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• Two new 3D Zn(II)/Co(II) CPs of sebacic acid and bbimb ligands are discribed. • CPs 1 and 2 display as 5-fold interpenetrating dia topology. • Both CPs exhibit selective sensing toward tryptophan and norfloxacin via turn-on and red shift effects. Two three-dimensional (3D) coordination polymers (CPs), namely {[M(seb)(bbimb)]·3H 2 O} n (M = Zn for 1 ; Co for 2), were obtained via hydrothermal method using sebacic acid (H 2 seb) mixed with 1,4-bis(benzoimidazol-1-yl)butane (bbimb). The structures of 1 and 2 both display as 3D frameworks with a 5-fold interpenetrating dia topology. CPs 1 and 2 both exhibit excellent luminescent properties and good water stability. Fluorescence sensing experiments demonstrate that 1 and 2 both can selectively detect tryptophan (Trp) and norfloxacin (Nor) in aqueous solution through turn-on and red-shift effect with remarkable anti-interference ability and low detection limits. The limits of detection (LOD) toward Trp-and Nor are 0.07 μ M, 0.08 μ M for 1 and 0.41 μ M, 0.11 μ M for 2. In addition, theoretical calculations and different detection methods were utilized to thoroughly investigate the potential sensing mechanisms for Trp-and Nor. Importantly, 1 and 2 represent two rare examples for sensing both Trp-and Nor via turn-on and red-shift effects. The fluoresence test films of 1 and 2 were prepared which can detect Trp-and Nor quickly with naked eye. [Display omitted] Two new 3D Zn(II)/Co(II) CPs of sebacic acid and bbimb ligands are discribed. CPs 1 and 2 display as 5-fold interpenetrating dia topology. Both CPs were confirmed to be luminescent sensors for detection of tryptophan (Trp) and norfloxacin (Nor) in aqueous solution through turn-on and red shift effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two new 3D Cd(II)/Co(II) MOFs based on binuclear clusters are described. • MOFs 1 and 2 display as 6-connected mab and bsn networks. • Both MOFs exhibit selective sensing toward Fe3+, Cr 2 O 7 2− and nitrobenzene. Two novel three-dimensional (3D) Cd(II)/Co(II) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [Cd 2 (seb) 2 (bbmb)(H 2 O) 2 ] n (1) and {[C o 2 (seb) 2 (bbmb) 2 (H 2 O)]·0·5H 2 O} n (2), were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions based on sebacic acid (H 2 seb) and 4,4′-Bis(benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl) biphenyl (bbmb) ligands. Their crystal structures were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. MOFs 1 and 2 both show a 3D framework based on binuclear Cd 2 or Co 2 clusters, respectively. In 1, the Cd 2 clusters are linked by seb2- into a 2D corrugated layer. These layers are further connected by bbmb to generate a 3D structure with 6-connected (44·610·8) mab topology. In 2, the Co 2 clusters form a 1D chain through the bbmb ligands, the chains are linked by seb2− into a 3D framework with 6-connected (48·54·63) bsn topology. Fluorescence sensing experiments show that 1 and 2 have good ability for detection of Fe3+, Cr 2 O 7 2− and nitrobenzene (NB) with low detection limits as 5.83 μ M, 1.36 μ M and 2.70 × 10−7M for 1 and 6.19 μ M, 1.40 μ M and 2.90 × 10−7M for 2, respectively. Furthermore, the sensing mechanism was also investigated in detail by various detection means and theoretical calculations. Two new 3D Cd(II)/Co(II) MOFs of 4,4′-Bis(benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl) biphenyl and sebacic acid are described. MOFs 1 and 2 display as rarely reported 6-connected mab and bsn topologies based on the binuclear units. Both MOFs were confirmed to be luminescent sensors for Fe3+, Cr 2 O 7 2− and nitrobenzene. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two new 3D Cd(II)/Co(II) MOFs based on binuclear clusters are described. • MOFs 1 and 2 display as 6-connected mab and bsn networks. • Both MOFs exhibit selective sensing toward Fe3+, Cr 2 O 7 2− and nitrobenzene. Two novel three-dimensional (3D) Cd(II)/Co(II) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [Cd 2 (seb) 2 (bbmb)(H 2 O) 2 ] n (1) and {[C o 2 (seb) 2 (bbmb) 2 (H 2 O)]·0·5H 2 O} n (2), were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions based on sebacic acid (H 2 seb) and 4,4′-Bis(benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl) biphenyl (bbmb) ligands. Their crystal structures were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. MOFs 1 and 2 both show a 3D framework based on binuclear Cd 2 or Co 2 clusters, respectively. In 1, the Cd 2 clusters are linked by seb2- into a 2D corrugated layer. These layers are further connected by bbmb to generate a 3D structure with 6-connected (44·610·8) mab topology. In 2, the Co 2 clusters form a 1D chain through the bbmb ligands, the chains are linked by seb2− into a 3D framework with 6-connected (48·54·63) bsn topology. Fluorescence sensing experiments show that 1 and 2 have good ability for detection of Fe3+, Cr 2 O 7 2− and nitrobenzene (NB) with low detection limits as 5.83 μ M, 1.36 μ M and 2.70 × 10−7M for 1 and 6.19 μ M, 1.40 μ M and 2.90 × 10−7M for 2, respectively. Furthermore, the sensing mechanism was also investigated in detail by various detection means and theoretical calculations. Two new 3D Cd(II)/Co(II) MOFs of 4,4′-Bis(benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl) biphenyl and sebacic acid are described. MOFs 1 and 2 display as rarely reported 6-connected mab and bsn topologies based on the binuclear units. Both MOFs were confirmed to be luminescent sensors for Fe3+, Cr 2 O 7 2− and nitrobenzene. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Detailed observations reveal three successive generations of sphalerite. • Mineralization is induced by magmatic fluid recharge and mixing of meteoric water. • The GDC deposit belongs to an intermediate-sufidation epithermal mineralization. • Potential of porphyry mineralization is worth expecting in GDC area. The Gongdongchong (GDC) lead and zinc deposit is located in the North Huaiyang (NHY) metallogenic belt, northern part of the Dabie orogen. Its Pb-Zn orebodies are predominately in the breccia pipe hosted by the Early Paleozic Foziling Group. Three stages of mineralization could be divided according to replacement relationships and petrography, and the ore and gangue mineral assemblages at the main base metal stage were recognized as combination of Fe-poor sphalerite + galena + pyrite + chalcopyrite + tetrahedrite with quartz and calcite. Three successive generations of sphalerite were distinguished through detailed petrographic observation on crystal-scale, namely Sp c (core), Sp m (mantle), and Sp r (rim). Fluid inclusion petrography result shows that two-phase liquid-rich fluid inclusions are the dominant type in sphalerite. Microthermometric results show the homogenization temperatures and salinities of Sp c ranged from 233 °C to 268 °C and 6.6 to 10.4 wt% NaCl equiv. While fluid inclusions in the Sp m display homogenization temperatures of 241 °C to 284 °C, with salinities of 8.7 to 11.3 wt% NaCl equiv. This increasing trend may imply a magmatic fluid recharging from core to mantle. However, fluid inclusions in the Sp r have homogenization temperatures of 231–254 °C, with salinities of 6.3–9.1 wt% NaCl equiv. A trend of mixing with meteoric water is manifested by the decrease of temperatures with decreasing salinities from mantle to rim. It suggests the combination of the magmatic fluid recharging and mixing of meteoric water should be the key mechanism responsible for the sphalerite precipitation at the GDC deposit. Meanwhile, the GDC deposit shows a similar range of homogenization temperatures and salinities with typical intermediate-sulfidation epithermal deposits, and these homogenization temperatures also correspond well with the geological thermometer results acquired by trace element concentrations of sphalerite. In addition, the sphalerite geochemical results obtained from trace elements as Mn, Co, In and Ge illustrate that the GDC Pb-Zn deposit shares a good consistence with epithermal Pb-Zn deposit. Based on the evidences presented above, combined with the geological and geochemical features, the GDC deposit can be classified as an intermediate-sulfidation epithermal deposit. Intermediate-sulfidation epithermal deposits usually share spatial and genetic relationships with porphyry deposits. This may provide new implication for the mineral exploration of porphyry deposits at depth in the NHY metallogenic belt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many existed quantum private comparison (QPC) protocols can determine whether two secrets are equal or not, while the quantum private magnitude comparison (QPMC) protocol by Lang can output three results: greater than, equal and less than for two private data. In order to implement the magnitude comparison, it defined the minimum operation. However, if we only rely on this operation to implement QPMC, it may not be efficient at cooperating with some quantum resources. For this reason, it is necessary for us to introduce another operation—maximum one. With regard to some quantum resources, only by using the maximum operation are we able to realize a simple and efficient QPMC. In this paper, it is the maximum operation that helps us utilize a single Bell state to propose a QPMC protocol in an easy and efficient way. The protocol is fully analysed for its correctness and security. The analyses prove that the presented protocol is not only simple yet efficient but also of low costs. It would be a better alternative for QPMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new 3D Cd(II) MOF based on tetracarboxylic acid and tris-benzimidazole ligands was reported. The Cd(II) MOF shows a 4-connected mog -net structure and exhibits selective sensing toward Fe3+ and Cr 2 O 7 2− in water. [Display omitted] • A Cd(II) MOF of tetracarboxylic acid and tris-benzimidazole ligands is described. • MOF 1 shows a 3D 4-connected mog -net. • MOF 1 exhibits selective sensing toward Fe3+ and Cr 2 O 7 2−. A tris-benzimidazole ligand, 1,3,5-tris(benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene (tbimb), and 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid (H 4 bptc) were selected as organic ligands to construct a new Cd(II) MOF under hydrothermal condition, [Cd(bptc) 0.5 (tbimb)(H 2 O)]·H 2 O (1). In the crystal structure of 1 , the Cd(II) centers were connected by bptc4− and tbimb ligands to generate a 3D framework, which shows a 4-connected mog -net with point symbol of (4·64·8) 2 (42·62·82). UV–Vis spectrum of 1 shows two bands at 236 and 304 nm. Thermogravimetric and powder X-ray diffraction analyses indicate MOF 1 has good stability. The solid state photoluminescence of 1 shows the emission peak at 358 nm when it was excited at 291 nm. Furthermore, the luminescent quenching experiments suggest MOF 1 exhibits good selectivity and sensitivity to detect Fe3+ and Cr 2 O 7 2− in water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Z-scheme Ag 3 PO 4 /Ag/MoO 3-x photocatalyst was prepared by deposition of Ag and Ag 3 PO 4 nanoparticles on the surface of MoO 3-x nanosheets. With Ag mediation between Ag 3 PO 4 and MoO 3-x , there is efficient separation and utilization of photogenerated charge carriers. Owing to the rich presence of oxygen vacancies on the surface of MoO 3-x , oxygen adsorption on the surface is enhanced. The as-prepared Ag 3 PO 4 /Ag/MoO 3-x Z-scheme system shows outstanding photocatalytic activity and stability for the degradation of dyes (rhodamine B, methylene blue, as well as their mixture) and ciprofloxacin under visible light irradiation, displaying degradation rate that is 15.9, 3.4, 14.9 and 3.0 times that of MoO 3-x , Ag 3 PO 4 , Ag/MoO 3-x and Ag 3 PO 4 /MoO 3-x , respectively. According to the results of trapping experiments, ·OH and ·O 2 − are the main active species, and a possible reaction mechanism has been proposed. Image 1 • Ag 3 PO 4 /Ag/MoO 3-x ternary Z-scheme system with tight interfaces was obtained. • The Z-scheme structure is beneficial for the separation of charge carriers. • The Ag 3 PO 4 /Ag/MoO 3-x shows enhanced activity for dyes and ciprofloxacin degradation. • Presence of O-vacancy on the surface of MoO 3-x is benefit for photocatalytic process. • Holes and ·O 2 − are the main active species for organic degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• LA–ICP–MS analysisof fluid inclusions indicates a common magmatic–hydrothermal fluid source. • Halite bearing fluid inclusions in deep level of quartz veins contain significant amounts of Pb, Zn, and Cu. • Result of fluid inclusion mapping agrees well with the fluid evolution trend obtained through fluid inclusion LA–ICP–MS analysis. The Xianhualing District at Jinzhai in the northern Dabie Orogen, China, is a significant area for Pb–Zn–Cu–Au polymetallic exploration. The main rocks in the area are mica–quartz schist of the Neoproterozoic Foziling Group, and magmatic rocks which are controlled by two sets of faults striking NNE and NW. Recent drilling has revealed that the orebody occurs mainly in mica–quartz schist in the form of breccia and veinlets. Major ore minerals include pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, magnetite, gold, silver, and silver sulfosalts, with alteration assemblages of predominantly quartz, sericite, calcite, and chlorite. Three types of fluid inclusions occur in quartz–sulfide vein samples collected from eight drill-holes: two-phase liquid-rich inclusions (type I), two-phase vapor-rich inclusions (type Ⅱ), and halite-bearing inclusions (type III). Microthermometric studies of type I and Ⅱ fluid inclusions indicate homogenization temperatures of 161–378 °C and salinities of 0.5–7.8 wt% NaCl equivalent. Fluid inclusion microthermometric data and mineralization and alteration characteristics indicate an intermediate-sulfidation epithermal environment. Current exploration is focused on the location of potential deep porphyry mineralization associated with epithermal mineralization. In this study, 28 drill-core samples from different levels were selected for fluid inclusion microthermometry to elucidate fluid-evolution pathways and hence to determine the likelihood of porphyry bodies. The consistent fluid inclusion petrography, distribution patterns, and fluid-evolution trends indicate that the deeper part of the Dongchong area may have been the regional thermal center of fluid flow. The estimated mineralization depths of type III fluid inclusions are in the range 0.4–1.5 km, indicating a relatively shallow formation. Fluid chemical compositions obtained from single-inclusion laser-ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) analyses support the occurrence of a single magmatic–hydrothermal fluid source, which has a degree of mixing with meteoric water and a small amount of basinal brines during the migration path, and the fluid evolution pattern agrees well with the fluid inclusion mapping result. Quartz-vein hosted fluid inclusions contain significant amounts of Pb, Zn, and Cu, indicating good exploration prospects for porphyry Cu mineralization at depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two Cd(II) MOFs based on the 1,4-bis[(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-methyl]benzene (1,4-mbix) and succinate (Suc2−) or azelate (Aze2−) ligands have been hydrothermally synthesized, namely, {[Cd2(Suc)2(1,4-mbix)2]·5H2O}n (1) and [Cd(Aze)(1,4-mbix)]n (2). Both MOFs were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In MOF 1, the Cd(II) centers are connected by Suc2− and 1,4-mbix to generate a two-dimensional (2D) sql layer with (H2O)5 water cluster. Each 2D layer is further interlocked with two adjacent layers to form a 2D + 2D → 3D parallel polycatenated structure. In MOF 2, when the Suc2− was placed by Aze2−, the Cd(II) centers are connected by Aze2− and 1,4-mbix into a 2D sql layer but without any water molecules. And two 2D sql layers interpenetrate with each other to generate a twofold 2D + 2D → 2D sheet. MOFs 1 and 2 display photoluminescence at 343 nm (λex = 288 nm) and 298 nm (λex = 271 nm), respectively. Luminescent quenching experiments show that 1 and 2 have good ability for detection of Fe3+ in deionized water with low detection limits as 0.58 μM for 1 and 0.54 μM for 2, respectively. Two MOFs also can serve as luminescent sensors for Fe3+ in real tap water and river water. The luminescent quenching of 1 and 2 toward Fe3+ can be attributed to the competition among the absorption of Fe3+ with the excitation and emission of two MOFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new 3D Co(II) MOFs based on 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate and bis(benzimidazole) ligands are reported. The two MOFs show the dia and pcu nets, respectively, and they both exhibit selective sensing toward Fe3+ and Cr 2 O 7 2− in water. [Display omitted] Two novel three dimensional (3D) Co(II) MOFs, namely, {[Co(bbimb) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ]·(1,5-NDS)} n (1) and [Co(1,2-bbix) 2 (1,5-NDS)] n (2), have been hydrothermally prepared (1,5-NDS = 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate, bbimb = 1,4-bis(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)butane, 1,2-bbix = 1,2-bis(benzimidazol-1-yl-methyl)benzene). MOFs 1 and 2 were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR and UV–Vis spectra, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). In MOF 1 , the Co(II) centers are linked by bbimb ligands to form a 4-connected dia network with the uncoordinated 1,5-NDS2− as counter ions. In MOF 2, when used 1,2-bbix instead of bbimb, the 1,5-NDS2− coordinate to the Co(II) centers and link the centers with 1,2-bbix ligands into a 6-connected pcu network. MOF 1 and 2 dispay photoluminescence at 425 nm (λ ex = 357 nm) and 418 nm (λ ex = 350 nm), respectively. The luminescence sensing experiments show that two MOFs both have good selective sensing for Fe3+ and Cr 2 O 7 2− in aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Non-primary radiation doses to normal tissues from proton therapy may be associated with an increased risk of secondary malignancies, particularly in long-term survivors. Thus, a systematic method to evaluate if the dose level of non-primary radiation meets the IEC standard requirements is needed. Approach. Different from the traditional photon radiation therapy system, proton therapy systems are composed of several subsystems in a thick bunker. These subsystems are all possible sources of non-primary radiation threatening the patient. As a case study, 7 sources in the P-Cure synchrotron-based proton therapy system are modeled in Monte Carlo (MC) code: tandem injector, injection, synchrotron ring, extraction, beam transport line, scanning nozzle and concrete reflection/scattering. To accurately evaluate the synchrotron beam loss and non-primary dose, a new model called the torus source model is developed. Its parametric equations define the position and direction of the off-orbit particle bombardment on the torus pipe shell in the Cartesian coordinate system. Non-primary doses are finally calculated by several FLUKA simulations. Main results. The ratios of summarized non-primary doses from different sources to the planned dose of 2 Gy are all much smaller than the IEC requirements in both the 15–50 cm and 50–200 cm regions. Thus, the P-Cure synchrotron-based proton therapy system is clean and patient-friendly, and there is no need an inner shielding concrete between the accelerator and patient. Significance. Non-primary radiation dose level is a very important indicator to evaluate the quality of a PT system. This manuscript provides a feasible MC procedure for synchrotron-based proton therapy with new beam loss model. Which could help people figure out precisely whether this level complies with the IEC standard before the system put into clinical treatment. What' more, the torus source model could be widely used for bending magnets in gantries and synchrotrons to evaluate non-primary doses or other radiation doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coordination polymers (CPs) are a kind of inorganic-organic hybrid materials that have received increasing attention recently due to their high porosity, stability, and modifiability. In this work, we have successfully synthesized a new CP based on a N-rich ligand (4,5-di(1 H -tetrazol-5-yl)-2 H -1,2,3-triazole) under hydrothermal condition. The crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 displays a three-dimensional supramolecular structure constructed from the two-dimensional layers, and has been further characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, infrared spectrum, and thermogravimetric analysis. The electrochemical properties of compound 1 have been studied in detail. The detection performance of compound 1 modified electrodes was determined. The results reveal that compound 1 can be successfully applied as an electrode material to simultaneously detect two heavy-metal ions Cd2+ and Pb2+ with high sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, compound 1 reveals excellent reversible capacity, cycle stability, and rate performance as an anode material for lithium-ion battery. In this work, a new CP [CuL(H 2 O)]·H 2 O (1) based on a N-rich ligand has been synthesized under hydrothermal condition. The structure and electrochemical properties of compound 1 have been studied in detail. [Display omitted] • A new CP [CuL(H 2 O)]·H 2 O (1) based on a N-rich ligand has been synthesized under hydrothermal condition. • Compound 1 can be successfully applied to simultaneously detect Cd2+ and Pb2+ with high sensitivity and selectivity. • Compound 1 , as an anode material for LIB, shows excellent reversible capacity, cycle stability, and rate performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This communication provides a novel adaptive irregular grid model (AIGM) to improve the scattering simulation efficiency of electrically large terrains. This model distinguishes the steep and flat regions of the measured topographic point cloud models by a threshold. To determine the optimal threshold, we present the height gradient as the criterion to describe the topographic undulation. The optimal threshold is located at the inflection point of the curve describing topographic similarity in the range of height gradient. This generated AIGM can reduce the grid quantity and maintain consistency with the original point cloud model. It is also valuable in the popular coherent and incoherent (C&I) scattering model of global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R). In this communication, the coherent component can be expressed by a simple product of the electric field of the conductor grid, the characteristic function of roughness, and the Fresnel reflection coefficient. The incoherent component comes from the diffuse scattering simulated by the integral equation method (IEM). Compared with the traditional solution to C&I scattering by using the Kirchhoff approximation (KA), the modified C&I model has a more extensive application. The precision of the AIGM-based-C&I model is verified by traditional physical optics (PO). The excellent simulation efficiency of the AIGM-based-C&I model is also demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Yaw dynamics model of the electric tractor-plow unit is developed. • Learning-based double layer control method of yaw stability for electric tractor is proposed. • Comparative HIL experiments of three control methods are conducted under normal and harsh operating conditions. • The maximum yaw rate and sideslip angle tracking error is controlled within 0.096 rad/s and 0.044 rad. • The tracking accuracy is higher than the traditional control methods. Ensures yaw stability of electric tractors. Complex field environments and variable soil conditions make tractor plowing operations susceptible to maneuvering instability, especially challenging in yaw stability. A learning-based double layer control (LDLC) method of yaw stability for rear wheel independent drive electric tractor (ET) plowing operation is proposed in this paper in order to solve this problem. Firstly, a sliding window self-learning traction resistance predictor is proposed based on Gaussian process regression (GPR) theory to predict the future traction resistance of plowing operation. Then, a discrete nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) supervisor yaw stability controller is designed based on the dynamics model of the plowing unit and the tire-soil model to solve for the additional yaw torque required to maintain the yaw stability of the tractor. Finally, considering the additional yaw moment and driver demand torque, the subordinate controller composed of a particle swarm optimization algorithm optimally allocates the driving torque of the two driving wheels. Hardware-in-the-loop test results show that the maximum mean tracking errors of yaw rate and sideslip angle are 0.002 rad/s and 0.01 rad for the LDLC controlled ET during straight line and continuous steering under normal plowing operation, the maximum mean tracking errors of yaw rate and sideslip angle are 0.007 rad/s and 0.012 rad for straight line and continuous steering plowing operations under harsh plowing operation. The tracking accuracy is significantly higher than traditional cascade PID and equal distribution control methods. The proposed LDLC method effectively ensures the yaw stability of the ET during straight line and continuous steering under normal and harsh plowing operation conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Three alkaline earth-based MOFs were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. • Compounds 1-3 reveal structural diversity owing to different metal ions and organic ligands. • The luminescent properties of compounds 1 - 3 were studied in detail. The alkaline earth-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted more and more attention for their beautiful structure and environmental friendliness. In this work, three alkaline earth-based MOFs, namely [Ba(HL 1)] n (1), [Ca(HL 1)(H 2 O) 2 ] n (2), and [Ba(HL 2)] n (3) (H 3 L 1 = 1-(3-carboxyphenylmethyl)-1H-pyrazol-3,5-dicarboxylic acid and H 3 L 2 = 1-(4-carboxyphenylmethyl)-1H-pyrazol-3,5-dicarboxylic acid), were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Compounds 1-3 reveal structural diversity owing to different metal ions and organic ligands. Thermal and solvent stability were characterized by thermogravimetric analyses (TG) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), respectively. The solid-state luminescent properties were also investigated. The result shows a clear correlation between emission bands and excitation wavelengths of compounds 1-3. Three new alkaline earth-based metal-organic frameworks with luminescent properties were synthesized and characterized. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new three-dimensional (3D) Ni(II) coordination polymers (CPs), namely, {[Ni(L1)2(H2O)2]·(1,5-NDS)}n (1) and [Ni(L2)2(1,5-NDS)]n (2) have been hydrothermally synthesized based on 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate (1,5-NDS) and two bis(benzimidazole) ligands (L1 = 1,4-bis(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)butane, L2 = 1,2-bis(benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene). CP 1 presents a 3D framework with 4-connected 66dia topology. While CP 2 shows a 3D network with 6-connected (412.63) pcu topology. CPs 1 and 2 both exhibit excellent luminescent properties and good water stability. And luminescent sensing experiments reveal that both CPs can detect uric acid (UA) in aqueous solution through the luminescent quenching effect, and they also can detect tryptophan (Trp) in aqueous solution with red-shift and turn-on luminescent effect. The detection limits toward UA and Trp are 1.30 and 0.92 μM for 1, and those are 1.20 and 1.30 μM for 2, respectively. Furthermore, the luminescence sensing mechanisms were studied via PXRD patterns, UV–Vis spectra, lifetimes and theoretical calculations. The luminescence test films of 1 and 2 were also prepared for visual detection of UA and Trp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine [5‐HT]) receptors (5‐HTRs) mediate neuroendocrine signaling via interactions with the ligand serotonin (5‐HT). The 5‐HT signaling system has been well studied in vertebrates, but rarely known in invertebrate animals, especially in the marine invertebrates. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel 5‐HTR from the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Aj5‐HT4/6). The cloned Aj5‐HT4/6 open reading frame comprised 1290 bp and encoded 429 amino acids. Bioinformatic analysis of the receptor indicated that it was a member of the class A of the G protein‐coupled receptor family. Further experiments using Aj5‐HT4/6‐transfected HEK293 cells demonstrated that treatment with 5‐HT could induce rapid internalization of Aj5‐HT4/6 fused with enhanced green fluorescent protein from the cell surface into the cytoplasm and triggered a significant increase in levels of the second messenger cAMP as well as mitogen‐activated protein kinase phosphorylation in a 5‐HT dose‐dependent manner. Quantitative real time‐polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that Aj5‐HT4/6 was predominantly expressed in the muscle and respiratory tree, and its expression was significantly decreased during estivation. Taken together, these results imply that Aj5‐HT4/6 is potentially involved in the movement and metabolism of the sea cucumber. Research Highlights: A novel 5‐hydroxytryptamine receptor (5‐HTR) (Aj5‐HT4/6) was identified in sea cucumber with 1290 bp open reading frame.The bioinformatic and pharmacological analyses indicated that Aj5‐HT4/6 was Gs protein coupled GPCR and classified into 5‐HTR class 4 or 6 family.The transcriptional investigation of Aj5‐HT4/6 suggested its functional involvement in the movement and metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new heterometallic CuEr cluster complexes based on 3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (HL) and 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (TPY), [Cu(L)(TPY)][Er(L)4]·H2O (1) and [Cu(L)(TPY)][Er2(L)7] (2), have been hydrothermally prepared by controlling the metal–ligand ratios. Comparative study revealed that metal–ligand ratios affected the coordination modes of L− and thus generate two distinct structures. Both complexes display as ion-pair bicomponent structures. The cationic [Cu(L)(TPY)]+ components show the similar binuclear cluster structure in two complexes, while the two anionic parts are very different. In 1, two Er(III) centers are coordinated by four bridging and four chelating L− ligands to form the binuclear anionic [Er2(L)8]2− cluster. While in 2, all L− ligands show the bridging modes and connect the Er(III) centers into an extended one-dimensional (1D) chain. So the overall structures of 1 and 2 are bicomponent 0D + 0D and 0D + 1D structures, respectively. Direct current magnetic susceptibility measurements were performed for two complexes and they both showed antiferromagnetic behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new CdII MOFs, namely, two‐dimensional (2D) poly[[[μ2‐1,4‐bis(1H‐benzimidazol‐1‐yl)butane](μ2‐heptanedioato)cadmium(II)] tetrahydrate], {[Cd(C7H10O4)(C18H18N4)]·4H2O}n or {[Cd(Pim)(bbimb)]·4H2O}n (1), and 2D poly[diaqua[μ2‐1,4‐bis(1H‐benzimidazol‐1‐yl)butane](μ4‐decanedioato)(μ2‐decanedioato)dicadmium(II)], [Cd2(C10H16O4)2(C18H18N4)(H2O)2]n or [Cd(Seb)(bbimb)0.5(H2O)]n (2), have been synthesized hydrothermally based on the 1,4‐bis(1H‐benzimidazol‐1‐yl)butane (bbimb) and pimelate (Pim2−, heptanedioate) or sebacate (Seb2−, decanedioate) ligands. Both MOFs were structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In 1, the CdII centres are connected by bbimb and Pim2− ligands to generate a 2D sql layer structure with an octameric (H2O)8 water cluster. The 2D layers are further connected by O—H...O hydrogen bonds, resulting in a three‐dimensional (3D) supramolecular structure. In 2, the CdII centres are coordinated by Seb2− ligands to form binuclear Cd2 units which are linked by bbimb and Seb2− ligands into a 2D hxl layer. The 2D layers are further connected by O—H...O hydrogen bonds, leading to an 8‐connected 3D hex supramolecular network. IR and UV–Vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and solid‐state photoluminescence analysis were carried out on both MOFs. Luminescence sensing experiments reveal that both MOFs have good selective sensing towards Fe3+ in aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Two generations of pyrite show distinguished textures and chemical compositions. • These generations likely record an evolution from non-immiscibility to immiscibility. • The key factor for the Au precipitation is fluid immiscibility in the second stage. • The immiscibility is responsible for the unusual decoupling of Au and As in pyrite. Pyrite, as one of the most important Au carriers, can well document ore-forming processes. In this study, we select the Hekou gold deposit (HKGD), a newly discovered deposit in the North China Craton (NCC), to rebuild its ore-forming process and gold precipitation mechanism with pyrite. The gold-bearing pyrite was used to perform a combined micro-textural petrography, elemental and S isotope analyses. The micro-textural petrography reveals two distinguished generations of pyrite, including coarse-grained euhedral Py1 and fine-grained xenomorphic Py2. The fine-grained xenomorphic Py2 likely results from a fast nuclear rate responding to the rapid thermochemical changes of hydrothermal fluid. Trace elements of pyrite constrained by LA-ICP-MS reveal that the concentrations of metals such as Au, Ag, Cu, and Pb dramatically increase from Py1 to Py2, suggesting that the fluid evolved to oversaturation. The concentrations of As notably decrease from 284.35 to 23.27 ppm from Py1 to Py2, supporting that As escape from the ore solutions. Moreover, the in situ S isotopes by LA-MC-ICP-MS reveal a minor δ34S fractionation between Py1 (6.29±0.22‰, 2SD) and Py2 (5.95±0.22‰, 2SD), which also agree with the isotopic behavior of H 2 S escape. All of them, together with fluid inclusion observation, we explain that the two-stage pyrite formation in the HKGD records a hydrothermal system evolution from non-immiscibility (Py1) to immiscibility (Py2). Fluid immiscibility likely effectively facilitated the Au precipitation in the HKGD, via significantly destabilizing the Au-HS complex in fluid and incorporating Au into pyrite. Meanwhile, it also led to an unusual decoupling of Au and As in pyrite. This study highlights that the pyrite texture and chemistry can be excellent tools to reveal trace hydrothermal system evolution and gold precipitation mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the safety of focused ultrasound (FUS) partial ablation on the pancreas of Sprague Dawley® (SD) rats by histopathological examination of the outcome and investigation of glycometabolism function changes after local ablation. A total of 135 healthy SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 45 of each): FUS ½ group, FUS ¼ group, and control group. Levels of serum amylase was measured using the enzyme dynamics method, fasting blood glucose was measured by the glucose oxidase-peroxidase method, fasting serum insulin was measured by direct chemiluminescence assay, and an ELISA was used to measure fasting serum glucagon immediately after treatment, and at 2 h, 3 days, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks, 3 and 6 months after FUS ablation. Pancreatic tissue was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and the pathology of the ablation area was examined under an optical microscope; additionally, the expression of insulin and glucagon was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Compared with the control group, serum amylase and fasting blood glucose levels in the ablation groups rose significantly immediately after operation; fasting blood glucose, serum amylase, serum insulin and glucagon levels in the ablation groups were significantly different at 2 h after treatment, and serum amylase levels in the ablation groups remained significantly different on day 3. Histological findings showed that the coagulation necrosis area gradually shrank, with formation of new blood vessels observed at week 3, and new ducts observable in the ablation area at the 3rd month after FUS ablation, but no formation of islets was observed. Expression of insulin and glucagon in the ablation groups were significantly higher than in the control group at 2 h after FUS ablation. There were no significant adverse effects on the glycometabolic function of SD rats after FUS ablation, and the influence of FUS treatment on pancreatic functions were minimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The hydrothermal process is divided into four stages from early to late, and two stages of Sn mineralization are identified. • Fluid mixing may be the predominant mechanism for the minor Sn mineralization occurred in stage II. • Fluid cooling may be the predominant mechanism for the abundant cassiterite precipitation in stage III. • The ore-forming fluid mainly derived from highly evolved granitic magma, and the genesis of cassiterite is consistent with typical skarn-type Sn deposits. The Xianghualing Sn-polymetallic deposit is a large skarn-type Sn deposit located in the Nanling polymetallic metallogenic belt, South China. The ore bodies are controlled by NE-trending faults and mainly hosted in the contact of Middle Devonian carbonate rock and granite. The Xianghualing deposit is divided into four mineralization stages, and two stages of Sn mineralization are identified. The mineralization stages from early to late include stage I (prograde stage), stage II (retrograde stage), stage III (cassiterite-magnetite-arsenopyrite-topaz-quartz stage), stage IV (sphalerite-galena-pyrite-chalcopyrite-quartz-calcite stage). Stage II is the initial stage of Sn mineralization where only minor cassiterite precipitates, and stage III is the main Sn mineralization stage where abundant cassiterite precipitates. On this basis, fluid inclusion microthermometry and Raman spectroscopy analyses were carried out for ore and/or gangue minerals at different stages. In addition, trace element composition analysis was also conducted on cassiterite. These data can contribute to reveal the fluid properties, evolution and formation mechanism of Xianghualing deposit. Three types of fluid inclusions were identified in different mineralization stages, including halite-bearing multi-phase inclusions (Type B), liquid-rich two-phase inclusions (Type L) and vapor-rich two-phase inclusions (Type V). Garnet (stage I) contains Type B inclusions and Type V inclusions, with homogenization temperatures and salinities of 511–549 °C, 37.6–48.9 wt% NaCl equiv. and 551–559 °C, 4.0–5.1 wt% NaCl equiv., respectively. Topaz (stage II) contains Type L inclusions with homogenization temperatures of 408–445 °C and salinities of 9.5–12.4 wt% NaCl equiv. Cassiterite (stage III) contains Type L inclusions with homogenization temperatures of 368–417 °C and salinities of 8.7–11.5 wt% NaCl equiv. Quartz (stage IV) contains Type L inclusions with homogenization temperatures of 162–227 °C and salinities of 2.6–5.0 wt% NaCl equiv. The temperature and salinity of the fluid from stage I to stage II decreased significantly, recording intense meteoric water mixing. The temperature of the fluid decreased from stage II to stage III, while the salinity changed little, indicating that, except for minor meteoric water mixing, cooling of fluid is predominant. The temperature and salinity of the fluid from stage III to stage IV continued to decrease, recording the further mixing of meteoric water. From stage II to stage III, the evolution temperature of the fluid is basically consistent with the temperature indicated by trace elements (Nb, Ta, Ti) of cassiterite in the two stages. Fluid mixing may be the predominant mechanism for the minor Sn mineralization occurred in stage II. Fluid cooling may be the predominant mechanism for the abundant cassiterite precipitation in stage III, which is accompanied by redox reactions of Sn (II)-Cl complexes with As (III) and/or CO 2 as potential oxidants, and acid neutralization of carbonate rocks. Combined with the cassiterite composition, it is indicated that the ore forming fluid of the Xianghualing deposit mainly derived from the highly evolved granitic magma in the region, and the genesis of cassiterite is consistent with that of typical skarn-type Sn deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The synergistic effect of allergens and air pollutants on the risk of allergic diseases is unclear.Objective: To evaluate the joint effect of outdoor pollutants and indoor allergens on the risk of allergic diseases.Methods: We enrolled 2661 kindergarten children from the CEAS cohort. Data on allergic diseases and environmental exposure were collected. Skin prick tests were performed. Individual exposure to air pollution was estimated using a geographic information system with the mean concentration of air pollutants. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the association between air pollutants, allergen exposure and the risk of allergic diseases with adjustments for potential confounders.Results: Overall, 12.6% of the children had asthma, 30.0% had allergic rhinitis (AR), and 14.4% had atopic dermatitis (AD). Mite sensitization significantly increased the risk of AD, AR, and asthma (OR (95%CI) 2.15 (1.53-3.03), 1.94 (1.46-2.58), and 2.31 (1.63-3.29), respectively). Exposure to PM10, PM(2.5), CO, and O(3) was associated with asthma (OR (95% CI) 1.39 (1.03-1.87), 1.45 (1.07-1.97), 1.36 (1.01-1.83), and 0.68 (0.51-0.92), respectively). PM(2.5) may have increased the risk of AR (OR (95% CI) 1.54 (1.03-2.32). Mite sensitization showed a synergistic effect with PM(2.5) on the development of asthma (p < 0.001). Moreover, mite allergens may modify the effect of air pollutants on allergic diseases.Conclusion: Dust mites and PM(2.5) play an important role on the risk of asthma and AR. Exposure to PM(2.5) and mite allergens had a synergistic effect on the development of asthma. Avoiding co-exposure to allergens and air pollutants is important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]