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Two new compounds, baiyecrystals D and E ( 1 , 2 ), together with eight known analogues, xerophilusin B ( 4 ), macrocalin B ( 5 ), oridonin ( 6 ), rosthorin A ( 7 ), lasiocarpanin ( 8 ), rabdoternin A ( 9 ) and phyllostachysin A ( 10 ) and B ( 11 ), were isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon leucophyllus . The structures of 1 and 2 and 4 - 11 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, especially the 2D NMR spectral analysis. Compounds 2 , 6 - 8 and 10 were evaluated for their antineoplastic activities in vitro . Among them, lasiocarpanin ( 8 ) showed significant inhibitory activities against K562 and Bcap37 cells, with the IC 50 values of 0.13 and 1.26 μg mL -1 , respectively, which were lower than those of the positive control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emission rates of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), H2S and odor unit from the surface of a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill working area were measured with a wind tunnel sampler. The results show that the emission rate of odor from the non-point source of landfill is the function of environmental temperature and surface sweeping velocity. The emission rate measured in the high temperature season can be 6 times higher of that in the low temperature season. Within the experimental range of 0.6-4 m x s(-1) wind sweeping velocity, the emission rate shows a linear relationship with wind sweeping velocity. In summer, the emission rates of VOCs (measured by PID as isobutylene), H2S and odor unit are 385-680 microg x (m(2) x s)(-1), 4-7 microg x (m(2) x s)(-1), and 46.5-136 OU x (m(2) x s)(-1) respectively. The continuous sweeping experiment shows that the emission rate measured with clean air sweeping is the maximum possible emission rate, which needs to be adjusted when it is used to estimate the odor concentration of more than 10 min sample time or an area emission load.

Ag85b and HspX of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) (H37Rv) were expressed and purified in this study. These two proteins were combined with another fusion protein CFP-10:ESAT-6 (C/E) (Ag), then mixed with the adjuvants CpG DNA and aluminum hydroxide and used to vaccinate mice and guinea pigs challenged with Mtb (H37Rv). The number of spleen lymphocytes secreting Ag85b, HspX and C/E-specific interferon-gamma were significantly higher in the Ag+Al+CpG group than in the Ag and CpG groups. The combination of Ag, Al and CpG induced the highest concentrations of anti-Ag85b, anti-HspX and anti-C/E immunoglobulin G in mouse serum. Mouse peritoneal macrophages from the Ag+Al+CpG group secreted significantly higher levels of interleukin-12 compared with macrophages from the other groups. The total mean liver, lung and spleen lesion scores and bacterial loads in the spleen in guinea pigs vaccinated with Ag+Al+CpG were lower than those of the other groups, but no significant difference was found. These results show that the mixture of Ag85b, HspX and C/E with a combination of CpG and aluminum adjuvants can induce both humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, whereas it plays only a small role in the control of disease progression in guinea pigs challenged with Mtb.

Objective: To optimize the extraction and purification procedure for polysaccharides from Astragalus membranaceus., Methods: The orthogonal test was used to determine the optimal extraction technology in terms of the extraction rate of crude polysaccharides and the concentration of polysaccharides. The efficiency of deproteinization and decoloration with different methods were evaluated with the ration of protein and colorant removing as the indices. Their influence on the content of Astragalus polysaccharides was calculated as well., Results: The optimum extraction procedure was as follows: 8 times of water extracting three times at 100 degrees C, 90 minutes per time. Deproteinization using pepsase combined with Sevage solvent and depigmenting with DEAE fibrin achieved a high purification rate., Conclusion: The optimized extraction and purification procedure is simple, quick and efficient. The result establishes the foundation for the further study of the polysaccharides from Astragalus membranaceus.

Objective: To observe the activities of baicalin, berberine and Astragalus polysaccharides and their combinative effects on aldose reductase (AR) by a screening model of aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) in vitro., Methods: The inhibition of AR by baicalin, berberine and Astragalus polysaccharides and positive drug (Epalrestat) in different concentrations were evaluated, and their combinative effects were studied according to orthogonal t design., Results: Baicalin and berberine had remarkable inhibitory effects on AR, the inhibitory rates were (88.4 +/- 7.4)% and (69.0 +/- 9.4)% at the concentration of 300 microg/mL. However, the combinative effect of the inhibition on AR by the two compounds was antagonistic action. Astragalus polysaccharides had no activity of inhibition on AR., Conclusion: Baicalin and berberine are the potential AR inhibitors as they can inhibit the activity of AR in vitro.

Objective: To establish a method for quality control of non-alkaloids from Radix Sophorae tonkinensis., Methods: Sugar, organic-acid, polyphenolic and saponin were identified by TLC. The contents of Sugar, polyphenolic and saponin were determined by spectrophotometry and the content of organic-acids was determined by acid-based titration., Results: The contents of sugar, polyphenolic and saponin were 54.37%, 4.74%, 4.40%, respectively. The average content of organic-acid was 9.40%., Conclusions: The established method is simple, accurate, reproducible and suitable for the quality control of non-alkaloids from Radix Sophorae tonkinensis.

Objective: : To profile urinary metabolite variations from 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced precancerous colon rats, Jinfu Kang treated rats and healthy controls., Method: We used ethyl chloroformate derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabonomic method to analyze rat urines., Result: The time-dependent variations of metabolite profile showed a progressive deviation of the metabolism in the model group from the initial pattern over time and a systemic recovery of the metabolism in the treatment group, which is consistent with the histological results. The in-depth analysis indicated that the disorder of tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), tryptophan metabolism, polyamine metabolism and gut flora structure were associated with DMH intervention., Conclusion: Metabolic study revealed that Jinfu Kang can effectively reverse metabolic departures in DMH-induced precancerous colon rat, which is consistent with pathological results.