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Objective International guidelines recommend maternal tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) therapy accompanied by infant immunoprophylaxis to prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in highly viremic mothers. However, pooled analyses for tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) effects and comparisons between the 2 regimens are lacking. Design In this meta-analysis, pairs of independent reviewers performed multiple database searches from inception to 31 March 2024 and extracted data from cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in highly viremic mothers. The outcomes of interest were the reduction of MTCT and safety in the TDF-treated, TAF-treated, and control groups. Results We included 31 studies with 2588 highly viremic mothers receiving TDF, 280 receiving TAF, and 1600 receiving no treatment. Compared to the control, TDF therapy reduced the MTCT rate in infants aged 6–12 months (risk ratio: 0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI].07–.16). Pairwise meta-analysis between TAF and TDF revealed similar effects on reducing MTCT (risk ratio: 1.09, 95% confidence interval.16–7.61). Network meta-analysis showed equal efficacy of the 2 regimens in reducing MTCT (risk ratio: 1.09, 95% CI.15–7.65). The surface under the cumulative ranking curve revealed TDF as the best regimen compared with TAF (probability ranking:.77 vs.72), while receiving a placebo during pregnancy had the lowest efficacy (probability ranking 0.01). There were no safety concerns for mothers and infants in all regimens. Conclusions Compared to placebo or no treatment, maternal TDF and TAF prophylaxis are equally effective and without safety concerns in reducing MTCT in highly viremic mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With improved resolution and sensitivity, the cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detector measures myocardial blood flow (MBF) and myocardial flow reserve (MFR) via single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Recently, many studies have used vasodilator stress to obtain quantitative indexes. However, dobutamine used as a pharmaceutical stress has been rarely used to quantify myocardial perfusion using CZT-SPECT. Our study retrospectively analyzed the blood flow performance of 99mTc-Sestamibi (99mTc -MIBI) CZT-SPECT comparing dobutamine to adenosine. Purpose: The study aims to explore whether dobutamine stress can be used for the myocardial perfusion quantitative analysis via CZT-SPECT as well as compare dobutamine MBF and MFR to adenosine. Methods: It was a retrospective study. A total of 68 patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease (CAD) were consecutively enrolled in this study. Thirty-four patients underwent dobutamine stress 99mTc-MIBI CZT-SPECT. Another thirty-four patients underwent adenosine stress 99mTc-MIBI CZT-SPECT. Patient characteristics, myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) results, gated-myocardial perfusion imaging (G-MPI) results and quantitative analysis of MBF and MFR were collected. Results: In dobutamine stress group, stress MBF was significantly higher than rest MBF (median [interquartile range], 1.63 [1.46–1.94] vs. 0.89 [0.73–1.06], P < 0.001). In adenosine stress group, similar results were observed (median [interquartile range], 2.01 [1.34–2.20] vs. 0.88 [0.75–1.01], P < 0.001). When comparing the dobutamine and adenosine stress group, global MFR showed significant differences (median [interquartile range], the dobutamine group: 1.88 [1.67–2.38] vs. the adenosine group: 2.19 [1.87–2.64], P = 0.037). Conclusion: MBF and MFR can be measured using dobutamine 99mTc -MIBI CZT-SPECT. In small sample single-center study, there was a difference in MFR produced by adenosine and dobutamine within the suspected or the known CAD population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]