscitation regardless of their condition. However, in some ways, ΔCVP have the ability to predict fluid responsiveness in the younger shock patients or in the hypovolemic shock patients.

To investigate the effect of postoperative restrictive fluid management by ensuring adequate tissue perfusion on the recovery of gastrointestinal function after elective colonic resection.Thirty patients suffered with elective colonic resection, after 6 hours of anesthesia recovery, were randomly divided into restrictive fluid management group (restrictive group, n=15) and traditional fluid management group (control group, n=15). From the surgery day to the 4th postoperative day, patients in restrictive group and control group received the total fluids of 25-35 ml×kg(-1)×d(-1) or 40-50 ml×kg(-1)×d(-1) respectively. Fluid balance, tissue perfusion, gastrointestinal function recovery time and the imbalance of fluid and electrolyte were recorded.The total fluid input and net fluid balance in restrictive group were significantly fewer than those in control group (total fluid input: 1782.56±258.38 ml/d vs. 2707.50±294.64 ml/d, net fluid balance: 316.67±202.86 ml/d vs. 623.33±244.38 ml/d, both P0.05), and central venous pressure (CVP) was significantly lower than that in control group (4.03±1.81 mm Hg vs. 6.47±3.09 mm Hg, P0.05). There were no differences in heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) between two groups (HR: 85.03±13.49 bpm vs. 81.44±12.49 bpm, MAP: 80.65±11.39 mm Hg vs. 82.38±8.28 mm Hg, both P0.05). The lactate clearance rate of the first postoperative 24 hours in restrictive group was higher than that in control group [35 (17, 53)% vs. 17 (-6, 33)%, P0.05]. The times of bowel sounds recovery, the first flatus and stool passed in restrictive group were shorter than those in control group (bowel sounds: 37.43±24.97 hours vs. 46.36±19.34 hours, flatus: 53.63±12.78 hours vs. 75.43±20.07 hours, stool: 78.73±46.48 hours vs. 93.40±41.08 hours, all P0.05). Vomiting was reduced in the restrictive group compared with control group (2 vs. 7, P0.05). There were no differences in the occurrences of electrolyte imbalance (5 vs. 3), fluid insufficient (2 vs. 0) and fluid overload (0 vs. 1) between the two groups.The postoperative restrictive fluid management by ensuring tissue perfusion can shorten the gastrointestinal function recovery time after elective colonic resection, and may not increase the incidence of water and electrolyte disorders.

The sprung up of reverse logistics, makes the third-party logistics providers facing new opportunities and challenges, how to create greater customer value to increase the competitiveness of enterprises get more attention. Based on customer value theory, the research built a new theoretical model. By questionnaire 147 third-party logistics companies, with the help of software SPSS17.0 and AMOS7.0, using factor analysis and path analysis, the research obtained the conclusion that there is a significant positive correlation between third-party logistics provider owning reverse logistics customer orientation and customer firm logistics improvement. The study discussed the application of the research in theory and practice in the end. It provides a new way of thinking for the expansion study of third-party logistics, and also figures out the development direction of three-party logistics provider.

Under the supply chain management environment, the appropriate supplier selection has an important meaning to supply chainpsilas overall competitive ability. A system of evaluation indices for supplier selection is put forward bases on manufacturing enterprises, and a multilevels model combines entropy weight and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is constructed. Because the improved method--entropy weight is adopted in the model, the subjectivity in ascertaining factorspsila weights in lower hierarchy can be avoided. Through the using of the improved model in supplier selection in one of the manufacturing enterprise, carries on an example analysis with it to get the order preference of suppliers and ascertain the most excellent and ideal supplier for the enterprise.

To investigate the protective effect of stimulation of vagus nerve on acute lung injury in rat with sepsis.Sepsis was reproduced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Forty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (each n=10): SHAM group received performed sham surgery. In CLP group, CLP was performed. In vagotomy (VGX) group, rats were subjected to bilateral cervical VGX following CLP. In vagus stimulation (STM) group, rats were subjected to bilateral cervical VGX after CLP and the efferent end of the left vagus nerve was stimulated with electric current. The animals were sacrificed at 18 hours after production. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) level in blood was detected, arterial blood lactic acid concentration,pH, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2), base excess (BE) and lung wet/drying (W/D) ratio were determined. The histopathology and ultra-microstructure of the lung were observed.The TNF-alpha and lactic acid concentrations, PaCO2 and W/D ratio were all increased, and pH, PaO2, BE all lowered in CLP group and VGX group compared with those of SHAM group (P0.05 or P0.01). Compared with CLP group, TNF-alpha, lactic acid concentration,PaCO2,W/D ratio in STM group were decreased obviously, and pH, PaO2 and BE were all increased (P0.05 or P0.01). The lung tissue pathology and ultra-microstructure changes indicated that lung injury was severe in CLP group than in SHAM group and was ameliorated in STM group compared with that of CLP group and VGX group.The results suggest that direct electrical stimulation of the efferent end of vagus nerve can protect lung against injury induced by sepsis in rat.

Thread-level speculation is a technique that brings thread-level parallelism beyond the data-flow limit by executing a piece of code ahead of time speculatively before all its input data are ready. This technique appears particularly appealing for speeding up hard-to-parallelize applications. Although various thread-level speculation architectures and compilation techniques have been proposed by the research community, scalar applications remain difficult to be parallelized. It has not yet shown how well these applications can actually be benefited from thread-level speculation and if the performance gain is significant enough to justify the required hardware support. In an attempt to understand and realize the potential gain with thread-level speculation especially for scalar applications, we proposed an SPT (speculative parallel threading) architecture and developed an SPT compiler to generate optimal speculatively parallelized code. Our evaluation showed that with our SPT approach 10 SPECint2000 programs can achieve an average of 15.6% speedup on a two-core SPT processor by exploiting only loop parallelism. This paper describes the SPT architecture and the SPT compiler which performs aggressive cost-driven loop selection and transformation, and presents our performance evaluation results.

To investigate the effect of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway on hemodynamics in hemorrhaged rats.Hemorrhagic shock was induced by modified Wiggers method until mean arterial pressure (MAP) was stabilized within the range of 35 to 40 mm Hg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham group, hemorrhagic shock (Hem) group, vagotomy (VGX) group, vagus stimulation (STM) group, cholinergic inhibitor (THA) group and N receptor inhibitor (alpha-BGT) group. The distal end of the left vagus nerve trunk was placed on bipolar platinum electrode connected to a stimulation module and controlled by an acquisition system. Stimuli with constant voltage (5 V, 2 ms, 1 Hz) were applied to nerve for 12 minutes, starting 5 minutes after MAP stabilized at a level of 35 to 40 mmHg. Before stimulation a blood pressure transducer was implanted in the common carotid artery for continuous registration of MAP. Blood samples and liver samples were collected from animals of all groups after stimulation. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and liver nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-KappaB) were determined.MAP was markedly lowered at the end of bleeding, and the levels of serum TNF-alpha and liver NF-KappaB markedly increased 45 minutes after the bleeding was discontinued. Bilateral cervical vagotomy did not significantly modify the changes in serum TNF-alpha, but slightly increased liver NF-KappaB activation. Application of constant electric current to the distal end of the vagus trunk significantly reduced serum TNF-alpha and blunted liver NF-KappaB activation. Tetrahydroamino-acridine (THA,1.5 mg/kg, intravenous drip administration after bilateral cervical vagotomy reversed hypotension and attenuated serum TNF-alpha and liver NF-KappaB amounts, but alpha-bungarotoxin (1.0 microg/kg intravenous drip) pretreatment reverted the inhibitory effects of vagal stimulation.The result suggest that direct electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve and its transmitter can significantly attenuate peak serum TNF-alpha amounts, inhibit the expression of liver NF-KappaB, and prevent the development of hypotension, thus it might produce a potential protective effect on hemorrhaged rats through acetylcholine (Ach) binds NAch receptor alpha 7 subunit which exists in the macrophage.

Software value prediction (SVP) is an effective and powerful compilation technique helping to expose thread-level speculative parallelism. With the help of value analysis and profiling, the compiler identifies critical and predictable variable values and generates speculatively parallelized programs with appropriate value prediction and misprediction recovery code. In this paper, we examine this technique in detail, describe a complete and versatile SVP framework and its detailed implementation in a thread-level speculative parallelization compiler, and present our evaluation results with Spec2000Int benchmarks. Our results not only confirm quantitatively that value prediction is essential to thread-level speculative parallelism; they also show that the corresponding value prediction can be achieved efficiently and effectively by software. We also present evaluation results of the overhead associated with software value prediction and the importance of different value predictors in speculative parallel loops in Spec2000Int benchmarks.

To investigate the effects and the mechanism of ketamine on hemodynamics and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels of plasma in septic shock rats.Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was used to reproduce septic shock model. Twenty healthy and male Sprague-Dawlay (SD) rats weighing (225+/-25) g were randomly divided into four equal groups: Sham CLP group, CLP group, ketamine I (KT I) and ketamine II (KT II) group. Thirty minutes before CLP, normal saline (0.9 %) was infused continuously at a rate of 5 ml.kg(-1).h(-1) through the left femoral vein cannula in sham CLP and CLP group, and ketamine (5 mg.kg(-1).h(-1) and 10 mg.kg(-1).h(-1), respectively) was infused continuously in KT I or KT II group. The right femoral artery was cannulated to monitor mean arterial pressure. The plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).CLP produced progressive hypotension, and a large increase in the plasma TNF-alpha and IL-6 concentrations. The hemodynamic responses were reversed and the cytokine responses were suppressed in ketamine treated animals.Ketamine administration has protective effect against septic shock in CLP rats.

The emerging hardware support for thread-level speculation opens new opportunities to parallelize sequential programs beyond the traditional limits. By speculating that many data dependences are unlikely during runtime, consecutive iterations of a sequential loop can be executed speculatively in parallel. Runtime parallelism is obtained when the speculation is correct. To take full advantage of this new execution model, a program needs to be programmed or compiled in such a way that it exhibits high degree of speculative thread-level parallelism. We propose a comprehensive cost-driven compilation framework to perform speculative parallelization. Based on a misspeculation cost model, the compiler aggressively transforms loops into optimal speculative parallel loops and selects only those loops whose speculative parallel execution is likely to improve program performance. The framework also supports and uses enabling techniques such as loop unrolling, software value prediction and dependence profiling to expose more speculative parallelism. The proposed framework was implemented on the ORC compiler. Our evaluation showed that the cost-driven speculative parallelization was effective. Our compiler was able to generate good speculative parallel loops in ten Spec2000Int benchmarks, which currently achieve an average 8% speedup. We anticipate an average 15.6% speedup when all enabling techniques are in place.