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The characteristics and responses of soil bacterial communities and potato productivity to different fertilization treatments in farmlands in the agropastoral zone of Inner Mongolia were investigated. Moreover, the diversity and structure of soil bacterial communities and potato productivity under different fertilization treatments (no fertilization, CK; phosphorus-deficient treatment, NK; conventional fertilization, NPK; and organic–inorganic combination, NPKM) were assessed using Illumina high-throughput sequencing. The results revealed that soil pH, organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) content, and potato productivity were significantly increased under fertilizer treatments (NK, NPK, and NPKM) compared with those under CK, with NPKM treatment having the best enhancement effect. The application of organic fertilizers significantly increased the Shannon, evenness, Chao1, and Ace indices of soil bacterial communities and reshaped the bacterial community structure. Random forest model analysis revealed that soil pH and TP significantly affected soil bacterial diversity, whereas soil pH, SOM, TP, and TN significantly affected soil bacterial community structure. Correlation and structural equation modeling analyses revealed that soil TP and SOM indirectly affected potato productivity by changing soil bacterial diversity and community composition. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for improving the quality and productivity of farmland soil to guide the rational fertilization of farmlands in the agropastoral zone of northern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photodetectors based on two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have attracted many research interests owing to their excellent optoelectronic characteristics and application potential for highly integrated applications. However, the unique morphology of 2D materials also restricts the further improvement of the device performance, as the carrier transport is very susceptible to intrinsic and extrinsic environment of the materials. Here, we report the highest responsivity (172 A/W) achieved so far for a PbI2-based photodetector at room temperature, which is an order of magnitude higher than previously reported. Thermal scanning probe lithography (t-SPL) was used to pattern electrodes to realize the ultrashort channel (~60 nm) in the device. The shortening of the channel length greatly reduces the probability of the photo-generated carriers being scattered during the transport process, which increases the photocurrent density and thus the responsivity. Our work shows that the combination of emerging processing technologies and 2D materials is an effective route to shrink device size and improve device performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the use of medical insurance expenses of diabetic patients with osteoarthritis (OA) in Beijing, and to explore the impact of OA on the economic burden of diabetes patients. Methods Diabetic patients aged>16 years with complete outpatient medical records from 2016 to 2018 in Beijing medical insurance were included, excluding those with less than 2 months of follow-up and no prescription records. Information was collected from the Beijing medical insurance database, including the international disease classification of diabetes and its complications and comorbidities, age, sex, disease course, drug (hypoglycemic and non-hypoglycemic drugs) treatment plan, and medical insurance costs. Multivariate regression model was used to control confounding factors, and Wilcoxon rank sum test, χ² test or Fisher exact test were used to compare the differences in various indicators between the patients with diabetes without OA and those with diabetes with OA. Results A total of 2 853 036 diabetic patients were included, of whom 673 251 patients (23.60%) had OA. Stratified by age, the proportion of diabetics with OA was higher in the 45-84 age group, 92.73%, 92.43% and 92.29% in 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. According to gender distribution, there were more females in diabetics with OA, 55.17%, 54.41% and 53.37% in 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Compared with diabetics without OA, diabetics with OA had significantly more related to complications and comorbidities (P< 0.001). Compared with diabetics without OA, the total annual drug cost/drug number of diabetics with OA in 2018 was higher at (2 511±2 526) and (2 608±2 155) yuan/drug, respectively, of which the cost/drug number of hypoglycemic drugs and non-hypoglycemic drugs was higher. From 2016 to 2018, the types of drugs for diabetics with OA (especially the types of hypoglycemic drugs) showed an increasing trend year by year, while the total annual drug cost (including hypoglycemic drugs and non-hypoglycemic drugs) showed a decreasing trend, and the total annual drug cost/drug number of medications also showed a decreasing trend. Conclusions Diabetics with osteoarthritis have more diabetes complications and related comorbidities, and require more hypoglycemic drugs and medical expenses. Osteoarthritis significantly increases the medical expenses of diabetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]