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The mass incident is an evolutionary game process involving multiple subjects. In this process, each subject has strategy space and payoff matrix in the state space. The subject can get different payoffs according to the feedback information from the environment and decide after comparing different payoffs. The entire process is called the evolutionary game of mass events. This paper will do the following research work: (1) analyzing the general process of mass incidents from the perspective of an evolutionary game; (2) constructing the evolutionary game model of mass incidents based on Q-learning; and (3) validating the model by using certain mass incidents.

Motivated by the industrial observation of the increasing application of blockchain in the supply chain and its improvement in terms of consumer demand, this study examines the impact of investment decisions of blockchain data acquisition nodes upstream and downstream of the supply chain on firms' product recycling and pricing, market demand, and profits. The influences of different pricing leadership (i.e. supplier-led vs. retailer-led) in a supply chain are also thoroughly investigated. First, the presence of a strong retailer dramatically reduces suppliers' incentive to invest in blockchain. However, the supplier is still likely to invest more in a retailer-led supply chain than that in a supply chain led by itself under certain conditions; that is, the cost of blockchain is relatively small, or consumers' sensitivity to blockchain or product recycling benefits is rather large. Second, the total number of blockchain data acquisition nodes, market demand, and supply chain profit in a retailer-led supply chain are higher than in a supplier-led supply chain. Finally, interestingly, the supplier will be better off in a retailer-led supply chain when the return effect of product recycling is relatively high, while the cost-effectiveness of blockchain investment is relatively low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon neutrality and resilience are two of important goals pursued by supply chains today. This study seeks to determine how carbon footprint reduction (CFR) can be achieved in a resilient supply chain from a process integration perspective. Based on contingency theory, we employed the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) approach to examine the critical influencing factors of process integration using evaluations from academic and professional experts. Our findings reveal that, first, at the strategic level, supply chain collaboration (SCC) and supply chain agility and responsiveness (SCAR) have the highest contributions to process integration. Second, process and control risks have the highest contributions in supply chain risk management; herein, collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment (CPFR) holds the highest contribution in the SCC, visibility and velocity have the highest contributions in the SCAR, and supply chain efficiency holds the highest contribution in supply chain flexibility (SCF). Finally, CPFR has a significant influence on both supplier and customer engagement, with supply chain intelligence influencing customer engagement in the SCC. Both the standardisation and parallel processes influence supplier spending in the SCF. These findings provide a new conceptual framework for empirical research and an action plan for supply chains to pursue carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In early November 2019, India announced its withdrawal from the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) Agreement, and stated that there is a non-reciprocal trade relationship with RCEP member states, this incident has aroused extensive discussions between India and the international community. We take reciprocity as the perspective and discuss the following three theoretical propositions: (1) Can the reciprocity coefficient be used as a basis for decision-making? (2) What is the influence mechanism of the reciprocity coefficient? (3) How will the reciprocity of RCEP changes in the future? We find that the reciprocity index is a result indicator of trade policy and trade network status. It is affected by the trade policy and trade status of related countries in the short term. It can be regarded as a warning and decision-making reference directional indicator. However, it cannot be used as a basic index for trade policy adjustments, India should reconsider this decision or choose other ways to participate in RCEP's regional cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]