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Objective: To assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of standardized extract of Cotinus coggygria (C. coggygria) in different animal models. Methods: C. coggygria extracts (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) were administered to rats and mice (n=6) during hot plate, tail-flick, acetic acid-induced writhing, and formalin tests to determine its analgesic efficacy. The anti-inflammatory activity of C. coggygria extracts was evaluated by histamine and carrageenan-induced paw edema, cotton pellet-induced granuloma, and acetic acid-induced peritoneal capillary dye leakage tests. Results: C. coggygria extracts (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly alleviated thermal and chemical-induced pain in rodents (P

C31H28N2O2, triclinic, P1‾$P\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 9.0809(9) Å, b = 9.2626(9) Å, c = 14.8540(15) Å, α = 93.574(8)°, β = 98.554(8)°, γ = 99.558(8)°, V = 99.558(8) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0541, wRref(F2) = 0.1424, T = 293(2) K.

In this work, we have proposed a Continuous Constant Potential Model (CCPM) based on grand canonical density functional theory for describing the electrocatalytic thermodynamics on single atom electrocatalysts dispersed on graphene support. The linearly potential-dependent capacitance is introduced to account for the net charge variation of the electrode surface and to evaluate the free energetics. We have chosen the CO2 electro-reduction reaction on single-copper atom catalysts, dispersed by nitrogen-doped graphene [CuNX@Gra (X = 2, 4)], as an example to show how our model can predict the potential-dependent free energetics. We have demonstrated that the net charges of both catalyst models are quadratically correlated with the applied potentials and, thus, the quantum capacitance is linearly dependent on the applied potentials, which allows us to continuously quantify the potential effect on the free energetics during the carbon dioxide reduction reaction instead of confining it to a specific potential. On the CuN4@Gra model, it is suggested that CO2 adsorption, coupled with an electron transfer, is a potential determining step that is energetically unfavorable even under high overpotentials. Interestingly, the hydrogen adsorption on CuN4@Gra is extremely easy to occur at both the Cu and N sites, which probably results in the reconstruction of the CuN4@Gra catalyst, as reported by many experimental observations. On CuN2@Gra, the CO2RR is found to exhibit a higher activity at the adjacent C site, and the potential determining step is shifted to the *CO formation step at a wide potential range. In general, CCPM provides a simple method for studying the free energetics for the electrocatalytic reactions under constant potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crucial point of solar thermal utilization makes solar heat collector gathering much attention. In this study, imitating polar bears' fur structure, fluorescent materials are modified into a solar heat collector, and the photothermal conversion is evaluated to examine the influence of polyvinyl alcohol concentration, fluorescent luminescence type and fluorescence concentration. The test results indicate that fluorescent materials that has a greater Stokes shift show the greater photothermal effect. Moreover, when composed of a PVA concentration being 5.0% and a fluorescent concentration being 0.50%, the composites exhibit the maximal photothermal conversion temperature (99.4°C) that is 17.9% higher than that of the solar heat collectors without fluorescent materials. This study proposes creating solar heat collector with modified fluorescent materials, and the new perspective of which demonstrates that the composites have a great potential and application prospect in the solar photothermal field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are predisposed to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Bone mineral density (BMD) is linked to CVD, but most studies focused on women. Our analysis aims to explore the association of BMD and fracture with the prevalence of CVD in men with T2DM. Methods: In this retrospective cross‐sectional study, 856 men with T2DM were enrolled. BMDs at the lumbar spine (L2‐4), femoral neck (FN), and total hip (TH) were measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). The CVD outcome was determined as the sum of the following conditions: congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, the requirement for coronary artery revascularization, and stroke. The relationship between BMDs and CVD was investigated by restricted cubic spline curves and logistic regression models. Results: A total of 163 (19.0%) patients developed CVD. The restricted cubic spline curve revealed a linear and negative association between FN‐BMD, TH‐BMD, and CVD. After full adjustments for confounding covariates, the odds ratios were 1.34 (95% confidence interval [CI] [1.11–1.61], p <.05), 1.3 (95% CI [1.05–1.60], p <.05), and 1.26 (95% CI [1.02–1.55], p <.05) for each 1‐SD decrease in BMDs of L2‐4, FN and TH, respectively. T‐scores of < −1 for BMD of L2‐4 and FN were independently associated with CVD (p <.05). Subgroup analyses further supported our findings. Conclusions: The prevalence of CVD was inversely correlated with BMD levels in men with T2DM, particularly at the FN. We hypothesized that monitoring FN‐BMD and early intervention would help reduce CVD risk in men with T2DM, especially those with hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of heterogeneous myeloid clonal disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis. Accumulating evidence has shown that macrophages (MΦs) are important components in the regulation of tumor progression and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, the roles of bone marrow (BM) MΦs in regulating normal and malignant hematopoiesis in different clinical stages of MDS are largely unknown. Age‐paired patients with lower‐risk MDS (N = 15), higher‐risk MDS (N = 15), de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (N = 15), and healthy donors (HDs) (N = 15) were enrolled. Flow cytometry analysis showed increased pro‐inflammatory monocyte subsets and a decreased classically activated (M1) MΦs/alternatively activated (M2) MΦs ratio in the BM of patients with higher‐risk MDS compared to lower‐risk MDS. BM MФs from patients with higher‐risk MDS and AML showed impaired phagocytosis activity but increased migration compared with lower‐risk MDS group. AML BM MΦs showed markedly higher S100A8/A9 levels than lower‐risk MDS BM MΦs. More importantly, coculture experiments suggested that the HSC supporting abilities of BM MΦs from patients with higher‐risk MDS decreased, whereas the malignant cell supporting abilities increased compared with lower‐risk MDS. Gene Ontology enrichment comparing BM MΦs from lower‐risk MDS and higher‐risk MDS for genes was involved in hematopoiesis‐ and immunity‐related pathways. Our results suggest that BM MΦs are involved in ineffective hematopoiesis in patients with MDS, which indicates that repairing aberrant BM MΦs may represent a promising therapeutic approach for patients with MDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]