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Purpose: To develop diagnostic recommendations for diffuse large B-cell vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) in Chinese patients. Methods: Retrospective observational case series. Seventy-three eyes of 40 VRL patients and 8 control patients were analyzed. Eighteen patients from Beijing Tongren Hospital and 46 patients from literature were involved as validations. Results: Diagnostic methods included (1) typical clinical manifestations; (2) vitreous cytology; (3) immunohistochemical examination of vitreous or choroid/retina; (4) aqueous humor or vitreous cytokine; (5) vitreous cell gene rearrangement; (6) vitreous flow cytometry. If patients meet (1)+(2)+(3), or if they meet (1), and two of (4), (5), (6) are positive, they can be diagnosed as VRL. The sensitivity and specificity values for accurate diagnosis were 0.975 and 1.00. One hundred percent eyes from Beijing Tongren Hospital and 92.7% eyes from literature can be diagnosed. Conclusion: We developed diagnostic recommendations for diffuse large B-cell VRL through vitreous cytology combined with multiple auxiliary examinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current diabetic retinopathy (DR) treatment involves blood glucose regulation combined with laser photocoagulation or intravitreal injection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies. However, due to the complex pathogenesis and cross‐interference of multiple biochemical pathways, these interventions cannot block disease progression. Recognizing the critical role of the retinal microenvironment (RME) in DR, it is hypothesized that reshaping the RME by simultaneously inhibiting primary and secondary blood–retinal barrier (BRB) injury can attenuate DR. For this, a glucose‐responsive hydrogel named Cu‐PEI/siMyD88@GEMA‐Con A (CSGC) is developed that effectively delivers Cu‐PEI/siMyD88 nanoparticles (NPs) to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The Cu‐PEI NPs act as antioxidant enzymes, scavenging ROS and inhibiting RPE pyroptosis, ultimately blocking primary BRB injury by reducing microglial activation and Th1 differentiation. Simultaneously, MyD88 expression silence in combination with the Cu‐PEI NPs decreases IL‐18 production, synergistically reduces VEGF levels, and enhances tight junction proteins expression, thus blocking secondary BRB injury. In summary, via remodeling the RME, the CSGC hydrogel has the potential to disrupt the detrimental cycle of cross‐interference between primary and secondary BRB injury, providing a promising therapeutic strategy for DR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we mainly research Rota-Baxter co-operators on commutative Hopf algebras. We get a new Hopf algebra and some Hopf co-braces via Rota-Baxter co-operators on commutative Hopf algebras. Finally, we generalize Rota-Baxter co-operators to relative Rota-Baxter co-operators of Hopf algebras, construct a Hopf cobrace by a relative Rota-Baxter co-operator of commutative Hopf algebra, and establish the relation of relative Rota-Baxter co-operators and bijective 1-cocycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the age‐standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and temporal trends for hip, knee, hand, and other osteoarthritis (OA) at a global, continental, and national level. Design: The estimates and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for case number and ASPR of OA were derived from the Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2019. The joinpoint regression analysis was utilized to examine the temporal trends from 1990 to 2019. Results: In 2019, the global ASPR of hip, knee, hand, and other OA was 400.95 (95% UI: 312.77–499.41), 4375.95 (95% UI: 3793.04–5004.9), 1726.38 (95% UI: 1319.91–2254.85), and 745.62 (95% UI: 570.16–939.8). As for the ASPR of hip OA, hand OA, and other OA, Europe and America had higher rates than Asia and Africa, and Asia was second only to America in knee OA ASPRs. The period 1990–2019, the ASPR at global level dropped significantly for hand OA (AAPC = −0.4%, 95% CI: −0.47 to −0.34) and increased significantly for hip OA (AAPC = 0.43%, 95% CI: 0.39–0.46), knee OA (AAPC = 0.17%, 95% CI: 0.09–0.24) and other OA (AAPC = 0.16%, 95% CI: 0.15–0.17). Different continents, countries, and periods demonstrated significant changes. Conclusions: Globally, America has the highest OA burden and Asia has a higher knee OA burden. Appropriate prevention and control measures to reduce modifiable risk factors are needed to reduce the burden of OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author team attended a group which visited University of Nebraska Medical Center and experienced their medical education system in 2016, sponsored by China Scholarship Council. Some education reformations and trials were carried out in the authors’ affiliations after the program finished. In this work, an analysis of the differences in medical education of the USA and of China was made, combining the published perspectives and our own experiences. The critical comments raised in this work may contribute to the remodeling of our medical education system and teaching mode.

To develop a sensitive point-of-care testing (POCT) aqueous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) detection system, and assess its role for predicting the response to anti-VEGF treatment in macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO-ME) patients. An automatic point-of-care aqueous humor Magnetic Particle Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immuno-Assay (MPCLEIA) VEGF detection system was developed. The predictive values of aqueous cytokine levels, in combination with imaging parameters, on anatomical treatment response (ATR, the relative central macular thickness change [ΔCMT/bl-CMT]) were analyzed. The automatic MPCLEIA system was able to provide results in 45 min with only 20 μL sample. Among the 57 eyes with available pre- and post-treatment evaluation, ATR significantly correlated with levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and VEGF measured by Luminex xMAP platform, and VEGF measured by MPCLEIA. Optimal cut-off values for these biomarkers were 13.26 ng/L, 23.57 ng/L, 1,110.12 ng/L, 105.52 ng/L, and 85.39 ng/L, respectively. Univariate analysis showed significant associations between ATR category (good response if ATR≤−25 % or poor response otherwise) and IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, VEGF-xMAP, and VEGF-MPCLEIA (p<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that ATR category was significantly associated with aqueous VEGF-MPCLEIA (p=0.006) and baseline(bl)-CMT (p=0.008). Receiver operating characteristics analysis yielded an AUC of 0.959 for the regression model combining VEGF-MPCLEIA and bl-CMT, for predicting ATR category. Our novel MPCLEIA-based automatic VEGF detection system enables accurate POCT of aqueous VEGF, which shows promise in predicting the treatment response of RVO-ME to anti-VEGF agents when combined with bl-CMT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]