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The development of coal seam wind oxidation zone has a huge impact on the production organization and safe mining of coal mines. This paper focuses on the technical difficulties in delineating the coal seam wind oxidation zone in the eastern uplift zone of Junggar Coalfield, and studies the feasibility of using transient electromagnetic method to explore the coal seam wind oxidation zone. Firstly, the electrical resistivity logging curves of normal strata and coal seam wind oxidation areas in the research area were analyzed, and the differences in electrical properties between normal areas and coal seam wind oxidation areas were summarized. A geoelectric model of coal seam wind oxidation areas was constructed based on the electrical resistivity logging curves; then, MAXWELL software was used to numerically simulate the transient electromagnetic response of the theoretical model. It was found that the resistivity cross-section of the transient electromagnetic inversion in the coal seam wind oxidation zone exhibited abnormal characteristics of shallow low resistance layer thickening and reduced low resistance anomaly amplitude, which can be used to delineate the distribution range of the coal seam wind oxidation zone; finally, based on numerical simulation, on-site experiments were conducted in the Chuancao Gedan Coal Mine. Combined with drilling conditions, the experimental data were analyzed from the perspectives of transient electromagnetic inversion resistivity cross-section and plane. The results showed that the transient electromagnetic method is feasible for detecting and dividing wind oxidation zones.

The behavioral response of pollinators is significantly influenced by the prior experience of flower visiting. Learning of pollinators, including non-associative learning, associative learning, and operant conditioning, is determined by the presence or absence of rewards during the flower visiting experience. Here, we indicate that process of non-rewarding flower (empty flower) visiting coincident well with the behavioral paradigm of non-associative learning. Habituation, one of non-associative learning, most likely modulates the pollinating behavior patterns of empty flower visitation. Moreover, we propose that the process of habituation recovery, including spontaneous recovery and dishabituation, may also modulate the behavior of pollinators, which leads to ecological consequences of long-distance pollen dispersal and high outcross pollination rate. We believe that utilizing the methodology of non-associative learning behavioral neurobiology paradigm to investigate pollinator behavior will establish novel insights into the sensory responses and neural activity of pollination behavior in the pollination systems.

Objective Identifying patients at high risk for cardiac arrest-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) helps in early preventive interventions. This study aimed to establish and validate a high-risk nomogram for CA-AKI.Methods In this retrospective dataset, 339 patients after cardiac arrest (CA) were enrolled and randomized into a training or testing dataset. The Student’s t-test, non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test, or χ2 test was used to compare differences between the two groups. Optimal predictors of CA-AKI were determined using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO). A nomogram was developed to predict the early onset of CA-AKI. The performance of the nomogram was assessed using metrics such as area under the curve (AUC), calibration curves, decision curve analysis (DCA), and clinical impact curve (CIC).Results In total, 150 patients (44.2%) were diagnosed with CA-AKI. Four independent risk predictors were identified and integrated into the nomogram: chronic kidney disease, albumin level, shock, and heart rate. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses showed that the nomogram had a good discrimination performance for CA-AKI in the training dataset 0.774 (95%CI, 0.715–0.833) and testing dataset 0.763 (95%CI, 0.670–0.856). The AUC values for the two groups were calculated and compared using the Hanley-McNeil test. No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups. The calibration curve demonstrated good agreement between the predicted outcome and actual observations. Good clinical usefulness was identified using DCA and CIC.Conclusion An easy-to-use nomogram for predicting CA-AKI was established and validated, and the prediction efficiency of the clinical model has reasonable clinical practicability.

Research regarding electrochromic (EC) materials, such materials that change their color upon application of an electrochemical stimulus, has been conducted for centuries. However, most recently, increasing efforts have been put into developing novel solutions to utilize these on-off switching materials in advanced nanoplasmonic and nanophotonic devices. Due to the significant change in dielectric properties of oxides such as WO3, NiO, Mn2O3 and conducting polymers like PEDOT:PSS and PANI, EC materials have transcended beyond simple smart window applications and are now found in plasmonic devices for full-color displays and enhanced modulation transmission and photonic devices with ultra-high on-off ratios and sensing abilities. Advancements in nanophotonic ECDs have further decreased EC switching speed by several orders of magnitude, allowing integration in real-time measurement and lab-on-chip applications. The EC nature of such nanoscale devices promises low energy consumption with low operating voltages paired with bistability and long lifetimes. We summarize these novel approaches to EC device design, lay out the current short comings and draw a path forward for future utilization.

Accurate peach detection is a prerequisite for automated agronomic management, e.g., peach mechanical harvesting. However, due to uneven illumination and ubiquitous occlusion, it is challenging to detect the peaches, especially when the peaches are bagged in orchards. To this end, an accurate multi-class peach detection method was proposed by means of improving YOLOv5s and using multi-modal visual data for mechanical harvesting in this paper. RGB-D dataset with multi-class annotations of naked and bagging peach was proposed, including 4127 multi-modal images of corresponding pixel-aligned color, depth, and infrared images acquired with consumer-level RGB-D camera. Subsequently, an improved lightweight YOLOv5s (small depth) model was put forward by introducing a direction-aware and position-sensitive attention mechanism, which could capture long-range dependencies along one spatial direction and preserve precise positional information along the other spatial direction, helping the networks accurately detect peach targets. Meanwhile, the depthwise separable convolution was employed to reduce the model computation by decomposing the convolution operation into convolution in the depth direction and convolution in the width and height directions, which helped to speed up the training and inference of the network while maintaining accuracy. The comparison experimental results demonstrated that the improved YOLOv5s using multi-modal visual data recorded the detection mAP of 98.6% and 88.9% on the naked and bagging peach with 5.05 M model parameters in complex illumination and severe occlusion environment, increasing by 5.3% and 16.5% than only using RGB images, as well as by 2.8% and 6.2% when compared to YOLOv5s. As compared with other networks in detecting bagging peaches, the improved YOLOv5s performed best in terms of mAP, which was 16.3%, 8.1% and 4.5% higher than YOLOX-Nano, PP-YOLO-Tiny, and EfficientDet-D0, respectively. In addition, the proposed improved YOLOv5s model offered better results in different degrees than other methods in detecting Fuji apple and Hayward kiwifruit, verified the effectiveness on different fruit detection tasks. Further investigation revealed the contribution of each imaging modality, as well as the proposed improvement in YOLOv5s, to favorable detection results of both naked and bagging peaches in natural orchards. Additionally, on the popular mobile hardware platform, it was found out that the improved YOLOv5s model could implement 19 times detection per second with the considered five-channel multi-modal images, offering real-time peach detection. These promising results demonstrated the potential of the improved YOLOv5s and multi-modal visual data with multi-class annotations to achieve visual intelligence of automated fruit harvesting systems.

Liver transplantation (LT) can benefit the long-term survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. We hypothesized that circulating tumor cell (CTC) levels and subtypes are intimately associated with metastasis status of HCC patients. This study was designed to test that compositive hematological indices including CTC can provide a prediction of post-LT metastasis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the inhibitory effect of cholecystokinin octapeptide （CCK-8） binding to cholecystokinin 2 receptor （CCK2R） on methamphetamine （METH）-induced neuronal apoptosis, and to explore the signal transduction mechanism of β-arrestin 2 in CCK-8 inhibiting METH-induced neuronal apoptosis.MethodsSH-SY5Y cell line was cultured, and HEK293-CCK1R and HEK293-CCK2R cell line were constructed by lentivirus transfection. Small interfering RNA （siRNA） was used to knockdown the expression of β-arrestin 2. Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometry were used to detect the apoptotic rate of cells, and Western blotting was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins.ResultsThe apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells was induced by 1 mmol/L and 2 mmol/L METH treatment, the number of nuclear fragmentation and pyknotic cells was significantly increased, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were increased. CCK-8 pre-treatment at the dose of 0.1 mmol/L and 1 mmol/L significantly reversed METH-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells, and inhibited cell nuclear fragmentation, pyknosis and the changes of apoptosis-related proteins induced by METH. In lentivirus transfected HEK293-CCK1R and HEK293-CCK2R cells, the results revealed that CCK-8 had no significant effect on METH-induced changes of apoptosis-related proteins in HEK293-CCK1R cells, but it could inhibit the expression level of apoptosis-related proteins in HEK293-CCK2R cells induced by METH. The inhibitory effect of CCK-8 on METH-induced apoptosis was blocked by the knockdown of β-arrestin 2 expression in SH-SY5Y cells.ConclusionCCK-8 can bind to CCK2R and exert an inhibitory effect on METH-induced apoptosis by activating the β-arrestin 2 signal.

Abstract The authors' previous study showed that zirconium oxide nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) induce toxic effects in MC3T3‐E1 cells; however, its toxicological mechanism is still unclear. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was used to reveal the metabolite profile and toxicological mechanism of MC3T3‐E1 cells in response to ZrO2 NPs. The results demonstrated that MC3T3‐E1 cells treated with ZrO2 NPs for 24 and 48 h presented different metabolic characteristics. Following ZrO2 NP treatment for 24 h, 96 upregulated and 129 downregulated metabolites in the positive ion mode, as well as 91 upregulated and 326 downregulated metabolites in the negative ion mode were identified. Following ZrO2 NP treatment for 48 h, 33 upregulated and 174 downregulated metabolites were identified in the positive ion mode, whereas 37 upregulated and 302 downregulated metabolites were confirmed in the negative ion mode. Among them, 42 differential metabolites were recognised as potential metabolites contributing to the induced toxic effects of ZrO2 NPs in MC3T3‐E1 cells. Most of the differential metabolites were lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamide, indicating that exposure to ZrO2 NPs may have a profound impact on human cellular function by impairing the membrane system. The results also provide new clues for the toxicological mechanism of ZrO2 NP dental materials.

The facades of buildings provide significant potential for photovoltaic panels integration, allowing renewable energy deployment within the built environment. In literature, various options, such as building-integrated photovoltaics, building-integrated photovoltaics-thermal collectors, building-attached photovoltaics, and rooftop photovoltaics, have already been explored. However, this study aimed to develop a new solar photovoltaic collectors’ integration with vertical-green balconies in old high-rise buildings considering the façade reconstruction concepts mainly focusing on the water heating application. The objective of this study is to conduct a preliminary research study investigating such integration possibilities with old buildings considering the façade reconstruction concepts, followed by exploring various benefits. For this, an old high-rise building was rebuilt scientifically and rationally. PHOENICS tool was used to gauge and assess the building’s wind environment first, followed by the solar photovoltaic collector-based facade installation and preliminary assessment. The results include the system design, economic analysis of the solar photovoltaic collector’s application for water heating, calculation of the energy-saving rate, and functional analysis of the solar photovoltaic collectors combined with a vertical green balcony. The outcome of this study suggested that the process-specific rationalization plan can be applied in future urban architecture renovation.

In this paper, the 3-D model of discontinuous contact of 2/3 lay length steel rope is established by ProE/5.0. Finite element analysis of discontinuous contact steel rope under axial tension and torsion load was carried out in ABAQUS. The wear test of wire rope was carried out on the discontinuous contact steel wire rope damage test bench, and the distribution of wear marks on the worn steel wire surface was analyzed by optical microscope（OM）. The results show that the equivalent stress, axial stress and axial deformation are spiral distribution along the axial direction of the wire rope; on the strand section, the equivalent stress increases gradually from the core wire to the side wire, the maximum value appears in the contact area of rope groove, the experimental results show that the steel wire surface also presents elliptical wear scar, which is consistent with the simulation results.

Electrochromism, an emerging energy conversion technology, has attracted immense interest due to its various applications including bistable displays, optical filters, variable optical attenuators, optical switches, and energy-efficient smart windows. Currently, the major drawback for the development of electrochromism is the slow switching speed, especially in inorganic electrochromic materials. The slow switching speed is mainly attributed to slow reaction kinetics of the dense inorganic electrochromic films. As such, an efficient design of nanostructured electrochromic materials is a key strategy to attain a rapid switching speed for their real-world applications. In this review article, we summarize the classifications of electrochromic materials, including inorganic materials (e.g., transition metal oxides, Prussian blue, and polyoxometalates), organic materials (e.g., polymers, covalent organic frameworks, and viologens), inorganic-organic hybrids, and plasmonic materials. We also discuss the electrochromic properties and synthesis methods for various nanostructured inorganic electrochromic materials depending on structure/morphology engineering, doping techniques, and crystal phase design. Finally, we outline the major challenges to be solved and discuss the outlooks and our perspectives for the development of high-performance nanostructured electrochromic materials.

Speed ratio control is one of the key technologies in transmission control field. The fuzzy PID control method is adopted to simulate the automobile cycle working condition by analyzing the structure and working principle of the swing pin chain CVT，the mathematical model of the CVT transmission system and the sub-model of the speed ratio fuzzy controller are built. The fuzzy control is simulated based on the Simulink/Cruise co-simulation software platform. Finally，genetic algorithm is introduced to optimize the control rules of the speed ratio controller，and the speed ratio tracking strategies of the starting and cycling conditions are verified respectively. The results show that the speed ratio fuzzy control based on genetic algorithm is better than the traditional fuzzy PID control method in the following effect and error variation of the target speed ratio，and meets the requirements of the swing pin chain CVT speed ratio control.

According to the load characteristics and speed regulation characteristics of the engine,the steady-state torque model is established and the optimum power and economy curves of engine are determined. Then the engine target speed is obtained by using the economic weighting coefficient method. The power transmission system is simplified into a double rotating mass model. Through mathematical model of the whole vehicle,the physical model is established by using Simulink,and a speed ratio fuzzy control method based on the speed regulation characteristic of engine is proposed,then the starting condition,braking condition and circulating condition are simulated respectively. The simulation results show that the following effect of actual speed ratio to target speed ratio can be realized well. It shows that the speed ratio fuzzy control method based on the characteristics of engine speed regulation can be well applied to speed ratio control.

Anatase phase TiO2 nanocrystallites are prepared using subcritical water and Rhodamine B (RB) as the solvent and the model pollutant, respectively, to test the photocatalytic activity of the obtained TiO2 nanocrystallites. The experimental results indicate that the prepared products exhibit better photocatalytic properties than those of commercial P25. The sample characterization results also indicate that the anatase phase TiO2 nanocrystallites are generated in the hydrolysis process and that the crystallinity is remarkably increased after calcination. The crystallite sizes of the anatase nanocrystallites are investigated and the interactions between the factors are evaluated using response surface methodology. The optimal conditions for the preparation process are obtained as follows: hydrolysis temperature of 603 K, calcination temperature of 953 K, calcination time of 60 min and solution pressure of 13 MPa. The practical experiments under the optimal condition are carried out in triplicate, and the average crystallite size is 21.38 nm. The photodegradation kinetics is discussed using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) model. The results show that LH model is feasible in describing RB degradation.

Due to the excellent antioxidant capacity of proanthocyanidins, combined with the antioxidant mechanism of anthocyanins, it inspired us to study the antioxidant capacity of proanthocyanidins and their complexes. In this article, we conducted antioxidant tests on proanthocyanidin-bovine serum albumin and procyanidin-metal complexes, using DPPH and ABTS methods to determine the antioxidant capacity of procyanidins and their complexes. The results show that compared with proanthocyanidins, the proanthocyanidin complex has a certain degree of improvement in the ability to scavenge free radicals. After being combined with metal ions, the ability to scavenge free radicals is significantly improved. When the ratio of proanthocyanidin B2 to Fe3+ is 2:1, the ability to scavenge free radicals is significantly enhanced.

Clamping force control is one of the key technologies of metal V-belt Continuously Variable Transmission（ CVT） control. The absolute safety coefficient method can guarantee the minimum system clamping force of no-load,but its clamping force margin is too large compared with traditional method. In order to reduce system clamping force,the clamping force fuzzy calculation method is proposed on the basis of absolute safety coefficient method. The mathematical model and simulation model of engine,CVT and vehicle are established,and the simulation test of starting condition,rapid acceleration condition,rapid deceleration condition and cycle condition show that the clamping force average decrease of about 5% and the fuel economy of complete vehicle through the fuzzy calculation of clamping force is improved.

Our research explores the meaningful writing experiences of 325 undergraduate students who self-identify as multilingual. Through qualitative coding of open-ended survey data, we found that respondents considered their writing meaningful when it allowed them to make personal and relevant connections and learn new skills and strategies. Our findings are aligned with the results of "The Meaningful Writing Project," suggesting that the ways all students find their writing meaningful are interwoven with their identities, histories, and aspirations. After presenting our analysis of multilingual students' responses, we posit several conditions for teaching writing across the curriculum that allow complex, mobile language users to exercise their personal, social, and linguistic resources and have the opportunities for meaningful writing experiences.

To explore the coalescence, growth and settling behavior of metallic Fe droplets under the dynamic oxidation condition, the effects of oxidation time, air stirring intensity and pure oxygen oxidizing on the coalescence of metallic Fe were investigated in this paper. The changes in temperature and viscosity of the molten slag were studied during the dynamic oxidation process, and the settling speed of metallic Fe was calculated. It is indicated by lab and 1200 kg pilot-scale experiments that low valence titanium is oxidized by blowing the oxidizing gas. As the temperature increases, the viscosity of the slag decreases, which accelerates the coalescence, growth and settling of metallic Fe droplets. With a longer oxidizing time, low valence titanium and (FeO) finally almost vanish, and metallic Fe droplets are oxidized, resulting in the decrease of metallic Fe recovery. The judgment of the oxidation end point depends on the (FeO) and low valence titanium content.

Dynamic oxidation is not only in favor of that Ti components in molten Ti-bearing blast furnace slag enrich into the design phase (perovskite), but also promotes the coarsening and growth of perovskite phase. The enrichment and settlement of coarsened perovskite are carried out under the action of gravity. The nucleation rate and the crystal growth rate of perovskite phase in molten Ti-bearing blast furnace slag under dynamic oxidation condition were studied by using the kinetic equation of glass formation. The results show that low valence titanium (Ti2+) and (Ti3+) are oxidized to (Ti4+) under dynamic oxidation condition by blowing oxygen, which can promote the precipitation of perovskite and increase the crystal growth rate. When continuing to blow oxygen, the oxidizing time would be too long, TiC and TiN particles decrease and finally almost vanish, the slag viscosity decreases, and the crystallization of perovskite phase transforms from heterogeneous nucleation into homogeneous nucleation. As a result, the precipitation temperature decreases and the precipitation temperature range shortens, which restrain the coarsening and growth of perovskite.

The aim of the present work is to elucidate crystallization and growing process of rutile crystals in Ti-bearing blast furnace slag. The samples were taken from the liquid slag and quenched at once at elevated temperatures in order to analyze phase transaction of titanium and grain size of rutile crystals. Crystallization and growing kinetics of rutile crystals under elevated temperature conditions were calculated, and the crystallization process of rutile crystals under isothermal conditions was expressed by Avrami equation. The effects of experimental parameters, such as experimental temperatures, SiO2 addition, cooling rate, crystal seed addition and oxygen flow, were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the optimal conditions for rutile crystals to grow up were obtained. Distribution and movement state of rutile crystals in the slag were analyzed.

In this study I indicate that lengthened family interaction time during pandemic lockdowns can afford children significantly more exposure and opportunities to enhance their heritage language, but that this does not diminish the constant dilemma between striving to balance English acquisition and heritage language maintenance. Using autoethnography, and as a first-generation immigrant mother of a preschool-age Chinese American child, I will demonstrate how our family language policy and languaging practices evolved during the COVID19 lockdowns, and indicate how, despite the growing development of my child's heritage language skills, her multilingualism was achieved at the cost of my constant ideological struggles between disobeying rampant English-only ideologies in society and feeling guilty about decentering academic English in our family language policy. With this study, I call for future research to adopt a longitudinal lens to explore whether shifting family language policies and languaging practices during lockdowns may have long-term influences on children from multilingual households.

Taking the contact characteristic of the arc segment metal block with metal belt type continuously variable transmission as study object,the mathematical model and finite element model are established.The results show that the numerical solution of the stress and deformation is basically the same as that of the analytical solution,but the numerical value is higher,the reason is that the contact area of the metal block is reduced. With the increase of the thickness of the metal block,the compressive stress decreases gradually in the z direction,but the rate is very fast,it meets to Saint Venant principle. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the optimization of metal block structure and so on.

An environmental procedure to extract titanium components and metallic iron from Ti-bearing blast furnace slag is accomplished via three steps, which are high-temperature modification, gravity separation and hydrometallurgy method. The behaviors of metallic iron during the high-temperature modification process are studied. The feasibility of separating rutile from the matrix phase are investigated; based on the feasibility analysis results, the gravity separation experiment is carried out in order to improve the TiO2 content in the slag. The leaching behaviors and kinetics of non-titanium components in the concentrate of gravity separation are investigated. The activation energy of the leaching process is 62.868 kJ/mol, and circulatory leaching and preparation of synthetic rutile experiments are implemented. Finally, an environmental technological route is proposed for comprehensive utilization of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.

In this exploratory study, we adopt corpus linguistic methods to quantify, contextualize and investigate race in translingual scholarship in US writing and rhetoric studies over the past decade. Results indicate that while race is mentioned minimally in the corpus, in instances where it is mentioned many scholars pay attention to intersectionality, language, colonial history, and power relations. Additionally, while there is a large representation of international students and newly-arrived immigrants in translingual scholarship in US writing and rhetoric studies over the past decade, domestic multilingual writers of color remain underrepresented. Situating translingualism in greater anti-racist initiatives, we discuss research and pedagogical implications that call for joint efforts from translingual scholars and practitioners to strive for linguistic justice and anti-racist translingual practices.

The basic structure based on metal belt CVT（ Metal Belt Continuously Variable Transmission,referred to as MB- CVT）,through the introducing the jointless wire rope and changing the metal block shape,a new type of metal belt CVT is designed,namely the Wire Rope- CVT（ WR- CVT）. Through the comparative analysis the constraint condition of two kinds of CVT metal belt ring and wire rope in six degrees freedom,the result shows that the WR- CVT has a stable working state of MB- CVT. The formula of calculating lateral pressure of WR- CVT wire rope and metal block arc groove contact is obtained,the analysis of WR- CVT wire rope and metal block arc groove longitudinal contact and non- contact the relationship of force are carried out,the foundation for the further study of WR- CVT is provided.

The majority of classic SPC methodologies assume a steady-state (i.e., static) process behavior (i.e., the process mean and variance are constant) without the influence of the dynamic behavior (i.e., an intended or unintended shift in the process mean or variance). Traditional SPC has been successfully used in steady-state manufacturing processes, but these approaches are not valid for use in dynamic behavior environments. The goal of this paper is to present the process monitoring and adjustment methodologies for addressing dynamic behavior problems so that system performance improvement may be attained. The methodologies will provide a scientific approach to acquire critical knowledge of the dynamic behavior as well as improved control and quality, leading to the enhancement of economic position. The two major developments in this paper are: (1) the characterization of the dynamic behavior of the manufacturing process with the appropriate monitoring procedures; and (2) the development of adaptive monitoring procedures for the processes [for example, using trend charts (e.g., linear model) and time series charts (e.g., ARIMA models)] with a comparison between univariate and multivariate control charts. To provide a realistic environment for the development of the dynamic behavior monitoring and adjustment procedures, the cold rolling process is adopted as a test bed.