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In this article, abundant coring analysis results from underground reservoirs were used to understand the characteristics of reservoir micro‐heterogeneity within a sequence stratigraphic framework, primarily including the distribution of reservoir particles, fillings, and pore‐throat heterogeneities. The vertical distribution pattern of the reservoir micro‐heterogeneity is then summarized, and the controlling effect of the sequence frameworks at different levels on the micro‐heterogeneity distribution is discussed. Generally, the micro‐heterogeneity within the quasi‐sequence decreases from bottom to top, which is characterized by coarsening grain size, increasing quartz content, decreasing feldspar, debris, clay mineral, and calcareous cement content. The pore volume and throat radius and pore–throat connectivity have also been better with weakening secondary pore development and permeability anisotropies. Differences are observed in the micro‐heterogeneity distribution between the retrograde quasi‐sequence group and the progradational quasi‐sequence group. The micro‐heterogeneity vertical distribution in the retrograde quasi‐sequence group shows one set of characteristics from bottom to top, in which the grain size becomes finer, the calcareous precipitation degree increases, and the micro‐heterogeneity of the reservoir generally shows enhanced trend upward; however, the micro‐heterogeneity vertical distribution in the progradational quasi‐sequence group shows the opposite characteristics. The micro‐heterogeneity of the reservoirs in the system tract also shows some regularity. The sea level in the high system tract has risen and fallen several times and shows a relative fallen trend overall, and the micro‐heterogeneity weakens while progressing upward. Reservoir micro‐heterogeneity variations in the sequence framework are of great significance for determining reservoir quality and performing predictions during oil and gas exploration and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The etiology of urticaria is heterogeneous and allergic responses may be involved in it. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and distribution of sensitivity to inhaled and food allergens among patients with urticaria in Henan province (China). The levels of specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) were detected using the AllergyScreen test and a total of 524/1,091 cases (48.0%) tested positive for sIgE to at least one of the 19 allergens. The most common inhaled allergens the urticaria patients were sensitive to were D. pteronyssinus (34.5%), cockroach (12.5%) and tree pollen mix (11.1%), while the food allergens with the highest rate of allergic reactions were cashew nut (8.1%), shrimp (6.8%) and crab (6.4%). The positive rates for D. pteronyssinus, dog hair, cockroach, mold mix, tree pollen mix and shrimp in the chronic urticaria group were higher than those in the acute urticaria group (P<0.05). Furthermore, positive rates for the majority of allergens were higher in males than in females and were significantly different between age groups (P<0.05). The results of the present study provided information on the characteristics of allergen sensitization of patients with urticaria and may facilitate the prevention, diagnosis and management of urticaria in Henan province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a steady worldwide rise in childhood obesity. With this there is also an increased risk for children to develop metabolic diseases later if not earlier in life. The support for this notion comes from dyslipidemia in children, abnormal glucose homeostasis, increased pro-oxidant and decreased anti-oxidant markers. Hyperuricemia is one such marker that is more common in obese children. Although, at early stages hyperuricemic children do not exhibit any disease, they are at a higher risk for developing metabolic diseases later in life. Therefore, the question arises, "Should we treat asymptomatic children for hyperuricemia?" Since our experience of long-term pharmacologic management of hyperuricemia is nonexistent, we recommend use of nutritional interventions to manage hyperuricemia in children. These may include lifestyle changes and better nutrition through inclusion of supplemental vitamin C, folic acid, dietary fiber, prebiotics and probiotics in diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction between inflammatory processes and a hypercoagulant state may aggravate the severity of asthma and stimulate the airway remodeling of asthma. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the association between the negative inflammatory regulator tumor necrosis factor α induced protein‑8 like‑2 (TIPE2) and the coagulating substances tissue factor (TF) and thrombospondin‑1 (TSP‑1) in patients with bronchial asthma. Compared with healthy controls, TIPE2 expression was significantly downregulated, whereas TF expression was upregulated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with bronchial asthma. In addition, levels of TF and TSP‑1 in the sera were up‑regulated in patients with asthma compared with healthy controls. TIPE2 expression was negatively correlated with TF in the PBMCs and sera and was negatively correlated with TSP‑1 levels in the sera of patients with bronchial asthma. The results of the current study indicated that anti‑inflammatory TIPE2 levels are associated with levels of the coagulation substances TF and TSP‑1. However, further studies are required to determine whether TIPE2 participates in the pathogenesis of asthma by interacting with the coagulation substances TF and TSP‑1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a steady worldwide rise in childhood obesity. With this there is also an increased risk for children to develop metabolic diseases later if not earlier in life. The support for this notion comes from dyslipidemia in children, abnormal glucose homeostasis, increased pro-oxidant and decreased anti-oxidant markers. Hyperuricemia is one such marker that is more common in obese children. Although, at early stages hyperuricemic children do not exhibit any disease, they are at a higher risk for developing metabolic diseases later in life. Therefore, the question arises, "Should we treat asymptomatic children for hyperuricemia?" Since our experience of long-term pharmacologic management of hyperuricemia is nonexistent, we recommend use of nutritional interventions to manage hyperuricemia in children. These may include lifestyle changes and better nutrition through inclusion of supplemental vitamin C, folic acid, dietary fiber, prebiotics and probiotics in diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A trizirconium(IV)-substituted sandwich-type polyoxotungstate, K7.5H6.5[Zr3(µ2-OH)2(µ2-O)(A-α-GeW9O34)(1,4,9-α-P2W15O56)] ·16.5H2O ( 1), was hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structural unit of 1 consists of trilacunary Dawson-type phosphotungstate and trilacunary Keggin-type germanotungstate units that are linked by a trizirconium(IV) cluster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report here the electrical and UV-photoelectrical performance of transparent indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin film transistors with solution-processed zirconia (ZrO2) dielectric. The channel layers were deposited by magnetron sputter at room temperature. The ZrO2 dielectric was deposited by solution process under ambient conditions followed by low temperature annealing. The films were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscope. Good device characteristics have been obtained with a field effect mobility of 30.7 cm2 V−1s−1, a current on/off ratio of 105, a threshold voltage of 0.8 V, and a sub-threshold swing of 30 mV decade−1. A resistor-load inverter was fabricated and shows reasonable transfer characteristics with a gain of about 5 at supply voltage of 2 V. It was observed that the transistors are sensitive to UV illumination. When exposed to ultraviolet light with an intensity of 120 µW cm−2, the photo-to-dark current ratio was more than 104 in the depletion region. All the above features make IZO thin film transistor a promising candidate to be also used as a UV-photo transistor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under hydrothermal conditions, replacement of the water molecules in the [MnIII4MnII2O4(H2O)4]8+ cluster of mixed-valent Mn6 sandwiched silicotungstate [(B-α-SiW9O34)2MnIII4MnII2O4(H2O)4]12− ( 1 a) with organic N ligands led to the isolation of five organic-inorganic hybrid, Mn6-substituted polyoxometalates (POMs) 2- 6. They were all structurally characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy, and powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 2- 6 represent the first series of mixed-valent {MnIII4MnII2O4(H2O)4− n(L) n} sandwiched POMs covalently functionalized by organic ligands. The preparation of 1- 6 not only indicates that the double-cubane {MnIII4MnII2O4(H2O)4− n(L) n} clusters are very stable fragments in both conventional aqueous solution and hydrothermal systems and that organic functionalization of the [MnIII4MnII2O4(H2O)4]8+ cluster by substitution reactions is feasible, but also demonstrates that hydrothermal environments can promote and facilitate the occurrence of this substitution reaction. This work confirms that hydrothermal synthesis is effective for making novel mixed-valent POMs substituted with transition-metal (TM) clusters by combining lacunary Keggin precursors with TM cations and tunable organic ligands. Furthermore, magnetic measurements reveal that 3 and 6 exhibit single-molecule magnet behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • High-nuclear POM clusters exhibit unmatched structural diversities and function. • Systematic summarization of high-nuclear POM clusters was carried out. • This review highlighted the architectural diversities and relevant applications. • The challenge and prospective of high-nuclear POM clusters were summarized. The design and construction of high-nuclear polyoxometalate (POM) clusters remain a severe challenge, but attract significant interest on account of their impressive structural versatility and outstanding properties in nanosized dimensions. With continuous exploration, diverse synthetic strategies have been developed that open multiple windows for constructing and engineering abundant high-nuclear POM species with function-oriented applications. Remarkably, the unique behaviors of Mo, W, V, Nb and Ta have demonstrated the promise of POMs in fabricating distinct architectures (from giant molecular metal oxides to metal–organic polyhedra) and applications (from catalysis, electrode materials, proton conductivity, magnetism, luminescence to molecular recognition and gas separation, etc.). This review summarizes recent advances on high-nuclear POM clusters, highlighting synthetic strategies, structural classifications and relevant applications in different areas. Furthermore, challenges and prospects of high-nuclear POM clusters are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of science and technology and the trend of multidisciplinary pervasion, POM-based TM–RE heterometallic chemistry (POM = polyoxometalate, TM = transition-metal, RE = rare-earth) has become one of the most rapidly growing and challengeable areas of inorganic chemistry due to the impressive structural diversities, various chemical compositions and potential applications of these materials in magnetism, optics, electrochemistry, electrocatalysis and materials science. Over the past several years, continuous interest and persisting efforts have been dedicated to the preparation and exploration of POM-based TM–RE heterometallic derived materials (PTRHDMs), which have led to more than two hundred PTRHDMs. In this review, we summarize the structural types of reported PTRHDMs together with synthetic strategies, structural motifs and relevant functional applications. The exciting array of this emerging research theme presages continuous growth and great vitality. In the last section, some prospects of this branch are also presented and possible guidance for future work is outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two Co-substituted sandwich-type polyoxometalates (Hen)[Co(HO)(PWO)]{[Co(HO)][Co(HO)(PWO)]}·18HO ( 1) and (Hen)[Co(HO)(HGeWO)]{[Co(HO)][Co(HO)(HGeWO)]}·16HO ( 2) (en = ethylenediamine) have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by IR spectra, elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analyses, powder X-ray diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Single-crystal structure analysis reveals that the molecules of 1 and 2 contain two Co-substituted sandwich-type polyoxoanions. This type of a molecular unit containing double polyoxoanions is very rare. From the viewpoint of supramolecular chemistry, the sandwich-type polyoxoanions in 1 and 2 can be further extended to 3-D frameworks via extensive hydrogen-bonding interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrothermal reactions of trilacunary precursor A- α-AsWO polyoxoanions and nickel ions in the presence of ethylenediamine (en = ethylenediamine) led to two new hexa-Ni-substituted Keggin-type tungstoarsenates [Ni( μ-OH)(en)(HO)(B- α-AsWO)]·6HO ( 1) and [Ni( μ-OH)(en)(HO)(B- α-AsWO)]·10HO ( 2), which have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data for 1: hexagonal, R3 c, a = b = 20.4379(5) Å, c = 21.5062(6) Å, β = 120º, V = 7779.8 (3) Å and Z = 6; for 2: momoclinic, P2/ c, a = 13.4200(3) Å, b = 19.1428(5) Å, c = 22.8845(9) Å, β = 112.403(3)º, V = 5435.2(3) Å and Z = 4. Structural analyses reveal that the [Ni( μ-OH)(B- α-AsWO)] clusters in 1 and 2 are covalently functionalized by neutral en ligands, in which two similar {Ni( μ-OH)(en)(HO)} cores have been observed by our lab. Notably, 1 and 2 represent the highest number of substituted transition metal ions in all known lacunary Keggin-type polyoxotungstoarsenate monomers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new hexa-nickel(II)-substituted Keggin-type tungstophosphates [Ni(μ-OH)(oeen)(HO)(B-α-PWO)]·6HO ( 1, oeen = N-(2-hydroxyethyl)enediamine), [Ni(μ-OH)(oeen)(HO)(B-α-PWO)]·13HO ( 2), [Ni(μ-OH)(oeen)(tran)(HO)(B-α-PWO)]·3HO ( 3, tran = 1,4,7-triazonane) and [Ni(μ-OH)(oeen)(tran)(HO)(B-α-PWO)]·6HO ( 4) have hydrothermally made by controlling their reaction temperatures. 1- 4 have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, respectively. Structural analyses reveal that they consist of {Ni(μ-OH)(HO)} cores and B-α-PWO (PW) units, and further are stabilized by organic neutral oeen/tran molecules. 1- 3 are isolated clusters while 4 is the 1D chain structure. It should be noted that the tran molecules in 3 and 4 are derived from the oeen molecules in the starting materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two unique organic–inorganichybrid heteropolymolybdateswith copper–aminoacid complexes [Cu(arg)2]2[(CuO6)Mo6O18(As3O3)2]·4 H2O (1) and[Cu(arg)2]3[TeMo6O24]·8H2O (2) (arg = l-arginine) have been preparedunder the 110 °C hydrothermal environments and structurally characterizedby elemental analyses, IR spectra, thermogravimetric (TG) analyses,and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 1stands for thefirst one-dimensional (1D) chain organic–inorganic hybrid arsenomolybdateconstructed from lantern-shaped [(CuO6)Mo6O18(As3O3)2]4–units through dinuclear [Cu2(arg)4]4+connectors, whereas 2represents an unprecedented 1Dchain organic–inorganic hybrid telluromolybdate built by Anderson-type[TeMo6O24]6–fragments viatrinuclear [Cu3(arg)6]6+bridges.Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibilities of 1and 2have been investigated and both illustrate the weak antiferromagneticcoupling within copper centers mediated by the carboxyl groups ofarg ligands. Moreover, the solid-state electrochemical and electrocatalyticproperties of 1have been carried out in 1 mol L–1H2SO4aqueous solution by entrappingit in a carbon paste electrode. 1displays apparent electrocatalyticactivities toward the reduction of nitrite and bromate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two unique organic-inorganic hybrid polyoxometalates constructed from Preyssler-type [Na(H2O)P5W30O110]14− ({P5W30}) subunits and TM/Ln-carboxylate-Ln connectors (TM=transition metal, Ln=lanthanide), KNa7[{Sm6Mn(μ-H2O)2(OCH2COO)7(H2O)18}{Na(H2O)P5W30O110}] ⋅22 H2O ( 1) and K4[{Sm4Cu2(gly)2(ox)(H2O)24}{NaP5W30O110}]Cl2 ⋅25 H2O ( 2; gly=glycine, ox=oxalate) have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, UV/Vis-NIR spectra, thermogravimetric analyses, power X-ray diffraction, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 displays one interesting 3D framework built by three types of subunits, {P5W30}, [Sm2Mn(μ-H2O)2(OCH2COO)2(H2O)5]4+, and [Sm4(OCH2COO)5 (H2O)13]2+, whereas 2 also manifests the other intriguing 3D architecture created by three types of subunits, {P5W30}, [SmCu(gly)(H2O)8]4+, and [Sm2(ox)(H2O)8]4+. To our knowledge, 1 and 2 are the first 3D frameworks that contain {P5W30} units and TM/Ln-carboxylate-Ln connectors. The fluorescent properties of 1 and 2 have been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A tetra-Co substituted sandwich-type polyoxotungstate (HTED)Cs[Co(HO)(B- α-HPWO)]·28HO (TED = triethylenediamine) has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by IR spectrum, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, respectively. Single-crystal structure analysis reveals that the tetra-Co substituted sandwich-type phosphotungstate units [Co(HO)(B- α-PWO)] are combined together by Cs cations giving rise to the 3D framework with the 'sqc876' 3D net. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new organic-inorganic hybrid carboxylate-bridging copper-lanthanide heterometallic polyoxotungstates K[Cu(en)(HO)]{[Cu(en)][Ce(GeWO)(HO)](CO)}·11HO ( 1) and K [Cu(en)(HO)]{[Cu(en)(HO)][Tb(PWO)(CHCOO)(HO)]}·15HO ( 2) (en = 1,2-ethylenediamine) have been prepared under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric (TG) analyses and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. X-ray structural analyses reveal that 1 exhibits the 1D zigzag chain architecture formed by dimeric oxalate-bridging {[Cu(en)][Ce(GeWO)(HO)](CO)} units and [Cu(en)] linkers whereas 2 displays a typical hybrid acetate-bridging dimeric structure [(α-PWO)Tb(HO)(η,μ-1,1)-CHCOO] modified by [Cu(en)(HO)] fragments. Notably, both contain 2:2-type carboxylate-bridging monolanthanide-substituted Keggin-type dimeric moieties and two types of organic ligands. 1 represents the rare 1D Cu-Ln heterometallic germanotungstate containing mixed ligands of en and oxalate whereas 2 represents the rare dimeric organic-inorganic hybrid Keggin-type phosphotungstate containing both Cu-Ln heterometals and mixed ligands of en and acetate. Graphical Abstract: Two new organic-inorganic hybrid copper-lanthanide heterometallic polyoxotungstates containing mixed organic ligands of en and carboxylate were successfully separated under hydrothermal conditions. 1 exhibits the 1D zigzag chain architecture formed by dimeric oxalate-bridging {[Cu(en)][Ce(GeWO)(HO)](CO)} units by [Cu(en)] linkers, whereas 2 displays a typical hybrid acetate-bridging dimeric structure [(α-PWO)Tb(HO)(η,μ-1,1)-CHCOO] modified by [Cu(en)(HO)] fragments.[Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A novel Cu–azido complex modified hexa-CuII substituted sandwich-type phosphotungstate [Cu(en)2]{[Cu2(en)2(μ-1,1-N3)2(H2O)]2[Cu6(en)2(H2O)2(B-α-PW9O34)2]}·6H2O (1) (en=ethylene-diamine) has been prepared under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 1 displays a beautiful 1-D chain architecture constructed from sandwich-type [Cu2(en)2(μ-1,1-N3)2(H2O)]2[Cu6(en)2(H2O)2(B-α-PW9O34)2]2− units and [Cu(en)2]2+ linkers. To our knowledge, 1 represents the first hexa-CuII sandwiched phosphotungstate with supporting Cu–azido complexes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Thereaction of trivacant Keegin germanotungstate [A-α-GeW9O34]10–with Mn2+andCe4+cations in the presence of oxalate ligand under hydrothermalconditions led to the isolation of a novel organic–inorganichybrid 3d–4f heterometallic germanotungstate K4Na4[Ce2(ox)3(H2O)2]2{[Mn(H2O)3]2[Mn4(GeW9O34)2(H2O)2]·14H2O (1) (ox = oxalate),which has been characterizedby elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis,and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Interestingly, each tetra-MnII-substituted sandwich-type unit acts as 14-dentate ligandsto link eight Ce3+centers and six Mn2+centersfurther into a three-dimensional (3D) architecture. The 3D structurecan be considered as two parts: one is the two-dimensional layer formedby sandwich-type [Mn4(H2O)2(GeW9O34)2]12–fragmentsand Mn2+linkers; the other layer is constructed from Ce3+cations and oxalate bridges, and the two layers are combinedtogether alternately through W–O–Ce–O–Wlinkers, resulting in the 3D framework. Notably, 1exhibitsthe first 3d–4f 3D organic–inorganic hybrid frameworkconstructed by sandwich-type TM-substituted polyoxoanions and mixed3d and 4f metal linkers in POM chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four organic–inorganic hybrid monolacunary Keggin polyoxotungstate-based 3d–4f heterometallic derivatives [Cu(en)2(H2O)]2[Tb(α-HSiW11O39)(H2O)3]·12H2O (1), [Cu(en)2(H2O)]2[Eu(α-HGeW11O39) (H2O)3]·12H2O (2), Na2[Cu(en)2(H2O)]4[Sm(α-PW11O39)(CH3COO)(H2O)]2·10H2O (3) and [Cu(en)2 (H2O)]5[Cu(en)2][Tb(α-GeW11O39)(CH3COO)(H2O)]2·14H2O (4) (en = ethylenediamine) have been hydrothermally prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, thermogravimetric (TG) analyses and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. 1 and 2 are isomorphic and exhibit the interesting one-dimensional chain arrangements built by monovacant-lanthanide substituted Keggin-type [Ln(α-HXW11O39)(H2O)3]4− (Ln = TbIII, EuIII; X = SiIV, GeIV) units via W–O–Ln–O–W bridges whereas 3 and 4 display typical organic–inorganic hybrid dimeric structures consisting of [(α-XW11O39)Ln(H2O)(η2,μ-1,1)-CH3COO]210/12− units modified by [Cu(en)2(H2O)]2+ fragments. To the best of our knowledge, 1 and 2 represent the rare 1D chain-like monovacant Keggin-type 3d–4f heterometallic polyoxotungstates containing both unusual 1 : 1 [Ln(α-XW11O39)]4/5− units and en ligands, whereas 3 and 4 represent the first monovacant Keggin-type phosphotungstates or germanotungstates containing both 3d–4f heterometals and mixed ligands of en and acetate. Furthermore, the variable-temperature magnetic susceptibilities of 1 and 3 have been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel one-dimensional (1D) organic–inorganic hybrid oxalate-bridging Cu–Tb heterometallic phosphotungstate [Cu(en)2(H2O)][Cu(en)2][Tb(α-PW11O39)(H2O)2(ox)Cu(en)]·6H2O (1) with mixed organic ligands of ox and en (ox = oxalate, en = ethylenediamine) has been hydrothermally synthesized. Notably, it represents the first oxalate-bridging Ln–TM heterometallic hybrid built by oxalate-bridging terbium-substituted phosphotungstate {[Cu(en)2]2[(α-PW11O39)Tb(H2O)2]2(μ-ox)}6− dimeric units and dinuclear copper(ii)–oxalate [Cu2(en)2(μ-ox)]2+ linkers. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate weak antiferromagnetic couplings within 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moranoline (1-Deoxynojirimycin, DNJ) is a piperidine alkaloid, and shows high inhibit activities to glucoamylase and α-glucosidase. One DNJ high-yield strain of Streptomyces lawendulae was obtained after isolated form soil and mutated with the ultra violet (UV) and ethyl sulfate (DES), which named as TB-412, and can produce DNJ with 35.925 mg/L. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the parameters of DNJ yield from S. lawendulae TB-412. The effects of independent variables of fermentation, including time, temperature, initial pH and the soluble starch content were investigated. The statistical analysis showed that the fermentation time, pH and the soluble starch content, and the quadratics of time, temperature, pH and the soluble starch content, as well as the interactions between fermentation time and pH, and time and the soluble starch content, showed significant effects on DNJ yield. The optimal process parameters for DNJ production within the experimental range of the variables researched was at 11d, 27 °C, pH 7.5, and 8% soluble starch content. At this condition, the DNJ yield was predicted to be 42.875 mg/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Three new sandwich-type polyoxotungstates (POTs) decorated by nickel-2,2′-bpy complexes [{Ni(2,2′-bpy)2(H2O)}2{Ni(2,2′-bpy)}2 {Ni4(H2O)2(B-α-XW9O34)2}]n− (X=PV, n=4 for 1; X=AsV, n=4 for 2; X=GeIV, n=4 for 3) (2,2′-bpy=2,2′-bipyridine) were successfully synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and magnetic properties. Single-crystal structural analyses indicate that 1 and 2 are isostructural and both crystallize in the monoclinic space group C2/c, whereas 3 belongs to the triclinic space group . To our knowledge, 1, 2 and 3 represent rare examples of the organic–inorganic hybrid sandwich-type polyoxometalates functionalized by multiple nickel-aromatic amine complexes. Magnetic measurements of 1 exhibit the presence of ferromagnetic interactions within the rhombic tetranuclear-NiII cluster. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A novel di-copperII-complex substituted monovacant Keggin polyoxotungstate [Cu(2,2′-bpy)(H2O)][H2PW11O39Cu2(2,2′-bpy)2(H2O)(OH)]·1.5H2O (1) (2,2′-bpy=2,2′-bipyridine) with a 1D polymeric chain has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. To our knowledge, 1 is the rare magnetic di-transition metal-complex substituted monovacant Keggin polyoxotungstate with a unique 1D dual-bridging chain structure. Its magnetic behavior has been quantitatively analyzed by the Bleaney–Bowers equation, indicating the presence of weak antiferromagnetic interactions within dinuclear CuII centers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Combination of in-situ generated monocopperII-substituted Keggin polyoxoanions with copperII–organoamine complexes under hydrothermal conditions results in seven inorganic–organic composite polyoxotungstates [Cu(en)2(H2O)]2{[Cu(en)2][α-PCuW11O39Cl]}·3H2O (1), {[Cu(en)2(H2O)][Cu(en)2]2[α-PCuW11O39Cl]}·6H2O (2), {[Cu(en)2(H2O)]2[Cu(en)2][α-XCuW11O39]}·5H2O (3/4, X=SiIV/GeIV), {[Cu(deta)(H2O)2]2[Cu(deta)(H2O)][α-XCuW11O39]}·5H2O (5/6, X=GeIV/SiIV) and [Cu(dap)2]2{[Cu(dap)2]2[Cu(dap)2][α-PCuW11O39]2} (7) (en=ethylenediamine, dap=1,2-diaminopropane and deta=diethylenetriamine). 1 is an isolated structure whereas 2 is a 1-D chain structure, but both contain [α-PCuW11O39Cl]6− polyoxoanions. 3–6 contain the 1-D linear chains made up of [α-XCuW11O39]6− polyoxoanions in the pattern of –A–A–A– (A=[α-XCuW11O39]6−), while 7 demonstrates the first 1-D zigzag chain constructed from [α-PCuW11O39]2 10− polyoxoanions via [Cu(en)2]2+ bridges in the pattern of –A–B–A–B– (A=[α-PCuW11O39]2 10−, B=[Cu(en)2]2+). The successful syntheses of 1–7 can provide some experimental evidences that di-/tri-/hexa-vacant polyoxoanions can be transformed into mono-vacant Keggin polyoxoanions under hydrothermal conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Two new Dawson-based phosphotungstates (H2en)0.5H[Cu(en)2(H2O)]2{[Cu(en)2](α 1-P2W17CuO61)}·8H2O (1) (en=ethylenediamine) and [4,4′-H2bpy]2{[Cu(4,4′-bpy)3][Cu(4,4′-bpy)4(H2O)2]2[Cu(4,4′-bpy)][α-P2W18O62]2}·6H2O (2) (4,4′-bpy=4,4′-bipyridine) have been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P−1 with a=11.7626(17), b=13.246(2), c=29.350(5)Å, α=87.355(5), β=79.583(5), γ=66.993(3)°, V=4138.3(11)Å3, Z=2, GOF=1.089, R 1=0.0563 and wR 2=0.1505, whereas 2 belongs to the orthorhombic space group Iba2 with a=22.277(8), b=47.04(2), c=22.153(8)Å, V=23215(17)Å3, Z=4, GOF=1.051, R 1=0.0627 and wR 2=0.1477. 1 consists of a 1-D linear chain structure constructed from monocopperII-substituted Dawson polyoxoanions, while 2 represents the first 2-D sheet-like structure with a (4,4)-connected topological net built up from plenary Dawson-type polyoxoanions and CuII-4,4′-bpy complex cations in polyoxometalate chemistry. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Three inorganic–organic composite sandwich-type phosphotungstates [Ni(tepa)(H2O)]4H2[Ni4(H2O)2(α-B-PW9O34)2]·8H2O (1), (enH2)3[Ni2(H2O)10][Ni4(H2O)2(α-B-PW9O34)2]·en·8H2O (2) and (enH2)10[Mn4(H2O)2(α-B-PW9O34)2]2·20H2O (3) (tepa=tetraethylenepentamine and en=ethylenediamine) have been synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction of the trivacant Keggin polyoxoanion [α-A-PW9O34]9− with Ni2+ or Mn2+ ions in the presence of tepa or en and structurally characterized by IR spectra, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and variable temperature magnetic susceptibility. X-ray crystallographic analyses indicate that they all contain the classical tetra-M sandwiched polyoxoanions [M 4(H2O)2(α-B-PW9O34)2]10− (M=Ni2+ or Mn2+) and nickel-organoamine cations or organoamine cations work as the charge balance ions. The tetra-M clusters in 1, 2 and 3 exhibit the familiar structural type of a β-junction at the sites of metal incorporation. The study of magnetic property of 1 is indicative of a typical ferromagnetic coupling between Ni2+ cations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A new B-Anderson-type heteropoly compound [Cu 2 (phen) 2 (CH 3 COO) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] [HAl(OH) 6 (Mo 6 O 18 )]&ThickSpace;·&ThickSpace;2.5H 2 O containing binuclear copper(II) coordination ions has been synthesized by reaction of AlCl 3 &ThickSpace;·&ThickSpace;6H 2 O, Na 2 MoO 4 &ThickSpace;·&ThickSpace;2H 2 O, glacial acetic acid, 1,10-phenanthroline and CuCl 2 &ThickSpace;·&ThickSpace;2H 2 O in methanol--water mixed solution and characterized by IR, UV-Vis spectra, TG-DTA analysis and X-ray crystallography. From X-ray single-crystal structural analysis, the title compound crystallizes in a triclinic lattice, P space group, with a &ThickSpace;=&ThickSpace;13.379(3), b &ThickSpace;=&ThickSpace;17.388(4), c &ThickSpace;=&ThickSpace;18.063(4)&ThickSpace;Å, α&ThickSpace;=&ThickSpace;85.97(3), β&ThickSpace;=&ThickSpace;69.79(3), γ&ThickSpace;=&ThickSpace;69.22(3)°, V &ThickSpace;=&ThickSpace;3680.4(13)&ThickSpace;Å 3 , Z &ThickSpace;=&ThickSpace;2, R 1 &ThickSpace;=&ThickSpace;0.0797, wR 2 &ThickSpace;=&ThickSpace;0.1787. In the title compound, the two Cu 2+ coordination cations are combined with each other through two acetate bridges and have five-coordinate, distorted square-pyramid geometry with N2O3 bonding at each metal. In addition, there are also two crystallographically independent ‘one-half&ThickSpace;’ Anderson-type polyanions in the title compound lattice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of the mono-lacunary silicotungstate ligand α-K8SiW11O39 · 13H2O with praseodymiumIII cation results in a new Keggin-type derivative K3[(Pr(H2O)4SiW11O39)(NaPr2(H2O)12)(Pr(H2O)4SiW11O39)] · 13.5H2O (1), whose polyanion consists of two crystallographically distinct [Pr(H2O)4SiW11O39]5- building block units and one [NaPr2(H2O)12]7+ subunit, which are connected by alternating praseodymium and sodium centers via the terminal and bridging oxygen atoms from the precursor [α-SiW11O39]8- to construct a 1D infinitely chainlike structure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common infectious diseases globally. The surfactant protein C (SFTPC), which is involved in innate immunity and surfactant function in the lung, may contribute toward the progression of TB. The aim of the present study was to preliminarily investigate the possible association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SFTPC gene with TB susceptibility and clinical phenotypes in a Western Chinese Han population. The improved multiplex ligation detection reaction method was used to genotype 6 SNPs in SFTPC, in 900 patients with TB and 1,534 healthy control subjects. It was found that the A allele for rs1124 and the C allele for rs8192313 were associated with increased susceptibility to TB, P=0.024 and P=0.045, respectively. However, these two P-values were not significant following Bonferroni correction. In all samples, the haplotype [CGA], representing three SFTPC variants, was revealed to increase the risk of TB (P=0.001 and P=0.005, following Bonferroni correction). Furthermore, patients with the AA genotype for rs1124 and with the CC genotype for rs8192313 were associated with higher levels of C-reactive protein (P=0.001 and P=0.005, respectively). The results of the present study indicated that the SFTPC SNPs may increase the susceptibility to TB and the immune response of the host to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and may potentially be novel biomarkers for the pathogenesis of TB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A novel polyoxotungstate cluster (H2en)2.5H9[Fe6Ge3W24O94(H2O)2]·14H2O (1) (en=ethylenediamine) has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by IR, TGA and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The polyoxoanion skeleton of 1 is composed of two tri-FeIII substituted B-α-(Fe3GeW9O40) Keggin units connected by an unique hexavacant GeW6O26 Keggin fragment, leading to the first Fe(III)-containing banana-shaped tungstogermanate. Magnetic measurements of 1 reveal that the exchange interactions within the trimetal clusters are antiferromagnetic. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Mast cells play a significant role in urticaria pathogenesis. It's evidenced that vitamin D has positive impact in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) recently, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer/mass spectrometer was used to detect the expression of proteins in sera of CSU patients and healthy subjects. Thirty-one differentially expressed proteins were identified, in which vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) was higher in CSU patients than that in healthy subjects after verification. Our results indicated that sera of CSU patients induced the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in mast cells through PI3K/Akt/p38 MAPK/HIF-1α axis in an IgE-depended way, and 25(OH)D 3 suppressed the expression of VEGF by inhibiting this signaling pathway axis in this process. Collectively, these results suggest VDBP to be a potential biomarker and propose a potential mechanism of benefit for vitamin D therapy in CSU. Vitamin D can suppress the production of VEGF in mast cell by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/p38 MAPK/HIF-1α in chronic spontaneous urticaria: we analyzed the protein profile in serum of CSU, investigated the sera-induced VEGF expression in mast cell and the inhibition of vitamin D in it. CSU, chronic spontaneous urticaria; VDBP, vitamin D binding protein; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor. Unlabelled Image • VDBP would be a potential biomarker for the chronic spontaneous urticaria. • 25(OH)D 3 suppressed the expression of VEGF induced by high-IgE sera of urticaria. • 25(OH)D 3 in urticaria acted through PI3K/Akt/p38 MAPK/HIF-1α pathway. • Vitamin D can facilitate the therapy of the chronic spontaneous urticaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

with the advances in Polygonatum research, there is a huge interest in harnessing the valuable functional ingredients of this genus with the potential for functional foods. This review emphasizes the different aspects of Ploygonatum based research starting from its bioactive compounds, their structural characterization, various extraction methods, as well as biological activities. in view of its integral use as an essential medicinal plant, our review emphasizes on its promising food applications both as an ingredient and as a whole food, and its improved health benefits with potential for agricultural and environmental relevance are also discussed. As we collated the recent research information, we present the main challenges and limitations of the current research trend in this area which can upgrade the further expansion of Polygonatum-related research that will strengthen its economic and accessible nutritional value in the food and health industries. By highlighting the need for the unattended species, this review not only fills existing research gaps, but also encourages the researchers to find new avenues for the natural production of bio-based functional materials and the development of highly functional and health-promoting foods for disease prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyoxometalates A series of mixed‐valence Mn6‐sandwiched polyoxometalates (POMs) with SMM behavior have been hydrothermally made, in which the covalently functionalized Mn6 cluster via organic ligands are first observed in POMs. For more details, see the Full Paper by J.‐W. Zhao, G.‐Y. Yang, H.‐S. Liu et al. on page 12322 ff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new spectinabilin derivative (1) was isolated from the fermentation broth of the ant-derivedStreptomycessp. 1H-GS5, and the structure was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compound1showed cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines A549, HCT-116, and HepG2 with IC50values of 9.7, 12.8, and 9.1 μg/ml, respectively, which was relative higher than that of spectinabilin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Review: [267 refs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six new lanthanide (Ln) germanate cluster organic frameworks (LnGeCOFs) derived from {Ln8Ge12} cage cluster units {[Nd(pza)2(H2O)] [Nd8Ge12(μ3-O)24E12(pza)(H2O)12]}·3H2O (1), {[Dy(CH3COO)(CO3)(H2O)]2[Dy8Ge12(μ3-O)24E12(H2O)12]}·11H2O (2), {[TbGeE(HO)2O(pza) (H2O)]2[Tb8Ge12(μ3-O)24E12(H2O)6]}·18H2O (3), {[DyGeE(HO)2O(C3H5NO2)(H2O)]2[Dy8Ge12(μ3-O)24E12(H2O)8]}·8H2O (4), {[Tb(pca)2 (H2O)]3[Tb8Ge12(μ3-O)24E12(H2O)4]}·(OH)3·10H2O (5) and {[Dy(pza)2(H2O)][Dy(pza)2(H2O)2][Dy(pza)3(H2O)][Dy8Ge12(μ3-O)24E12(pza)(HCOO) (H2O)6]}·5H2O (6) have been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. Increasing the amount of the second ligands can induce not only the assembly from 1 to 5, 6 based on Ln oxides as the starting sources, but also the assembly from 2 to 3, 4 based on Ln salts as the starting sources. The successful preparation of these LnGeCOFs suggests the importance of the second ligands in the structural construction of 1–6. To our knowledge, 1 is the first example that includes right- and left-handed helical chains among LnGeCOFs based on bis(carboxyethylgermanium)sesquioxide. 2, 4 and 6 are the first dysprosium incorporated organogermanates based on bis(carboxyethylgermanium)sesquioxide. 4 and 5 display very open framework structures with a solvent-accessible volume of 34.6% for 4 and 35.0% for 5. Moreover, the solid-state photoluminescence properties of 1, 3 and 5 have been investigated at room temperature and they exhibit the characteristic emission bands derived from Ln cations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two organic–inorganic hybrid pillared-layer lanthanide borates, [Ln2B8O12(bdc)3(H2O)]·H2O (Ln = Pr, 1; Nd, 2; H2bdc = 1,4-benzene dicarboxylic acid), have been made, in which inorganic layers are built by Ln-centred oxoboron ring clusters, Ln@B12O28/Ln@B12O29, while the pillars are organic bdc linkers. Interestingly, two types of linkages, Ln–O–C and B–O–C bonds, exist in the structures, showing firstly novel linking modes between inorganic polyborate and organic dicarboxylate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new compounds (IV) and (V) crystallize isotypically in the tetragonal space group P4/mnc with Z = 2 (powder and single crystal XRD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dark green block crystals of the new compound [Cu(en)2]{ [Cu2(en)2(N3)2(H2O)] 2 [Cu6(en)2(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2]}·6H2O are hydrothermally synthesized by the self-assembly reaction of Na8[A-β-HPW9O34], Cu(NO3)2, en, NaN3, and H2O (autoclave, 120 °C, 5 d). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel 3-connected SrSi2-type 3D chiral framework constructed from hexa-NiII-cluster-substituted polyoxometalate (POM) units [Ni(enMe)2]3[WO4]3[Ni6(enMe)3(OH)3PW9O34]2⋅9H2O ( 1) (enMe=1,2-diaminopropane) has been made from a hydrothermal synthetic method. This POM represents the first 3D framework based on {Ni6PW9} units and {WO4} connectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three novel hexa-Ni-substituted Dawson phosphortungstates [Ni6(en)3(H2O)6(μ3-OH)3(H3P2W15O56)] ⋅14 H2O ( 1), [Ni(enMe)2(H2O)][Ni6(enMe)3(μ3-OH)3(H2O)6(HP2W15O56)] ⋅ 10 H2O ( 2), and [Ni(enMe)2]3[Ni(enMe)2(H2O)][Ni(enMe)(H2O)2][Ni6(enMe)3(μ3-OH)3(Ac)2(H2O)(P2W15O56)]2 ⋅6 H2O ( 3) (en=ethylenediamine, enMe=1, 2-diaminopropane, Ac=CH3COO−) have been made under hydrothermal conditions and were characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The common structural features of compounds 1- 3 contain the similar hexa-Ni-substituted Dawson polyoxometalate (POM) units that can be viewed as a [Ni6(μ3-OH)3]9+ cluster capping on a [P2W15O56]12− fragment. Compounds 1 and 2 are two isolated clusters, whereas compound 3 is the first 3D POM framework constructed from hexa-Ni-substituted Dawson POM units and Ni(enMe) complex bridges. The preparations of compounds 1- 3 not only indicate that triangle coplanar Ni6 clusters are very stable fragments in both trivacant Keggin and trivacant Dawson POM systems, but also offer that the hydrothermal technique can act as an effective strategy for making novel Dawson-type high-nuclear transition-metal cluster substituted POMs by combination of lacunary Dawson precusors with transition-metal cations in the tunable role of organic ligands. In addition, magnetic measurements illustrate that there exist overall ferromagnetic interactions in compound 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rosmarinic acid (RA) has biological and pharmaceutical properties and shows hepatoprotective potential. However, the hepatoprotective mechanism of RA needs to be further elucidated in vivo and in vitro. Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the protective effect of RA on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury and elucidate the hepatoprotective mechanism of RA in vivo and in vitro. Design: In vivo, the mice were orally administrated with RA (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg bw) daily for 28 consecutive days, and 1% CCl4 (5 mL/kg bw, dissolved in peanut oil) was used to induce liver injury. In vitro, the big rat liver (BRL) hepatocytes were pretreated with RA (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/mL) for 3 h, and then the hepatocytes were treated with CC14 (final concentration, 14 mM) for 3 h to induce cell injury. The related indexes, including hepatic function, oxidative stress, protein expression of nuclear-factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, inflammation, histopathological change, hepatocyte apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential, were evaluated. Results: Oral administration of RA to mice considerably decreased the CCl4-induced elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triacylglycerols (TG), total cholesterol (TC), total bilirubin (TBIL), hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8). RA also increased the levels of hepatic glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) and the protein expressions of Nrf2, quinine oxidoreductase (NQO1), and heme oxygenease-1 (HO-1). Histopathological examinations indicated that RA (20 and 40 mg/kg bw) alleviated the liver tissue injury induced by CCl4. Moreover, RA inhibited the hepatocyte apoptosis caused by CCl4 based on TUNEL assay. In vitro, RA pretreatment remarkably recovered the cell viability and reduced the CCl4-induced elevation of AST, ALT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ROS, and 8-OHdG. Immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated that pretreatment with RA markedly inhibited the expression of IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and Caspase-3 in CCl4-treated hepatocytes. Additionally, RA pretreatment significantly decreased the elevation of mitochondrial membrane potential in CCl4-treated hepatocytes. Conclusions: RA exerted a protective effect against CCl4-induced liver injury in mice through activating Nrf2 signaling pathway, reducing antioxidant damage, suppressing inflammatory response, and inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis. RA could attenuate BRL hepatocyte ROS production, DNA oxidative damage, inflammatory response, and apoptosis induced by CCl4 exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have examined the relative efficacy of the Maillard reaction products (MRPs) prepared by reacting chitosan with xylose, fructose, or glucose for their antimicrobial activities and preservation of fresh-cut beef. The MRPs exhibited broad spectrum antibacterial properties against E. coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activity of the three MRPs was dose dependent. Chitosan and its MRPs enhanced shelf life of fresh-cut beef as shown by changes in volatile base nitrogen, trimethylamine, and pH during storage. The order of their ability to preserve beef was fructose->glucose-MRPs>chitosan. Our results suggest that these MRPs could be used as novel promising preservatives in beef industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For improving the emergency capacities during road transportation accidents of dangerous goods, this paper divides the accident emergency procedure into four subsystems: accident information processing, personnel rescue and evacuation, vehicle evacuation, and rescue materials delivery. On this basis, the causal mechanism and the loop diagrams of the emergency process are established by using the System Dynamics Method and Vensim software. First, six factors including transportation distance, the degree of mechanical modernization, delay time of personnel control, delay time of traffic information release, command level coefficient, and delay time of department arrival are selected as parameters to test the model's sensitivity analysis. Then, the influences of the abovementioned factors on the observed value, such as the demand gap of on-site materials, number of people in safe area, number of vehicles in safe area, amount of disposal information, and the dynamic evolution behavior of the system, are analyzed. The results show that the transportation distance is shortened by half, and the time to fill the demand gap is reduced by 39%. The level of mechanical modernization is doubled, the peak inventory of materials in transit will increase by 9.2%, and the time to reach the peak will be shortened by 6.8%. If the delay time of personnel control is shortened by 480 s, the number of people to be evacuated in accident area will be reduced by 56. The delay time of traffic information release is shortened by 480 s, the number of vehicles to be evacuated is reduced by 74, and the time when the vehicle stops entering accident area is 1646 s in advance. The command level coefficient increases by 9.5%, and the speed of action execution increases by 9.6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between postoperative bone marrow lesions (BMLs) and pain severity in patients undergoing open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO). We reviewed the patients undergoing OWHTO between April 2018 and April 2020. The demographic and clinical data of patients were collected. Clinically, VAS and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were used to assess pain level and functional outcomes of patients. The MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS) was used to assess the total BMLs size in medial tibiofemoral (MTF), lateral tibiofemoral (LTF), and patellofemoral (PF) joints. 98 patients were enrolled in the study, including 57 male and 41 female patients. The VAS scores improved significantly from 6.1 ± 0.8 to 1.5 ± 0.9 (p < 0.001), and all subscales of KOOS improved significantly after surgery (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the pre- and postoperative total BML size of PF and LTF joints (p > 0.05). We observed significant improvements in the total BML size of MTF joint (p < 0.001). The VAS scores and KOOS pain scores improved better in patients without postoperative MTF joint BMLs (p < 0.001). Postoperative MTF joint BMLs were correlated with postoperative VAS (p < 0.001) and KOOS pain (p < 0.001). Our study demonstrates that MTF joint BMLs improved significantly after OWTHO. We confirmed that the presence of postoperative MTF joint BMLs are strongly associated with pain severity. The greater the improvement in postoperative MTF joint BMLs, the less pain. Our findings provide valuable understandings of OWHTO in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and potential future directions for KOA treatment approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hierarchical aggregation of molecular nanostructures from multiple components is a grand synthetic challenge, which requires highly selective linkage control. We demonstrate how two orthogonal linkage groups, that is, organotin and lanthanide cations, can be used to drive the aggregation of a giant molecular metal oxide superstructure. The title compound {[(Sn(CH3)2)2O]4{[CeW5O18] [TeW4O16][CeSn(CH3)2]4[TeW8O31]4}2}46− (1 a) features dimensions of ca. 2.2×2.3×3.4 nm3 and a molecular weight of ca. 25 kDa. Structural analysis shows the hierarchical aggregation from several independent subunits. Initial biomedical tests show that 1 features an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HeLa cells based on an apoptosis pathway. In vivo experiments in mice reveal the antiproliferative activity of 1 and open new paths for further development of this new compound class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]