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Since the use of additives supplies the different properties required to develop better-performing roadways, modification with additives has been used as one of the attractive alternatives when the base asphalt does not satisfy the requirements for traffic load, climate variations, and paving structure. This study evaluates the effect of additive materials of improving the ability of the surface layer to withstand permanent deformation. In addition, it discusses to what extent using waste materials as additive materials affects permanent deformation resistance and the extent of using waste materials as alternative modifiers to commercial polymers to enhance permanent deformation resistance. In this study, the simulation using the ABAQUS program under the conditions of using different percentages of the additives, changes in the thickness of the surface layer, and increasing the temperature on permanent deformation of the asphalt layer was investigated. The simulation results showed that using modified mixtures improved the Hot Mix Asphalt HMA's properties and decreased the mixtures' temperature susceptibility, which manifested as a decrease in permanent deformation (lower rutting depth) when compared to an unmodified mixture. Furthermore, using waste materials led to the greatest decrease in permanent deformation among all models.

Objective To investigate the effect of CA3(CIL56) on the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and its mechanism. Methods HepG2 cells were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of CA3 (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mmol/L) for 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Enhanced CCK-8 reagent was used to detect the effect of CA3 on cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was utilized to detect cell apoptosis rate. We detected the changes of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Western blot was utilized to analyze the expression of YAP1, Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 protein. Results The enhanced CCK-8 reagent test results showed that after 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mmol/L CA3 treatment for 24 and 48 hours, the cell proliferation rates were (80.5±0.3)%, (79.4±0.2)%, (76.2±0.2)%, (76.4±0.1)%, (49.3±0.4)% and (75.3±0.2)%, (64.8±0.3)%, (48.4±0.2)%, (32.2±0.4)%, (31.9±0.2)%, respectively. Flow cytometry results showed that when CA3 concentration was increased to 2 mmol/L, the apoptosis rate was increased to 58.48%. CA3 could significantly increase the content of reactive oxygen species in HepG2 cells, reduce the expression of YAP1 and Bcl-2 protein, and increase the expression of Bax and Caspase-3. Conclusion CA3 could inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of HepG2 cells. The mechanism may be related to the increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species production and the regulation of YAP1, Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression.

In recent decades, land use/cover change (LUCC) due to urbanization, deforestation, and desertification has dramatically increased, which changes the global landscape and increases the pressure on the environment. LUCC not only accelerates global warming but also causes widespread and irreversible loss of biodiversity. Therefore, LUCC reconstruction has important scientific and practical value for studying environmental and ecological changes. The commonly used LUCC reconstruction models can no longer meet the growing demand for uniform and high-resolution LUCC reconstructions. In view of this circumstance, a deep learning-integrated LUCC reconstruction model (DLURM) was developed in this study. Zhenlai County of Jilin Province (1986–2013) was taken as an example to verify the proposed DLURM. The average accuracy of the DLURM reached 92.87% (compared with the results of manual interpretation). Compared with the results of traditional models, the DLURM had significantly better accuracy and robustness. In addition, the simulation results generated by the DLURM could match the actual land use (LU) map better than those generated by other models.

In this study, the effects of adding mixtures of mono- and di-fatty acid glycerides and Tween 80 with different hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values on the stability and whipping characteristics of cream were studied, and the hardness, whipping rate, apparent viscosity, stability, and microstructure of the cream samples were detected. The results showed that with the increase in HLB value, the apparent viscosity of the emulsion decreased, and shear thinning occurred in all cream samples. The centrifugal creaming rate and turbiscan stability index (TSI) decreased first and then increased, and so did the absolute value of zeta potential. The results of whipping characteristics analysis showed that with the increase in HLB value, the whipping time and whipping rate of cream decreased, and the hardness after whipping increased first and then decreased, reaching a maximum of 1 150.1 g when the HLB value was 9. At HLB values in the range of 9–11, cream exhibited a shorter whipping time, higher whipping hardness, appropriate whipping rate, and good mounting performance with no collapse or deformation. Meanwhile, the microstructure showed that the size of the cream bubbles was relatively uniform after whipping, and the fat globules around the bubbles were dense and close to each other, thus forming a better network structure to protect the bubbles and make the foam more stable. Therefore, the HLB value of mixed emulsifiers should be controlled in the range of 9–11 to obtain cream with good stability and whipping characteristics.