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Objective: Systematic comparison of the efficacy and safety of nebulized corticosteroids and systemic corticosteroids for treating acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease reported by high-quality, real-world observational studies and randomized controlled trials.Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from the database creation date to 1 April 2022. Eligible observational studies and randomized controlled trials with changes in lung function and blood gas analysis results as the primary endpoints of interest, and the numbers of deteriorations and adverse events as the secondary endpoints were sought.Results: Of the 2,837 identified studies, 22 were eligible and included in our analysis (N = 5,764 patients). Compared with systemic corticosteroids, nebulized corticosteroids resulted in comparable improvements in predicted FEV1%, FEV1, PaO2, PaCO2, and SaO2 at the treatment endpoint; however, observational studies reported more significant treatment outcomes with nebulized corticosteroids for FEV1 [mean difference, 0.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.17–0.35; p < 0.005]. In terms of adverse reactions, the risks of gastrointestinal symptoms were 11% [Log risk ratio (LogRR) = 0.10; 95% confidence interval, 0.05–0.15; p < 0.005] higher for systemic corticosteroids than for nebulized corticosteroids in randomized controlled trials, while the risks of hyperglycemia were 6% (LogRR = 0.06; 95% CI, 0.01–0.11; p = 0.01) and 13% (LogRR = 0.12; 95% CI, 0.09–0.16; p < 0.005) higher in observational studies and randomized controlled trials, respectively.Conclusion: According to our meta-analysis, either study type supported that nebulized corticosteroids can be used as an alternative to systemic corticosteroids for treating acute exacerbation of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, more well-designed prospective studies are needed to determine the optimal dose of nebulized corticosteroids and the advantages of sequential therapy.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-taw-10.1177_20420986221143266 for Safety of triazole antifungals: a pharmacovigilance study from 2004 to 2021 based on FAERS by Shuang Chai, Jing-Lun Zhan, Li-Mei Zhao and Xiao-Dong Liu in Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety

To meet the need of high-speed steel roll grinding, a hydrostatic lubrication system for high-speed precision roller grinding head is designed and the dynamic performance of the system is simulated and analyzed in this study. The hydrostatic lubrication system was designed according to the lubrication characteristics of the eccentric sleeve and thrust bearing of the high-speed precision roller. Then the mathematical models of the main components of the system were established. And according to the schematic diagram of hydrostatic lubrication system, the dynamic performance of the lubrication system at high speed was simulated and tested. The simulation and experiment results show that the lubrication effect of the eccentric sleeve static chambers and thrust bearings is good, and the designed hydrostatic lubrication system is feasible.

Language barriers have a negative effect on knowledge spillover process. Scientific journals are main carrier of scientific knowledge, and the mutual citations between scientific journals depict the paths and directions of knowledge spillovers. This paper selects six Chinese scientific journals (three Chinese-language journals and three English-language ones) from three disciplines in Web of Science as samples, constructs journal citation networks respectively with JCR database, and compares network topology parameters and evolution process of these journals from 2005 to 2009. We establish a measurement model of knowledge spillovers by defining network topology parameters as substitutional variables to measure the impact of language barriers on knowledge spillovers. Finally, this paper proposes a suggestion on how to overcome negative effect of language barriers on Chinese scientific journals.

Knowledge diffusion speed has an important influence on knowledge innovation efficiency, especially in the field of science and technology. This paper analyzes the knowledge diffusion process and the connotation of knowledge diffusion speed, and uses the citation network as a model to describe the mechanism of knowledge diffusion. Along with the characteristics of citation itself, the topological parameters of citation networks are defined. By assigning citation lag as the weight of edges, the citation network becomes a sequential network. Based on these ideas, this paper embarks from the topological structure of the citation network, establishes the measurement indexes of knowledge diffusion speed from both an integral perspective and an individual perspective, and reports empirical research. Results show that integral knowledge diffusion speed measurement indexes can reflect the development speed and tendency of a research topic, while individual knowledge diffusion speed measurement indexes can reflect the contribution of a particular work to the development of a research topic. This paper provides new insights regarding the objective and reasonable evaluation of a research topic's evolution process and a scientific paper's value.

To study the efficacy and tolerability of Daming capsule (DMC) in Chinese patients with hyperlipidemia, a randomized, multi-centre, open-label, parallel-group trial was conducted. Sixty enrolled patients with hyperlipidemia allocated to six medical centers were randomly divided into two groups of 30 individuals each. One group received DMC 2 g b.i.d. for 6 weeks, and the other received pravastatin 10 mg o.d. for 6 weeks. For efficacy assessment, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured before and after drug treatment. Serum TC and LDL-C levels in the DMC-treatment group were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment (p0.05), while TG and HDL-C levels did not change much. Tolerability was assessed by heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine (Cr), which were not changed in either the DMC or pravastatin groups at 3 and 6 weeks (p0.05). Besides, eight patients experienced diarrhea during DMC treatment and two experienced myalgia and epigastric discomfort during pravastatin treatment. Based on the above results, it was concluded that DMC may be a good candidate for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and further clinical trials are warranted.