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The strategies for optimizing the morphology/structure and regulating the active sites of materials are effective ways to improve their electrocatalytic performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and electrooxidation reaction. Herein, we demonstrate a facile strategy for constructing a NiO/NiCo2O4 porous nanowire catalyst on nickel foam (NiO/NiCo2O4/NF) as a bifunctional electrocatalyst to enhance the electrocatalytic performance for coupling the HER with the glucose oxidation reaction (GOR). Benefiting from the unique 1D porous nanowire structure and enhanced interfacial synergistic effect of the bicomponent catalyst, optimized NiO/NiCo2O4/NF-300 exhibited remarkable electrocatalytic activities for the GOR and HER with low potentials of 1.128 V and 0.212 V, respectively, at 100 mA cm−2. Moreover, the GOR exhibited a high yield of 72% for formic acid. This study provides a promising and simple strategy for the construction of 1D NiO/NiCo2O4 porous nanowire electrocatalysts with rich heterogeneous interfaces and paves a facile pathway for accelerating biomass electrochemical reaction-assisted hydrogen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telocytes (TCs) are distinctive interstitial cells due to their characteristic structures and heterogeneity. They are suggested to participate in tissue repair/regeneration. TCs have been identified in many organs of various mammals. However, data on TCs in lower animals are still very limited. In this work, TCs were identified in the myocardium of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) by light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The structural relationships between TCs and neighbouring cell types were measured using the ImageJ (FiJi) morphometric software. TCs with slender Tps (telepodes) were located around cardiomyocytes (CMC). TEM revealed TCs with long Tps in the stroma between CMC. The homocellular tight junctions were observed between the Tps. The Tps were also very close to the neighbouring CMC. The distance between Tps and CMC was 0.15 ± 0.08 μm. Notably, Tps were observed to adhere to the periphery of the satellite cells. The Tps and the satellite cells established heterocellular structural connections by tight junctions. Additionally, Tps were frequently observed in close proximity to mast cells (MCs). The distance between the Tps and the MCs was 0.19 ± 0.09 μm. These results confirmed that TCs are present in the myocardium of the bullfrog, and that TCs established structural relationships with neighbouring cell types, including satellite cells and MCs. These findings provide the anatomical evidence to support the note that TCs are involved in tissue regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carriere) J. Houz.) is a major giant bamboo species. Unreasonable fertilization and nitrogen (N) loss is a serious problem. A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of application methods (furrow and hole) and depths (0-20 and 20-40 cm) on ammonia (N[H.sub.3]) volatilization and N runoff losses from June to December, 2015. Ammonia volatilization was detected as a single peak curve after fertilization. Three weeks later, fluxes of all fertilization treatments were similar to those of the control and remained stable. After the experiment, the cumulative N[H.sub.3] volatilization was 17.2-21.4 kg x [ha.sup.-1]. Approximately 90% of N[H.sub.3] volatilization occurred within the first two weeks. The N[H.sub.4.sup.+]-N loss was higher than the N[O.sub.3.sup.-]-N loss, and the total runoff losses were relatively low. For the same application method, with the increase of application depth, the N[H.sub.3] volatilization and N runoff losses reduced; for the same application depth, the N[H.sub.3] volatilization and N runoff losses after furrow application were lower than those after hole application. Therefore, the deep and furrow application methods were effective in reducing N loss through N[H.sub.3] volatilization and runoff. In the present study, furrow application at a 20-40 cm depth has been appropriate for field practice. Key words: Phyllostachys edulis, fertilization method, fertilization depth, N[H.sub.3] volatilization, runoff. Le bambou moso (Phyllostachys edulis (Carriere) J. Houz.) est une importante espece de bambou geant. Une fertilisation deraisonnable et la perte d'azote (N) sont des problemes serieux. Une experience a ete realisee sur le terrain pour determiner les effets de la methode d'application (dans des sillons ou dans des trous) et de la profondeur (0-20 et 20-40 cm) sur la volatilisation de l'ammoniaque (N[H.sub.3]) et les pertes de N par ruissellement de juin a decembre 2015. La volatilisation de N[H.sub.3] a ete detectee par l'unique sommet dans la courbe apres la fertilisation. Trois semaines plus tard, les flux de tous les traitements de fertilisation etaient similaires a ceux du temoin et sont demeures stables par la suite. A la suite de l'experience, la volatilisation cumulative de N[H.sub.3] atteignait 17,2-21,4 kg x [ha.sup.-1]. Approximativement 90 % de la volatilisation de N[H.sub.3] est survenue durant les deux premieres semaines. La perte de N-N[H.sub.4.sup.+] etait plus elevee que la perte de N-N[O.sub.3.sup.-] et les pertes totales par ruissellement etaient relativement faibles. Pour la meme methode d'application, l'augmentation de la profondeur d'application a reduit la volatilisation de N[H.sub.3] et les pertes de N par ruissellement. Peu importe la profondeur d'application, la volatilisation de N[H.sub.3] et les pertes de N par ruissellement etaient moins elevees apres l'application dans des sillons plutot que dans des trous. Par consequent, l'application en profondeur dans des sillons etait efficace pour reduire les pertes de N par la volatilisation de N[H.sub.3] et le ruissellement. Dans le cadre de cette etude, la fertilisation dans des sillons a une profondeur de 20-40 cm etait appropriee pour la pratique sur le terrain. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : Phyllostachys edulis, methode de fertilisation, profondeur de fertilisation, volatilisation de N[H.sub.3], ruissellement., Introduction Bamboo forests are one of the important and widely spread forest types in Southern China. According to the 8th national forest inventory, bamboo forests cover an area of 6.0 [...]

Aiming at the problems of low accuracy of network attack prediction and long response time of attack detection, bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) was used to predict network attacks. However, BiLSTM has the problems of difficulty in parameter setting and low accuracy of the prediction model. This paper first proposes the Improved Grey Wolf algorithm (IGWO) to optimize the BiLSTM (IGWO-BiLSTM). First, IGWO uses Dimension Learning Hunting (DLH) strategy to construct the wolf neighborhood. In the established wolf neighborhood, the BiLSTM parameters are iteratively optimized to obtain a prediction model with fast convergence speed and small reconstruction error. Secondly, the dataset is preprocessed, and the IP packet statistical signature (IPDCF) is defined according to the characteristics of denial of service (DOS) and distributed denial of service (DDOS) attacks. IPDCF was used to establish the time series model and network traffic time series data were input into IGWO-BiLSTM to get the prediction results. Finally, the DOS and DDOS network packets were input into the trained prediction model to obtain the prediction results of attack data. By comparing the predicted values of IGWO-BiLSTM normal network packets and attack packets, a reasonable threshold is set to provide the basis for the subsequent attack prediction. Experiments show that the IGWO-BiLSTM can reach 99.05% of the fitting degree and accurately distinguish network attacks from normal network demand increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]