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ObjectiveWith the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) industry, the investment in research and development of new commercial Chinese polyherbal preparations (CCPPs) is increasing, and the varieties of CCPPs are growing. CCPPs play an increasingly important role in the TCM industry. This study has comprehensively summarized and analyzed the current situation of CCPPs that has been on the market in China, and provided suggestions for the research and promotion of CCPPs.MethodsThis study took the CCPPs approved for marketing in domestic drug database of the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) as the research object, and combined with the publication of related randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CCPPs in 2020–2022 and the sales of CCPPs in domestic chain pharmacies, statistical analysis was carried out on the drug name, pharmaceutical companies, dosage form, number of flavors, CBDs, ICD-11 classification of diseases treated, etc.ResultsCurrently, 58,409 approvals for CCPPs have been issued in China, involving 9,986 varieties of CCPPs, 2,896 pharmaceutical companies and 39 dosage forms. The number of flavors of prescriptions of CCPPs varies from 1 to 90, among which Glycyrrhiza glabra L. [Fabaceae; Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma] and Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels [Apiaceae; Angelicae sinensis radix] are the most widely used. The study found that the CCPPs with the most diverse variety is CCPPs for the treatment of respiratory diseases, some CCPPs can treat multiple system diseases. According to the survey, the sales of CCPPs for respiratory diseases in the chain pharmacies account for more than 1/3 of the total sales of the chain pharmacies, while the number of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on CCPPs for circulatory diseases was the largest.ConclusionThe approval process of CCPPs should be further standardized, and the transformation of TCM prescriptions into CCPPs should be promoted. In the approval process of CCPPs, it is suggested to strengthen the supervision of drug names to clarify the differences between the CCPPs of same name but different prescriptions. Improve the effectiveness and safety of CCPPs by improving the quality of CBDs. It is suggested to optimize the design of new drug research program of CCPPs to avoid waste of research resources.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical effect, safety and effectiveness of ultrasound-guided rhomboid intercostal and subserratus plane (RISS) block for postoperative analgesia after minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy (MIE-McKeown), and provide new ideas for the selection of postoperative analgesia programs for minimally invasive esophageal cancer surgery patients.MethodsA prospective randomized controlled study design was used to collect data. Patients undergoing MIE-McKeown in the Department of cardiothoracic surgery of Fuling Hospital of Chongqing University from March 2022 to June 2023 were prospectively collected as research objects. They were divided into three groups by random number table method: Group A: continuous RISS plane block+patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA), Group B: single RISS plane block+PCIA, and Group C: control group, simple PCIA. The outcome indicators of each group were recorded and compared: ①Analgesic effect [visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score for rest and cough at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after surgery], ②Postoperative use of analgesics [the amount of sufentanil used within 24 hours after surgery, the number of effective presses of the analgesia pump and the number of additional rescue analgesia], ③Adverse reactions during postoperative analgesia [dizziness, lethargy, postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV), hypotension, respiratory depression, urinary retention, etc.], ④Intraoperative hemodynamic indicators [mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) at different time points], ⑤Analgesia satisfaction. ①②③ were the primary outcome indicators, and ④⑤were the secondary outcome indicators.ResultsA total of 96 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled, with 32 cases in each group. Group A patients had lower resting and cough VAS scores at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after surgery compared to Group C. Group A had lower resting VAS scores at 2, 24 hours after surgery and lower cough VAS scores at 12, 24 hours after surgery compared to Group B. Group B patients had significantly lower resting VAS scores at 2, 6, 12 hours after surgery and lower cough VAS scores at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after surgery compared to Group C (all P < 0.05). The dosage of sufentanil, the number of effective compressions of the analgesic pump, and the additional number of remedial analgesia gradually increased between groups A, B, and C within 24 hours after surgery, with statistical differences (all P < 0.01). The incidence of dizziness and PONV in Group C was higher than that in Groups A and B, respectively (both P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in MAP and HR among the three groups of patients before anesthesia induction (T0), immediately after skin incision (T1), 5 minutes after skin incision (T2), and 5 minutes after extubation (T3) (all P > 0.05). The satisfaction with pain relief in Group A, Group B, and Group C decreased sequentially(P < 0.05).ConclusionsUltrasound guided RISS block can provide good postoperative analgesia for MIE-McKeown surgery. As an active exploration of multimodal analgesia, continuous RISS has better analgesic effects. It is safe, effective, and worthy of further clinical promotion and use.

Ground cherry (Physalis pubescens) is the most prominent species in the Solanaceae family due to its nutritional content, and prospective health advantages. It is grown all over the world, but notably in northern China. In 2019 firstly bacterial leaf spot (BLS) disease was identified on P. pubescens in China that caused by both BLS pathogens Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria resulted in substantial monetary losses. Here, we compared whole genome sequences of X. euvesicatoria to other Xanthomonas species that caused BLS diseases for high similarities and dissimilarities in genomic sequences through average nucleotide identity (ANI) and BLAST comparison. Molecular techniques and phylogenetic trees were adopted to detect X. euvesicatoria on P. pubescens using recQ, hrpB1, and hrpB2 genes for efficient and precise identification. For rapid molecular detection of X. euvesicatoria, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and real-time PCR techniques were used. Whole genome comparison results showed that the genome of X. euvesicatoria was more closely relative to X. perforans than X. vesicatoria, and X. gardneri with 98%, 84%, and 86% ANI, respectively. All infected leaves of P. pubescens found positive amplification, and negative controls did not show amplification. The findings of evolutionary history revealed that isolated strains XeC10RQ, XeH9RQ, XeA10RQ, and XeB10RQ that originated from China were closely relative and highly homologous to the X. euvesicatoria. This research provides information to researchers on genomic variation in BLS pathogens, and further molecular evolution and identification of X. euvesicatoria using the unique target recQ gene through advance molecular approaches.

Quantum computation, as part of the broader field of quantum information, represents an assembly of concepts and techniques that concern the nature and processing of information based on quantum mechanics. Quantum computation utilizes unique resources such as quantum superposition and quantum entanglement to encode and process information and has been proved to be dominantly advantageous over classical computation on certain important scientific and engineering problems. Potential applications of quantum computation are expected to influence future information technology and many other related fields deeply and significantly. In this article, we briefly review the history of quantum computation, including how its fundamental ideas and concepts came into being and the development of its significant theories and algorithms. We also discuss the status and outlook of several representative technical routes in this field, including superconducting quantum computation, distributed superconducting quantum computation, photonic quantum computation, trapped-ion quantum computation, silicon-based quantum computation, as well as other systems. Furthermore, by analyzing certain common issues faced by all routes, we propose some thoughts and suggestions for future development of quantum computation in China. We particularly emphasize the following: reinforcement of strategic planning at a national level, establishment of a research team of high caliber, and boost of relevant fundamental research and development of core techniques and critical instruments.

The effects of putrescine on improving rice growth under aluminum (Al) toxicity conditions have been previously demonstrated, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, treatment with 50 μmol/L Al significantly decreased rice root growth and whole rice dry weight, inhibited Ca2+ uptake, decreased ATP synthesis, and increased Al, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, whereas the application of putrescine mitigated these negative effects. Putrescine increased root growth and total dry weight of rice, reduced total Al content, decreased H2O2 and MDA contents by increasing antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase) activities, increased Ca2+ uptake and energy production. Proteomic analyses using data-independent acquisition successfully identified 7 934 proteins, and 59 representative proteins exhibiting fold-change values higher than 1.5 were randomly selected. From the results of the proteomic and biochemical analyses, we found that putrescine significantly inhibited ethylene biosynthesis and phosphorus uptake in rice roots, increased pectin methylation, decreased pectin content and apoplastic Al deposition in rice roots. Putrescine also alleviated Al toxicity by repairing damaged DNA and increasing the proteins involved in maintaining plasma membrane integrity and normal cell proliferation. These findings improve our understanding of how putrescine affects the rice response to Al toxicity, which will facilitate further studies on environmental protection, crop safety, innovations in rice performance and real-world production.

The Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD) algorithm proposed by Huang is a data driven adaptive analysis method for nonlinear time-varying signals. The signals can be decomposed into a few Intrinsic Mode Functions(IMFs) components with physical meaning. However, Mode Mixing(MM) can lead to wrong or false components in time frequency distributions, and then cause the decomposed IMFs losing their physical meaning. This seriously affects the EMD accuracies and applications. This study reviews methods of the MM suppression in one-dimensional and multi-dimensional EMD algorithms. The results improvements and limitations in related researches are summarized. Finally, the future development trend of related researches and applications are discussed.

Traditional depth-averaged morphodynamic models for turbidity currents usually focus on the propagation of currents after plunging. However, owing to the unsteady characteristic of the plunge point locations and the tough conditions of field measurement within the plunge zone in a reservoir, it is difficult in practice to directly provide upstream boundary conditions for these models. A one-dimensional (1D) morphodynamic model coupling open-channel flow and turbidity current in a reservoir was proposed to simulate the whole processes of turbidity current evolution, from formation and propagation to recession. The 1D governing equations adopted are applicable to open-channel flows and turbidity currents over a mobile bed with irregular cross-section geometry. The coupled solution is obtained by a two-step calculation mode which alternates the calculations of open-channel flow and turbidity current, and a plunge criterion is used to determine the location of the upstream boundary for the turbidity current, and to specify the corresponding boundary conditions. This calculation mode leads to consecutive predictions of the hydrodynamic and morphological factors, from the open-channel reach to the turbidity current reach. Turbidity current events in two laboratory experiments with different set-ups were used to test the capabilities of the proposed model, with the effect of free-surface gradient also being investigated. A field-scale application of the coupled model was conducted to simulate two turbidity current events occurring in the Sanmenxia Reservoir, and the method for calculating the limiting height of aspiration was adopted to estimate the outflow discharge after the turbidity currents arrived in front of the dam. The predicted plunge locations and arrival times at different cross-sections were in agreement with the measurements. Moreover, the calculated interface evolution processes and the sediment delivery ratios also agreed generally with the observed results. Therefore, the 1D morphodynamic model proposed herein can help to select the design capacity of the outlets, and optimize the procedure for sediment release in reservoirs.

Artificially intelligent robots as teachers (AI teachers) have attracted extensive attention due to their potential to relieve the challenge of global teacher shortage and realize universal elementary education by 2030. Despite mass production of service robots and discussions about their educational applications, the study of full-fledged AI teachers and children's attitudes towards them is quite preliminary. Here, we report a new AI teacher and an integrated model to assess how pupils accept and use it. Participants included students from Chinese elementary schools via convenience sampling. Questionnaires (n = 665), descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling based on software SPSS Statistics 23.0 and Amos 26.0 were carried out in data collection and analysis. This study first developed an AI teacher by coding a lesson design, course contents and Power Point with script language. Based on the popular Technology Acceptance Model and Task-Technology Fit Theory, this study identified key determinants of the acceptance, including robot use anxiety (RUA), perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU) and robot instructional task difficulty (RITD). Moreover, this study found that pupils' attitudes towards the AI teacher, which could be predicted by PU, PEOU and RITD, were generally positive. It is also found that the relationship between RITD and acceptance was mediated by RUA, PEOU and PU. This study holds significance for stakeholders to develop independent AI teachers for students.

Species of the shore-fly genus Rhynchopsilopa Hendel from China are reviewed. Four new species (Rhynchopsilopa guangdongensis sp. n., R. huangkengensis sp. n., R. jinxiuensis sp. n., R. shixingensis sp. n.) and two previously known species, R. longicornis (Okada) and R. magnicornis Hendel, are described or redescribed. A key to the species hitherto known from China is presented.