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Background As the leading cause of death in the world, cardiovascular diseases pose a serious threat to human health. Diet has attracted much attention as an important intervention, but the effect of carbohydrates on cardiovascular disease is unknown. Objective To analyze the evidence of the correlation between carbohydrate intake and cardiovascular disease risk. Methods Wanfang Data, CNKI, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase were searched by computer for randomized controlled trials on the risk of carbohydrates and cardiovascular disease published from inception to January 2023. Two researchers performed literature screening, data extraction, and quality evaluation separately. RevMan 5.3 was used for data analysis. Results A total of 16 randomized trials were included. Carbohydrate could significantly reduce triglyceride level by 0.17 mmol/L (95%CI=-0.24--0.10, P

[Objective] With the implementation of the “dual carbon” strategic goals, China is experiencing a rapid increase in natural gas demand. However, the occurrence of leakage accidents in pipelines carrying this flammable and explosive gas poses potential threats, including casualties, environmental pollution, and economic losses. As a result, the research on detecting leaks in natural gas pipelines becomes particularly significant. [Methods] Utilizing the Gaussian plume model and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with methane concentration sensors, this study employed the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method based on Bayesian inference to determine the positions and rates of leakage sources along natural gas pipelines. The inverse computation method of gas source intensity, relying on probability statistics, was employed to calculate leakage parameter intervals with the highest probability. To verify the effectiveness of the MCMC algorithm in identifying leakage sources in natural gas pipelines, gas leakage simulations were conducted in a scenario featuring continuous leakage accidents of overhead natural gas pipelines. [Results] The MCMC algorithm demonstrated its effectiveness in calculating the positions and rates of leakage in natural gas pipelines. However, its success rate declined due to increasing overall errors. Nonetheless, data cleaning greatly enhanced the algorithm’s ability to adapt to errors, with a success rate exceeding 90% when supported by data cleaning. In contrast, the success rates gradually declined without any data processing. By applying inverse computation of hazardous gas source intensity to leakage detection, more accurate results were obtained regarding the positions and rates of pipeline leakage. It was observed that when the initial points were distant from the actual leakage source, the algorithm’s performance diminished. Hence,a rational selection of the initial point proved beneficial for the overall operation of the algorithm. [Conclusion] The combined approach involving the MCMC algorithm and UAVs equipped with methane concentration sensors effectively enables the simultaneous identification of leakage positions and rates in natural gas pipelines. The findings of this study hold significant importance for facilitating emergency response measures to leakage accidents.

【Objective】 Based on the semi-distributed water balance simulation model and the Pareto genetic algorithm, a coupled simulation-optimization model for multi-water resources distribution was constructed to improve water management in irrigated areas. 【Method】 The water diversion ratio of different water resources were taken as the decision variables, the coupled model was used to optimize the allocation of multi-water resources in typical years and long time series in the irrigated rice area in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. The objectives of the optimization were to minimize water cost, maximize water use efficiency and keep groundwater table within a constrained range. 【Result】 ① Water distribution obtained by the model for typical years can deal with complex relationship between different objective functions, and the multi-water resources distribution schemes for different objectives are obtained; ② Multi-water resource optimal distribution in long time series can regulate water resources in irrigated areas between years, control water cost, improve water use efficiency, and control groundwater level to achieve dynamic balance between groundwater usage and recharge. ③ By adjusting the objective functions, the model worked out the multi-water resources distribution schemes to rise groundwater table. Compared with the existing water distribution scheme, the water use efficiency of the optimal scheme under conventional irrigation and controlled irrigation are basically unchanged, but the water cost are reduced by 4.3% and 23.8%, respectively, and groundwater recharge are increased by 0.52×105 m3/hm2 and 1.73×105 m3/hm2, respectively. 【Conclusion】 With the comprehensive consideration of water use efficiency and cost, the simulation-optimization model can obtain multi-water resources distribution schemes, which are conducive to the sustainable use of groundwater in irrigated districts, and provide technical support for irrigation districts’ multi-water resources distribution.

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of botulinum toxin (BTX) injections for managing motor disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). An electronic search was conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data from available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing BTX injections for motor disorders in PD patients were extracted for meta‐analysis. Ultimately, 215 patients from eight RCTs were enrolled. Pooled analyses indicated that BTX was more effective than placebo in improving tremor (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.96, 95% CI [0.34, 1.58], p < 0.01), whereas no notable differences were observed between BTX and placebo regarding freezing of gait (SMD = 0.66, 95% CI [−0.26, 1.58], p = 0.162), United Parkinson's Disease Rate Scale (UPDRS) III score (SMD = −0.20, 95% CI [−1.17, 0.76], p = 0.68) and clinical global impression (CGI) score (SMD = 0.84, 95% CI [−0.74, 2.42], p = 0.298). Adverse events related to BTX injections were comparable to placebo (OR = 1.74, 95% CI [0.59, 5.14], p = 0.32). The current evidence suggests that BTX is effective and safe in treating PD tremor but fails to provide therapeutic benefits for freezing of gait and motor functional scores in PD patients. Furthermore, the limited number of included studies and heterogeneity in BTX intervention protocols suggest more research is needed, with additional standardized RCTs, to better understand and optimize BTX injections for motor disorders in PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceracris nigricornis Walker is an insect of the Acrididae, which can harm bamboo, rice, corn, sorghum and other crops, and can cause serious economic losses. In this study, based on 234 occurrence sites of C. nigricornis obtained from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and literature, and data of three future climate scenarios presented by CMIP6, two niche models (GARP, MaxEnt) were used to predict the suitable area of C. nigricornis in China. The result shows that the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of C. nigricornis are min temperature of coldest month (bio6), mean temperature of coldest quarter (bio11), precipitation of driest month (bio14) and precipitation of wettest quarter (bio16). From the result of MaxEnt model, it can be seen that the suitable area of C. nigricornis in China is 128.91 × 104 km2 under current scenario. It will decrease by 3.19% in the 2050s and then increase by 12.04% in the 2090s under the SSP1‐2.6 scenario, increase by 5.79% in the 2050s and then decrease by 7.53% in the 2090s under the SSP2‐4.5 scenario, and increase by 33.03% in 2050s and then decrease by 23.31% in the 2090s under SSP5‐8.5 scenario. From the result of GARP model, it can be seen that the suitable area of C. nigricornis in China is 166.09 × 104 km2 under current scenario. It will increase by 8.41% in 2050s and then continue to increase by 6.11% in 2090s under SSP1‐2.6 scenario, increase by 23.84% in the 2050s and then decrease by 0.88% in the 2090s under the SSP2‐4.5 scenario, and increase by 34.37% in 2050s and then decrease by 1.75% in 2090s under SSP5‐8.5 scenario. The boundaries of suitable areas will expand to the north and southwest of China under future climate change scenarios, specially in Sichuan, Chongqing and Yunnan. Local forestry authorities should strengthen the monitoring of bamboo forests to prevent the damage caused by the introduction of C. nigricornis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the rainfall-triggering mechanisms influencing loess landslides and developing targeted prevention and control strategies are critical challenges in engineering. This study focused on a representative landslide-prone area in Huxian County, Xi'an, China, and field experiments involving artificial rainfall simulations were conducted. Utilizing the annual rainfall statistics for Huxian County, three distinct rainfall scenarios—light, moderate, and heavy—were established. The aim was to explore the correlation between internal pore water pressure and temporal and depth-related changes during the postrainfall stage. At the same time, reflective patches were placed on the slope and total stations were used to monitor the impact of different rainfall intensities on slope displacement. Based on the field data, a three-dimensional simulation validation was executed using Surfer software. Our findings suggest that increasing rainfall intensity directly correlates with higher internal pore water pressure. As the rainfall persisted, the daily amplitude of pore water pressure initially surged before moderating, ultimately exhibiting a logarithmic trend with depth. The effective influence depths of the daily amplitude of pore water pressure during light, moderate, and heavy rainfall stages were found to be 1.6, 2.2, and 5.0 m, respectively. Following cessation of the rainfall, the surface pore water pressure underwent substantial change, and the daily amplitude rapidly declined before stabilizing. Slope displacement consistently increased from the summit to the base throughout the rainfall stages, with the base being most susceptible to sliding instability. The maximum displacement at the foot of the slope was in Columns 3–5, with a maximum displacement value of 1,158 mm. Proximity to the slope's base correlated with greater gravitational and downward forces. Specific maximum displacement values were recorded at different locations along the slope, revealing the most significant changes along the slope's centerline. This work will contribute to the effective management and landslide prevention of loess slopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Both genetics and vitamin D deficiency are associated with childhood obesity. However, the role of vitamin D status between polygenic and childhood obesity has been unknown. The current study aimed to determine the relation between genetic factors, vitamin D status, and BMI-for-age z score (zBMI) in Chinese preschool children. Methods: A total of 1046 participants aged 3.7 to 6.6 years old from the Long-term Health Effects Assessment Project of Infants and Toddlers Nutritional Pack (LHEAPITNP) were included in this study. The polygenic risk score (PRS) was established based on 55 BMI-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from a published genome-wide association study (GWAS) for BMI. Serum 25(OH)D was used as an index of vitamin D status and measured with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) assay. The Wilcoxon test or Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the differences of variables between different groups and Spearman correlation analysis was used for analyzing the correlations between the PRS, 25(OH)D levels, and zBMI. Results: The PRS showed a positive relation to zBMI (rs = 0.0953, p = 0.0022) and 25(OH)D showed a negative relation to zBMI (rs = −0.1082, p = 0.0005) in the full-adjustment model. In addition, the differences in zBMI at different vitamin D statuses in the low-risk PRS group and the intermediate-risk PRS group were both statistically significant (plow = 0.0308, pintermediate = 0.0121), the median zBMI was both higher at vitamin D insufficiency status. And the difference in zBMI between different genetic risk groups was also statistically significant at vitamin D sufficiency status (p = 0.0077). Furthermore, genetic risk showed a positive relation to zBMI at vitamin D sufficiency status, and the p for trend was 0.0028. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that vitamin D was related to zBMI negatively in Chinese preschoolers and maintaining adequate vitamin D levels may only contribute to lower the zBMI in preschoolers with low and intermediate genetic susceptibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]