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The revival of the transmission dynamics of mosquito-borne diseases grants striking challenges to public health intensified by climate change worldwide. This inclusive review article examines multidimensional strategies and challenges linked to climate change and the epidemiology of mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever. It delves into how the biology, pathogenic dynamics, and vector distribution of mosquitoes are influenced by continuously rising temperatures, modified rainfall patterns, and extreme climatic conditions. We also highlighted the high likelihood of malaria in Africa, dengue in Southeast Asia, and blowout of Aedes in North America and Europe. Modern predictive tools and developments in surveillance, including molecular gears, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and remote sensing have boosted our capacity to predict epidemics. Integrated data management techniques and models based on climatic conditions provide a valuable understanding of public health planning. Based on recent data and expert ideas, the objective of this review is to provide a thoughtful understanding of existing landscape and upcoming directions in the control of mosquito-borne diseases regarding changing climate. This review determines emerging challenges and innovative vector control strategies in the changing climatic conditions to ensure public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkali–surfactant–polymer (ASP) flooding is one of the most effective and promising ways to enhance oil recovery (EOR). The synergistic effect between alkali, surfactant, and polymer can respectively promote emulsification performance, reduce interfacial tension, and improve bulk phase viscosity, thus effectively improving flooding efficiency. However, the displacement mechanism of ASP flooding and the contribution of different components to the oil displacement effect still need further discussion. In this study, five groups of chemical slugs were injected into the fracture model after water flooding to characterize the displacement effect of weak alkali, surfactant, polymer, and their binary/ternary combinations on residual oil. Additionally, the dominant mechanism of the ASP flooding system to improve the recovery was studied. The results showed that EOR can be improved through interfacial reaction, low oil/water interfacial tension (IFT), and increased viscosity. In particular, the synergistic effect of ASP includes sweep and oil washing. As for sweep, the swept volume is expanded by the interfacial reaction between the alkali and the acidic components in Daqing crude oil, and the polymer increases the viscosity of the system. As for oil washing, the surfactant generated by the alkali cooperates with surfactants to reduce the IFT to an ultra-low level, which promotes the formation and migration of oil-in-water emulsions and increases the efficiency of oil washing. Overall, ASP can not only activate discontinuous oil ganglia in the pores within the water flooding range, but also emulsify, decompose, and migrate the continuous residual oil in the expanded range outside the water flooding. The EOR of ASP is 38.0% higher than that of water flooding. Therefore, the ASP system is a new ternary composite flooding technology with low cost, technical feasibility, and broad application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand the effects of climate warming on soil nematode communities in the alpine meadow of northern Tibet, a 3-year simulated warming experiment was conducted in the alpine meadow plot of Nagqu Ecological Environment Comprehensive Observation and Research Station of Tibet University-Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nagqu County, Tibet. The results showed that warming decreased soil nematode density, increased soil evenness (J'), and changed the spatial distribution and seasonal dynamics of soil nematode communities. At the same time, warming also changed the species composition of soil nematode community. Genera such as Longidorella emerged after warming, while genera such as Nothotylenchus were more sensitive to heat and disappeared after warming. Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H') showed no significant change in biodiversity under simulated warming conditions. Warming resulted in an increase in phytophagous nematode bacteriophagous nematode species, a decrease in omnivorous/predatory nematode species, and no change in fungal nematode species. The change of community structure led to the change of ecosystem function. NCR values showed that warming promoted the degradation channel of soil organic matter dominated by bacteria. The trend of increasing MI value and decreasing PPI indicated that the adaptive ability of soil nematode community was gradually enhanced after the disturbance of warming, and the alpine meadow ecosystem tended to be more stable. The results can provide a reference for exploring the effects of climate change on soil processes in grassland ecosystems of the Tibetan Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]