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8. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus Helianthemum (Cistaceae) using plastid and nuclear DNA‐sequences: Systematic and evolutionary inferences

Author

Aparicio, Abelardo, Martín-Hernanz, Sara, Parejo-Farnés, Clara, Arroyo, Juan, Lavergne, Sébastien, Yeşilyurt, Emine B., Zhang, Ming-Li, Rubio, Encarnación, Albaladejo, Rafael G., Aparicio, Abelardo, Martín-Hernanz, Sara, Parejo-Farnés, Clara, Arroyo, Juan, Lavergne, Sébastien, Yeşilyurt, Emine B., Zhang, Ming-Li, Rubio, Encarnación, and Albaladejo, Rafael G.

Abstract

Helianthemum is the largest, most widely distributed and most taxonomically complex genus of the Cistaceae. To examine the intrageneric phylogenetic relationships in Helianthemum, we used sequence data from plastid DNA (ndhF, psbA‐trnH, trnL‐trnF) and the nuclear ITS region. The ingroup consisted of 95 species and subspecies (2 subgenera, 10 sections) from throughout the range of Helianthemum, while the outgroup was composed of 30 species representing all the genera in the Cistaceae (Cistus Crocanthemum, Fumana, Halimium, Hudsonia, Lechea, Tuberaria) plus Anisoptera thurifera subsp. polyandra (Dipterocarpaceae). To infer phylogenetic relationships, we analysed three different matrices (cpDNA, nrDNA, cpDNA + nrDNA concatenated) using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference, and performed molecular dating to estimate the ages of origin of the main clades using a Bayesian approach. The cpDNA + nrDNA concatenated dataset provided the highest Bayesian posterior probabilities and bootstrap support values, and the results supported the monophyly of the genus Helianthemum and its sister relationship to a clade consisting of all species of Cistus, Crocanthemum, Halimium, Hudsonia and Tuberaria. This result means that we did not retrieve the sister relationship between Helianthemum and Crocanthemum (plus Hudsonia) that could be expected according to previous published studies. Despite their different statistical support, the topology of the inner branches of all the consensus trees showed that Helianthemum is characterized by the emergence of three major clades in agreement with above‐species taxonomy, although unresolved polytomies still remain towards the tips of the trees (species and subspecies). Clade I (mainly distributed in Mediterranean and alpine environments in European and western Asiatic mountain chains) fully coincided with subg. Plectolobum, whereas subg. Helianthemum was retrieved in clade II (arid and semi‐arid environments from Macaronesia, the Med, Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

Published
2024

14. Clustering Analysis of Multilayer Complex Network of Nanjing Metro Based on Traffic Line and Passenger Flow Big Data

Author

Zhang, Ming Li, Wei Yu, and Jun

Subjects
transportation, multilayer network, clustering coefficient, complex network, big data
Abstract

Complex networks in reality are not just single-layer networks. The connection of nodes in an urban metro network includes two kinds of connections: line and passenger flow. In fact, it is a multilayer network. The line network constructed by the Space L model based on a complex network reflects the geographical proximity of stations, which is an undirected and weightless network. The passenger flow network constructed with smart card big data reflects the passenger flow relationship between stations, which is a directed weighted network. The construction of a line-flow multilayer network can reflect the actual situation of metro traffic passenger flow, and the node clustering coefficient can measure the passenger flow clustering effect of the station on adjacent stations. Combined with the situation of subway lines in Nanjing and card-swiping big data, this research constructs the line network with the Space L model and the passenger flow network with smart card big data, and uses these two networks to construct the multilayer network of line flow. This research improves the calculation method of the clustering coefficient of weighted networks, proposes the concept of node group, distinguishes the inflow and outflow, and successively calculates the clustering coefficient of nodes and the whole network in the multilayer network. The degree of passenger flow activity in the network thermal diagram is used to represent the passenger flow activity of the line-flow network. This method can be used to evaluate the clustering effect of metro stations and identify the business districts in the metro network, so as to improve the level of intelligent transportation management and provide a theoretical basis for transportation construction and business planning.

Published
2023
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30. Slope stability under the influence of irrigation and frozen stagnant water effect in Heifangtai.

Author

Li, Guang, Tang, Ming-gao, Zhang, Ming-li, Peng, Da-lei, Zhao, Huan-le, and Zhou, Jian

Abstract

The Heifangtai, known as the modern natural landslide laboratory, is an independent loess tableland formed, which is located in northwest China. Agricultural irrigation in Heifangtai leads to a substantial rise in groundwater table. The loess landslides induced by irrigation and frozen stagnant water effect are a common geologic hazard in this area. However, in the existing researches, less attention was paid to the influencing factors of the frozen stagnant water effect, and the groundwater table lacked long-term data monitoring. In the numerical simulation, the seasonal variation of irrigation and the preferential channels of loess caves are not considered simultaneously. The response relationships among irrigation, frozen stagnant water effect, groundwater table, and slope stability are not yet clear. Based on field monitoring and numerical simulation, this paper studied the variation law of groundwater table under the irrigation and frozen stagnant water effect. The influence laws between irrigation, frozen stagnant water effect, and slope stability are discussed. Field monitoring found that the soil in the slope unsaturated area has longer freezing time and thicker freezing depth. Under the combination of irrigation and frozen stagnant water effect, the groundwater table kept rising from May 2019 to February 2020. Irrigation led to the increase of groundwater level by 0.35–0.45 m in 1 year. During the freezing period, the minimum slope safety stability coefficient caused by frozen stagnant water effect is 1.64. During the thawing period, the minimum slope safety stability coefficient caused by irrigation is 1.7. The slope failure is most prone to occur in February. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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33. Intracellular transport dynamics revealed by single-particle tracking

Author

Ti Hui-Ying, Wang Peng-Ye, Li Hui, and Zhang Ming-Li

Subjects
Physics, Single-particle tracking, Temporal resolution, Dynamics (mechanics), Cellular functions, Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, General Medicine, Tracking (particle physics), Biological system, Intracellular transport
Abstract

Intracellular transport is the basis for the transfer of matter, energy, and information in cells and is critical to many cellular functions. Within the nonequilibrium environment of living cells, the transport behaviours are far from the traditional motion in liquid but are more complex and active. With the advantage of high spatial and temporal resolution, the single-particle tracking (SPT) method is widely utilized and has achieved great advances in revealing intracellular transport dynamics. This review describes intracellular transport from a physical perspective and classifies it into two modes: diffusive motion and directed motion. The biological functions and physical mechanisms for these two transport modes are introduced. Next, we review the principle of SPT and its advances in two aspects of intracellular transport. Finally, we discuss the prospect of near infrared SPT in exploring the in vivo intracellular transport dynamics.

Published
2021
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48. Timing of vulnerability of the brain to iodine deficiency in endemic cretinism

Author

Cao Xue-Yi, Jiang Xin-Min, Dou Zhi-Hong, Rakemen, Murdon Abdul, Zhang Ming-Li, O'Donnell, Karen, Ma Tai, Amette, Kareem, DeLong, Nancy, and DeLong, G. Robert

Subjects
Iodine deficiency diseases -- Prevention, Cretinism -- Prevention, Iodine in the body -- Health aspects, Prenatal care -- Health aspects
Abstract

Iodine treatment administered before the end of the second trimester of pregnancy appears to provide effective protection from iodine deficiency in the fetal brain. Iodine deficiency causes endemic cretinism and is the most common preventable cause of mental retardation. Iodine treatment before conception is known to prevent cretinism, but the effects of treatment during pregnancy and after birth are less well known. Pregnant women and young children in an iodine-poor region were given iodine treatment. The children of women who received iodine treatment before the end of the second trimester of pregnancy showed a 2% rate of neurologic abnormalities, compared to 9% of the children who were treated during or after the third trimester. At about two years of age, the mean development score of the children whose mothers received iodine treatment before the end of the second trimester of pregnancy was 90, compared to a mean score of 75 in their untreated counterparts.

Published
1994

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