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The integrated development of coal and new energy sources is crucial for the smooth transition of China’s energy system and the security and stable supply of energy. Considering China’s resource endowment and its demand for energy supply security and transformation, this study elaborates on the significance and fundamental conditions regarding the integrated development of coal and new energy sources. Moreover, it summarizes the major forms, technical characteristics, and application status of the integrated development from the aspects of four scenarios: integration of coal mining, coal-fired power generation, coal chemical industry, and carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) with new energy sources. Emphasis is placed on five types of technologies: integration of coal development with new energy sources; combined dispatching of wind, solar, thermal, and storage; integration of solar thermal and coal-fired power generation; integration of solar thermal power generation with CCUS; and integration of green hydrogen with the coal chemical industry. Furthermore, this study explores the key technological challenges and breakthrough directions, and proposes the following suggestions: (1) incorporating the integrated development of coal and new energy sources into national strategies; (2) formulating action goals and roadmaps to systematically support the integrated development; (3) strengthening the research and development of technologies regarding coal and new energy sources; and (4) improving fiscal, financial, and talent support policies related to the integrated development.

The shield type temporary support robot is an important component of the intelligent excavation robot system for large section roadways that adapts to the coexistence of dirt and debris. Its main function is to provide a safe and reliable workspace for achieving 'parallel excavation and support' operations. In order to enhance the safe and stable support of the shield type temporary support robot for surrounding rock during its pushing and driving process, based on the structure, working environment, and operational requirements of the shield type temporary support robot, a mathematical model of its pushing amount and support force during pressurized driving, as well as a dynamic model of pressurized driving, are established. A hydraulic control system for the shield type temporary support robot driving under pressure is designed. The system mainly consists of a support hydraulic system and a driving hydraulic system. During static support, the support hydraulic system needs to constantly output a support force greater than the weight of the upper shield body itself, and the driving hydraulic system is in standby mode. When driving under pressure, the support hydraulic system and the driving hydraulic system work simultaneously, ensuring that the temporary support robot 'reducing stress without leaving the roof' while steadily moving forward with the roof under pressure at all times. A precise control method for shield type temporary support robot driving under pressure based on fuzzy PID is proposed. The pressure and displacement signals of the temporary support robot are collected in real time by displacement sensors integrated on the displacement cylinder and pressure sensors in the hydraulic circuit. The signals are used to reflect the changes in support force and driving displacement during the temporary support robot's driving under pressure. Based on the error and error rate of the support force and displacement, the fuzzy PID algorithm is used to modify the control parameters of the support force and displacement, achieving reliable control of driving under pressure based on the fuzzy PID algorithm. Both simulation and experimental results show that the effect of fuzzy PID control is superior to traditional PID control. Under fuzzy PID control, the relative error of support force during the pushing and driving process of the shield type temporary support robot is less than 1%, and the driving displacement error is less than 2 mm. Moreover, the response speed of support force and pushing amount control is fast, ensuring the safe and stable support of the surrounding rock during the pushing and driving process.

C18H12N2O4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.3075(7) Å, b = 6.5075(3) Å, c = 18.4929(9) Å, β = 92.883(4)°, V = 1,479.24(13) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0394, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1047, T = 173 K.

With the rise of computing power networks, a novel infrastructure centered around computational power has emerged as a key driver in the development of the information economy. Data, recognized as a crucial production factor in the digital era, serves as a vital pillar for constructing new development paradigms. The data factor market, acting as the link between data and computational power networks, is particularly critical. Its robust operation directly affects the sustainable development of computational power networks and is provided with crucial support for the information economy system. Therefore, the data products were treated as the focal point, while the processes involved in the data factor market and the inherent connections among these components were introduced. Subsequently, the existing work on three key aspects of the data factor market was studied, including data value, data pricing, and data transactions. Regarding data value assessment, key aspects such as relative data value evaluation were discussed, introducing indicator systems, indicator weights, and value indices. For data asset value assessment, traditional methods such as the cost method, income method, and market method were discussed, as well as emerging methods based on machine learning. In terms of data pricing models, existing methods were categorized into two main types: pricing for dataset products and pricing for data service products. Seven pricing methods were summarized, and the advantages, disadvantages, and applicable scenarios of each method were further analyzed. Regarding data transaction systems, the applications of centralized and distributed architectures in the data trading market were analyzed from the perspective of system architecture. The current status and prospects of both on-exchange and over-the-counter trading modes were then introduced.

ObjectiveTo provided reference for the disposal of similar incidents in the future， a food poisoning incident at a school in Changsha City was analyzed.MethodsThe epidemiologic characteristics of the incident was described， the suspicious food through case-control study was analyzed， food hygiene investigation and laboratory test to find pathogenic factors and contaminated food were conducted.ResultsA total of 54 suspected cases were found， and the clinical manifestations were mainly diarrhea （100%）， abdominal pain （92.59%） and fever （88.89%）. The incubation period of the disease was 2.5-51 h， with a median of 13 h. The case-control analysis showed that food sets of the Salt Crispy Chicken Shop between May 1 and 3， 2022 were suspected high-risk foods. Salmonella was detected in anal swab samples of 14 cases and 3 batches of food samples. The molecular typing analysis of the positive strains isolated by pulse gel electrophoresis showed that they came from the same source of infection and were all Braenderup type.ConclusionThe incident was a food poisoning incident caused by Salmonella Braenderup infection， and the suspected food was boiled eggs. It is suggested that the Market Supervision Bureau should strengthen the supervision of restaurants， the restaurants should improve food hygienic knowledge and standardize the operation process.

Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is a promising metal additive manufacturing technology based on layer by layer powder spreading, and powder bed uniformity has a great influence on the forming quality. By Discrete Element Method and powder spreading experiment, the interaction and movement between powder were studied during powder spreading, including powder jamming, rebound, splash, eddy, and empty powder area. Additionally, five kinds of powder spreading schemes were explored, and the new process of one-way reciprocating with tri-splint blade was designed to change the motion state of powder spreading from “blade pushing powder” to “blade holding powder.” By increasing the distance between the blade and the working platform form 0 to 20 µm with the distance between the upper surface of the substrate and the working platform 50 µm, defects such as powder splash and empty powder decreased. And the uniform powder bed of aluminum alloy powder was achieved with the new process of one-way reciprocating with tri-splint blade structure.

C20H13ClN2O3, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 6.2256(5) Å, b = 18.3976(15) Å, c = 14.5582(15) Å, β = 90.555(8)°, V = 1667.4(3) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0443, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1003, T = 153(2) K.

C16H14N2O3, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 4.9621(10) Å, b = 11.828(2) Å, c = 23.727(5) Å, β = 94.527(4)°, V = 1388.2(5) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0551, wRref(F2) = 0.1847, T = 296(2) K.

As the flexibility needs of new power systems with a high share of new energy sources increase, it is important to develop a flexibility resource market operation mechanism to balance the volatility and uncertainty of large-scale new energy output in real time. To this end, a wind-photovoltaic-thermal-hydrogen coordinated planning method based on a demand proportional allocation mechanism (DPAM) is proposed in the paper. Firstly, a three-phase coordinated operation strategy for wind and photovoltaic systems with hydrogen storage is formulated. Inter-station power trading between wind and photovoltaic based on DPAM coordinates the revenues and expenditures of wind and photovoltaic stations. Thermal power and hydrogen storage systems are used to provide operational flexibility, and a fixed-profit-proportional model is used to ensure the stability of hydrogen storage system revenues. Then, integrating the investment decision and operation simulation, power trading costs and flexibility resource regulation costs are incorporated in the optimization objective. A multi-timescale coordinated planning model with wind serving as the primary power source and thermal power and hydrogen storage as the auxiliary power sources is established. Finally, a provincial grid in northeast China is used as an example for analysis. The results show that the proposed methodology can be used for power planning in an economical and environmentally friendly way, reducing flexibility resource requirements and investment costs while incrersing the power utilization of wind and photovoltaic stations.

Benggang (a fragmented erosion landform) have emerged as crucial factors restraining regional economic development, social stability, and ecological conservation due to their suddenness, explosiveness, and unpredictability. Monitoring the dynamic changes in distribution density, degree of development, and influencing factors of Benggang in large-scale natural environments can constitute preliminary references for studying the mechanisms, patterns, and influencing factors of Benggang in the natural environment, as well as providing insights for the coordination of regional socio-economic development and ecological environment governance. In this study, Sentinel-1/2 satellite constellation remote sensing images and other auxiliary data from 2016 to 2022 were combined with machine learning methods to identify Benggang erosion and measure the influencing factors of Benggang erosion in the middle and upper reaches of the Han River. The results indicate that: 1) The overall accuracy of the classification model in this study is 84%, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.8. The user's and producer's accuracy of Benggang erosion identification both exceed 95%, and their FScore is 0.97. However, smaller-scale Benggang erosion (< 100 m2) is easily confused with grassland and sparse vegetation, thereby reducing the Benggang identification accuracy. 2) Currently, the total area of Benggang erosion in the middle and upper reaches of the Han River is 435.5 km2. There are significant differences in Benggang erosion areas across counties, cities, and districts, with varying annual trends. In terms of spatial distribution, the Benggang erosion areas in Wuhua County, Xingning City, Dapu County, Fengshun County, Meixian District, Pingyuan County, Jiaoling County, and Meijiang District are 199.2, 70.1, 57.7, 50.1, 35.4, 14.9, 3.9, and 1.6 km2, respectively. In terms of time change trends, the average annual rates of change of Benggang erosion areas in Wuhua County, Xingning City, Dapu County, Fengshun County, Meixian District, Pingyuan County, Jiaoling County, and Meijiang District are 16.29, 6.51, 5.31, 4.94, 3.56, 1.39, 0.42, and 0.18 km2/a, respectively. 3) The occurrence probability of Benggang in the study area is significantly correlated (P < 0.001) with elevation, slope, vegetation coverage, geological type, population density, atmospheric pressure, rainfall, meridional wind speed, zonal wind speed, and wind speed. Within a certain range of variation in the influencing factors, elevation, slope, geological type, atmospheric pressure, meridional wind speed, zonal wind speed, and wind speed have a positive impact on Benggang occurrence probability in the study area, while vegetation coverage, population density, and rainfall have a negative impact on the occurrence of Benggang erosion. Furthermore, geological type, slope, atmospheric pressure, elevation, vegetation cover, population density and wind speed are the main influencing factors for the occurrence of Benggang in the study area. Therefore, strengthening the monitoring of these seven variables is necessary to enhance early warning capabilities for geological disasters due to Benggang in the study area.

There are many kinds of distortion of carburizing and quenching gears, but they will be reflected in the grinding amount of gear flanks. Through theoretical analysis and long-term production practice, it is found that the change of tip diameter has the greatest influence on the grinding amount, the change of the helix angle and the circumferential warpage of gear rims takes the second place, and other factors have relatively little influence. The empirical formulas for calculating the maximum and minimum grinding amount of the tooth flank are given, according to the change of the tip diameter and other parameters. These formulas can be used to determine the case-hardened depth (CHD) in drawings, the reserved grinding amount of gear flanks during gear hobbing, and the target CHD during carburizing and quenching. After carburizing and quenching, the maximum and minimum grinding amount and the actual CHD can be calculated and predicted according to these formulas, so as to provide guidance for subsequent production.

Due to its unique wearing comfort, operational flexibility and human-machine cooperation, the supernumerary robotic limb has a wide range of applications, such as medical rehabilitation, the aerospace, industrial production and building decoration, etc. This study analyzes the research status and development trend of supernumerary robotic limb at home and abroad, and reviews the design of the external limb structure, motion modeling, human-machine information interaction and coordination control. Meanwhile, the advantages and disadvantages of rigid external limb and flexible external limb are analyzed, the core and key of the motion modeling of the external limb are illustrated, and the technical challenges of human-machine interaction and optimal cooperative control are revealed. Finally, the main research points of the supernumerary robotic limb are summarized, and its future development direction and trend are prospected.

In this article, ZnO quantum dots (QDs)-g-C3N4 complexes were prepared by a combined sol–gel method and ultrasound-assisted chemical method, and ZnO-g-C3N4 composites with different doping ratios were also prepared for photocatalytic degradation of dye wastewater. The composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and photoluminescence. The photocatalytic performance of the best ZnO QDs-g-C3N4 complexes with different g-C3N4 doping amounts was investigated, and the kinetics of their photocatalytic reactions were analyzed, and it was found that the best effect of ZnO-g-C3N4 10% could reach 89.08% and ZnO QDs-g-C3N4 could reach 91.53%. It was also demonstrated that ZnO-g-C3N4 10%, ZnO QDs-g-C3N4 cyclic stability is better, and the reaction mechanism of ZnO QDs-g-C3N4 was investigated. It can be used for the degradation of dyes in environmental wastewater and the removal of harmful substances from the natural environment.

C17H13ClN2O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 5.3601(4) Å, b = 10.6233(7) Å, c = 25.2125(16) Å, β = 92.920(5)°, V = 1433.96(17) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0495, wRref (F2) = 0.1143, T = 173(10) K.

Currently, the research on the slip instability of rock mass structural planes has not considered the unloading effect during heading. There is relatively little research on the anisotropic structural planes of coal and rock. In order to explore the conditions and influencing factors that trigger the slip of anisotropic structural planes of coal and rock, a mechanical model of anisotropic structural planes is established. A criterion for unlocking slip of anisotropic structural planes under unloading is theoretically derived. A smooth structural plane numerical model is established using universal distinct element code (UDEC) to verify the accuracy of theoretical analysis of the triggering conditions for unlocking the slip of anisotropic structural planes. The influencing factors of unlocking slip of anisotropic structural planes are analyzed. The research results indicate that unlocking slip of anisotropic structural planes of coal and rock is related to the inclination angle of structural planes, internal friction angle, and the ratio of horizontal stress to axial stress. When the horizontal stress is equal to the axial stress, the anisotropic structural plane is always in a locked state without slipping. Increase of axial pressure and horizontal pressure and decrease of internal friction angle will increase the difficulty of unlocking slip on anisotropic structural planes. For downward unlocking slip, when the inclination angle of the structural plane is less than \begin{document}$45^\circ + \dfrac{{{\varphi _{\rm{f}}}}}{2}$\end{document} (\begin{document}$\varphi _{\rm{f}} $\end{document} is internal friction action), its increase will increase the difficulty of unlocking slip. When it is more than \begin{document}$45^\circ + \dfrac{{{\varphi _{\rm{f}}}}}{2}$\end{document}, its increase will reduce the difficulty of unlocking slip. For upward unlocking slip, when the inclination angle of the structural plane is less than \begin{document}$45^\circ - \dfrac{{{\varphi _{\rm{f}}}}}{2}$\end{document} , its increase will increase the difficulty of unlocking slip. When it is more than \begin{document}$45^\circ - \dfrac{{{\varphi _{\rm{f}}}}}{2}$\end{document}, its increase will reduce the difficulty of unlocking slip. For the locked state of structural plane, when the inclination angle of the structural plane is no more than 30°, if the axial stress is greater than the compressive strength, the brittle failure will occur in coal rock combination.

BackgroundData-driven methods for power fault diagnosis heavily rely on the signal data quality of power sensors. The power systems in Tokamak fusion devices often operate in environments with complex electromagnetic field coupling, leading to the mixing of physical characteristic signals with a significant amount of inseparable noise in the collected data.PurposeThis study aims to mitigate the impact of noise on the final diagnostic results by proposing a multi-branch denoising network, termed Hierarchy Branch Denoising Convolutional Neural Network (HBD-CNN) that utilizes noise-resistant wavelet enhancement in conjunction with one-dimensional convolutional neural networks to accomplish power system fault diagnosis tasks under the influence of noise interference.MethodsFirstly, the signal decomposition function of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) was incorporated into the network layer of the convolutional neural network (CNN), and the optimization of the traditional 1D-CNN network structure was deepened alongside the more robust exponentially linear unit (ELU) for noise. Then, a data multi-level structure was constructed based on prior knowledge to leverage and couple it with hierarchical classification modules within the network, hence the generalization capability of HBD-CNN was enhanced. Finally, preliminary validation of the architecture of this model was conducted based on the simulated power supply dataset.ResultsValidation results show that the fault diagnosis accuracy for the power converter reaches 98.31% when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is 10 dB. Even at an SNR of 2 dB, the accuracy remains above 92%.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that HBD-CNN demonstrates excellent fault diagnosis performance and potential under noisy conditions.

The integrated wireless communication system currently applied for the autonomous-rail rapid transit (ART) systems generally adopts 4G public network technology, which is difficult to meet the increasing application demands of large bandwidth and low delay data such as high-definition video monitoring and high-definition media programs. Therefore, this paper presents a bearing scheme for the integrated wireless communication system based on 5G public network technology, according to the actual application requirements of ART project, and based on the technical route analysis of 5G. By lowering the multi-access edge computing (MEC) to the ART operation control center, and based on secondary development of the voice cluster dispatching, the proposed scheme features both large bandwidth and low latency, which enables the integrated bearing of the ART operation control system, voice cluster dispatching, passenger information system, on-board video monitoring and other system data. The scheme has been applied and verified in engineering projects. The results show that the comprehensive coverage rate of 5G SA mode is 99.53% at present, and the wireless signal along the ART can meet the project requirements, providing a reference for the intelligent upgrade of ART.

The irregular characteristics and geometric randomness of horn-type ice are significant while the behaviors of separation are complex. The mechanism and factor leading to the essential change of stall performance are still not clear. According to actual requirements of airworthiness certification of a large passenger aircraft, a family of horn-type ice shapes with different parameters are constructed based on typical supercritical airfoil and icing environment. By combining with wind tunnel test and numerical simulation methods, the parameter sensitivity of airfoil stall characteristics to the change of ice height and angle is systematically analyzed and the essential influence mechanism of the ice shape parameters leading to the change of separation bubble development under stall process is summarized, which provides a theoretical basis for ice airworthiness certification of large passenger aircraft.

There are a large number of potential schedulable resources in the integrated energy system of electricity, heat, cold, and gas. However, most of these energy sources are currently operated separately, with low system flexibility, low energy utilization rate, and serious abandonment of wind and solar energy. In order to improve the flexibility of integrated energy systems and the capacity of renewable energy consumption, an economic dispatch of community-integrated energy systems considering demand-side coordinated response is proposed. Firstly, according to various energy characteristics, mathematical models of various energy forms are established, including wind energy, photovoltaic, gas turbine, gas boiler, and other component characteristics modeling. Secondly, an economic optimal scheduling model of community-integrated energy system considering demand side response is established, including the constraints and objective functions of the optimization model, and the optimization model is solved based on the Yalmip toolbox and Cplex solver in Matlab software. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified by a simulation example.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the oil yield of rapeseed during pressing in a double screw oil press. Methods: To simulate the pressing process of rapeseed and to explore the effects of two factors, the speed of the press screw and the porosity, on the oil yield. Results: The oil yield of rapeseed was linearly related to the porosity, and a larger porosity, was associated with a lower oil yield. Moreover, the oil yield was negatively related to the speed of the press screw. Conclusion: The oil yield of rapeseed was highest when the porosity was 0.45 with the speed of pressing screw at 20 r/min.

Abstract γ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a kind of non‐proteinogenic amino acid which is highly soluble in water and widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Enzymatic conversion is an efficient method to produce GABA, whereby glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is the key enzyme that catalyzes the process. The activity of wild‐type GAD is usually limited by temperature, pH or biotin concentration, and hence directional modification is applied to improve its catalytic properties and practical application. GABA was produced using whole cell transformation of the recombinant strains Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)‐Gad B, E. coli BL21(DE3)‐Gad B‐T62S and E. coli BL21(DE3)‐Gad B‐Q309A. The corresponding GABA concentrations in the fermentation broth were 219.09, 238.42, and 276.66 g/L, and the transformation rates were 78.02%, 85.04%, and 98.58%, respectively. The results showed that Gad B‐T62S and Gad B‐Q309A are two effective mutation sites. These findings may contribute to ideas for constructing potent recombinant strains for GABA production. Practical Application: Enzymatic properties of the GAD from Escherichia coli and GAD site‐specific mutants were examined by analyzing their conserved sequences, substrate contacts, contact between GAD amino acid residues and mutation energy (ΔΔG) of the GAD mutants. The enzyme activity and stability of Gad B‐T62S and Gad B‐Q309A mutants were improved compared to Gad B. The kinetic parameters Km and Vmax of Gad B, Gad B‐T62S, and Gad B‐Q309A mutants were 11.3 ± 2.1 mM and 32.1 ± 2.4 U/mg, 7.3 ± 2.5 mM and 76.1 ± 3.1 U/mg, and 7.2 ± 3.8 mM and 87.3 ± 1.1 U/mg, respectively. GABA was produced using whole cell transformation of the recombinant strains E. coli BL21(DE3)‐Gad B, E. coli BL21(DE3)‐Gad B‐T62S, and E. coli BL21(DE3)‐Gad B‐Q309A. The corresponding GABA concentrations in the fermentation broth were 219.09, 238.42, and 276.66 g/L, and the transformation rates were 78.02%, 85.04%, and 98.58%, respectively.

The efficient and comprehensive utilization of solar energy is of great significance for the sustainable development of energy and the realization of the strategic objectives of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutralization. Firstly, focus on the two main solar energy utilization modes, photovoltaic and photothermal, we systematically introduced the main types, research status and development trend of photovoltaic technologies, as well as the current situation and development trend of thermal power generation, building heating and refrigeration, seawater desalination and industrial heating in photothermal utilization. Then, we discussed the basic principles, main types and research progress of photovoltaic/thermal integration technology, especially the integration technology combined with the phase change heat transfer mode, was systematically introduced. Finally, several flexible "photovoltaic +" solar energy utilization technologies were introduced briefly. Photovoltaic, photothermal, photovoltaic/thermal integration and "photovoltaic +" technologies are still in a period of rapid development, have huge application potential and breed a large number of new technological growth points. These technologies are of great significance to solve the energy and environmental crisis and maintain the sustainable development of human society.

In this study, earthquakes with magnitudes above 3.0 on the Richter scale in southwest China from 1900 to 2013 are taken as research objects. The spatio-temporal migration characteristics of seismic activity in the area of concern are studied by using geostatistics method to explore the rules of seismic activity. From the perspective of geostatistics and based on z-value, eight major seismic zones in southwest China were studied zone-wise by using the geostatistics tool ArcGIS and the seismic analysis tool ZMAP to explore the spatial and temporal migration characteristics of earthquakes. It was found that each seismic zone had its own quiet period with relatively inactive seismic activity. Simultaneously, through the study of the time-varying characteristics of the seismic belt, it was found that the time-varying regularity of the seismic frequency of the fault belt with the same or related geological structure background is roughly consistent. In conclusion, the seismic activity in southwest China will still be active in the future.

Recently, all kinds of geological disasters happen frequently on the earth. In China, there are countless earthquakes every year, which greatly affect the country’s economic level and development as well as the people’s life and health. The analysis of seismic activity is becoming more and more significant. In this article, the spatial distribution of China’s seismic activities was analyzed by using the provincial seismic data from 1970 to 2013. On the basis of spatial autocorrelation analysis theory, Global Moran’s I, Local Moran’s I, and the Local Indicators of Spatial Association are used to measure the geospatial distribution characteristics of China’s seismic activities. The research results show that earthquakes in mainland China have significant global autocorrelation characteristics as a whole, and the global autocorrelation coefficients are all positive. And the Z-value test (P < 0.05) shows that earthquakes in mainland China present a spatial agglomeration pattern. Furthermore, we observed a reduction trend in disparities of seismic activity among regions in China.

In this paper, an improved coupled-mode method is used to design a launcher for a gyrotron quasi-optical mode converter at 170 Ghz with an operating mode of TE32,9. The new method calculates 25 coupled modes, which more accurately simulates the field distribution in the launcher. The diffraction field of the launcher with a spiral cut is calculated by using the scalar diffraction integral method with fast Fourier transform. The radiation power of the launcher is 99.94%, the Gaussian mode content of the radiation beam is 98.40%, the diffraction loss of the launcher is 0.0580%, and the radiation efficiency is 98.34%. The method proposed in this paper is fast in calculation and can be applied to the large-scale high-frequency gyrotron launcher.

C26H18BrN3O2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.5191(14) Å, b = 23.056(3) Å, c = 10.0556(15) Å, β = 95.470(3)°, V = 2196.9(6) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0640, wRref(F2) = 0.1645, T = 296(2) K.

C28H23N3O2, triclinic, P1‾ $P\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 7.6590(7) Å, b = 11.8598(12) Å, c = 12.4954(14) Å, α = 92.027(9)°, β = 99.837(9)°, γ = 93.597(8)°, V = 1114.9(2) Å3, Z = 2, R gt(F) = 0.0508, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1317, T = 293(2) K.

C18H16Cl4N2O3V, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 7.8555(3) Å, b = 21.6645(7) Å, c = 23.7584(8) Å, V = 4043.3(2) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0296, wRref(F2) = 0.0799, T = 296(2) K.

C22H16FN3O2, triclinic, P1‾$\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 8.7335(18) Å, b = 9.967(2) Å, c = 11.968(3) Å, α = 70.677(4)°, β = 86.259(4)°, γ = 65.759(4) Å, V = 893.4(3) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0543, wRref (F2) = 0.1677, T = 296(2) K.

Abstract Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic component of metabolic syndrome and has attracted widespread attention due to its increased prevalence. Daily dietary management is an effective strategy for the prevention of NAFLD. Quinoa, a nutritious pseudocereal, is abundant in antioxidative bioactive phytochemicals. In the present study, the effects of different amounts of quinoa on the progression of NAFLD and the related molecular mechanism were investigated. Methods Male SD rats were simultaneously administered a high fat diet (HF) and different amounts of quinoa (equivalent to 100 g/day and 300 g/day of human intake, respectively). After 12 weeks of the intervention, hepatic TG (triglyceride) and TC (total cholesterol) as well as serum antioxidative parameters were determined, and hematoxylin–eosin staining (H&E) staining was used to evaluate hepatic steatosis. Differential metabolites in serum and hepatic tissue were identified using UPLC-QTOF-MSE. The mRNA expression profile was investigated using RNA-Seq and further verified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Low amounts of quinoa (equivalent to 100 g/d of human intake) effectively controlled the weight of rats fed a high-fat diet. In addition, quinoa effectively inhibited the increase in hepatic TG and TC levels, mitigated pathological injury, promoted the increase in SOD and GSH-Px activities, and decreased MDA levels. Nontarget metabolic profile analysis showed that quinoa regulated lipid metabolites in the circulation system and liver such as LysoPC and PC. RNA-Seq and RT-PCR verification revealed that a high amount of quinoa more effectively upregulated genes related to lipid metabolism [Apoa (apolipoprotein)5, Apoa4, Apoc2] and downregulated genes related to the immune response [lrf (interferon regulatory factor)5, Tlr6 (Toll-like receptor), Tlr10, Tlr11, Tlr12]. Conclusion Quinoa effectively prevented NAFLD by controlling body weight, mitigating oxidative stress, and regulating the lipid metabolic profile and the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and the immune response.

C21H16I N3O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.7439(9) Å, b = 11.8391(8) Å, c = 13.4459(7) Å, β = 99.803(5)°, V = 1999.0(2) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0365, wR ref(F 2) = 0.0905, T = 293(2) K.

C3H10N3O5V, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 5.487(2) Å, b = 7.611(3) Å, c = 19.629(8) Å, β = 101.269(11)°, V = 803.9(5) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0375, wRref(F2) = 0.0866, T = 293(2) K.

As scientific technology and space science progress, remote sensing has emerged as an innovative solution to ease the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. To examine the research characteristics and growth trends in using remote sensing for monitoring and managing the COVID-19 research, a bibliometric analysis was conducted on the scientific documents appearing in the Scopus database. A total of 1,509 documents on this study topic were indexed between 2020 and 2022, covering 165 countries, 577 journals, 5239 institutions, and 8,616 authors. The studies related to remote sensing and COVID-19 have a significant increase of 30% with 464 articles. The United States (429 articles, 28.42% of the global output), China (295 articles, 19.54% of the global output), and the United Kingdom (174 articles, 11.53%) appeared as the top three most contributions to the literature related to remote sensing and COVID-19 research. Sustainability, Science of the Total Environment, and International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health were the three most productive journals in this research field. The utmost predominant themes were COVID-19, remote sensing, spatial analysis, coronavirus, lockdown, and air pollution. The expansion of these topics appears to be associated with cross-sectional research on remote sensing, evidence-based tools, satellite mapping, and geographic information systems (GIS). Global pandemic risks will be monitored and managed much more effectively in the coming years with the use of remote sensing technology.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common urological malignancy. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been confirmed to play an important regulatory role in various cancers. This study aimed to investigate the role and potential mechanism of circTLK1 (hsa_circ_0004442) in RCC. The levels of circTLK1, Cbl proto-oncogene (CBL), and microRNA-495-3p (miR-495-3p) were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or western blot. Cell proliferation, cycle arrest and apoptosis, migration, and invasion were assessed by colony formation, flow cytometry, scratch, and transwell assays. The levels of E-cadherin and Vimentin were measured by western blot. The targeting relationship between miR-495-3p and miR-495-3p or CBL was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Tumor growth in vivo was evaluated by xenograft assay. The results found that circTLK1 and CBL were up-regulated in RCC tissues and cells. Silencing of circTLK1 or CBL inhibited proliferation and metastasis and accelerated apoptosis in RCC cells. In addition, circTLK1 directly bound to miR-495-3p, and CBL was the target of miR-495-3p. circTLK1 sponged miR-495-3p to increase CBL expression. Moreover, knockdown of circTLK1 suppressed tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, down-regulation of circTLK1 restrained proliferation and metastasis and promoted apoptosis in RCC cells by modulating miR-495-3p/CBL axis.

Duplex kidney is a common congenital malformation appeared as duplication of pelvis and ureter. However, renal duplication within sinus renalis is an extremely rare variation of the renal collecting system. In this study, we report a case of an asymptomatic kidney disease in a 33-year-old man, who demonstrates abnormal echo of renal sinus anomaly discovered incidentally in ultrasound examination. Computed tomography urography (CTU) exhibited the other small duplex kidney located in renal sinus. In the excretory phase images, the contrast medium within its small renal pelvis could be seen to flow into the right major renal calices. This case exhibited a very rare anatomical variation of duplicated renal malformation.

BACKGROUND The water-soluble fluoride in soil was pretreated by ultrasonic extraction and determined by ion selective electrode. The thermal effect of ultrasonic cavitation can cause the temperature of the extract to rise, and the test result may be unstable, and it cannot truthfully reflect the water-soluble fluorine content in the soil, which causes problems for the monitoring of fluorine in the soil environment. Therefore, how to effectively control the extraction temperature is the focus of this study. OBJECTIVES To select the optimal temperature control method, verify the accuracy of the results, and preliminarily discuss the inevitability of temperature control. METHODS In order to select the optimal temperature control method, the temperature change of the extraction liquid during the extraction using four temperature control methods was recorded: direct ultrasound, adding ice pack, adding ice water and cooling circulating water. In order to verify its reasonableness and validity, the applicable and representative soil active state component analysis standard material was selected as the experimental sample to determine the soil water-soluble fluorine content. To investigate the effect of temperature on the amount of water-soluble fluoride extracted from soil, the pH value of the extracted liquid was determined during the extraction process. RESULTS The results showed that the cooling circulating water temperature control method could effectively control the extraction temperature within 25±2℃. The relative error (8.9%) was significantly less than that of direct ultrasound method (14.1%). The pH value of the extract liquid did not change significantly, and the determination results were stable and reliable. CONCLUSIONS The temperature control method by cooling circulating water has the advantages of low cost, simple operation, accurate and reliable results, suitable for batch sample treatment, and can be widely used in soil environmental fluorine monitoring.

For the problem of computing offloading decision in mobile edge computing, this paper proposes an offloading decision algorithm based on enhanced learning in multiuser MEC system. According to the task model, calculation model and channel state, ODRL algorithm makes the task unloading decision and uses reinforcement learning method to solve the optimal computing unloading strategy. Simulation results show that the ODRL algorithm proposed in this paper has lower total system cost compared with the baseline strategy.

China has a vast territory, so the energy resource endowments of different regions in the country are significantly varied. Promoting regional energy revolution based on local conditions is an effective way to break the bottlenecks that restrict China’s energy development. This study analyzes the current situation of energy development from the aspects of energy production, consumption, and distribution, and investigates the differences regarding energy consumption intensity and the driving force for energy consumption growth in the core regions (i.e., the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, old industrial bases, the Central China, energy-rich areas, and Southwest China). The medium- and long-term energy development trends and strategic focuses of these regions by 2035 are analyzed. Specifically, the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region should focus on the coordinated development of energy, economy, and environment; an energy system with regional linkage should be formed and optimized in the Yangtze River Delta; the Pearl River Delta can strive to build itself as a clean energy production, storage, and transportation base; economic transformation should be promoted in the old industrial bases through value increment and diversification of energy resources; Central China should establish itself as an integrated energy hub; the energy-rich areas should build itself as a green and sustainable energy security base; and clean energy consumption should be encouraged in Southwest China. To coordinate energy development in various regions, China should fully consider the significant differences in local conditions, promote social development and ecologicalprotection with the regional energy revolution, and encourage regional cooperation in energy.

Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), which can be mounted on space vehicles to collect information of the entire planet with all-day and all-weather imaging capacity, has been an indispensable device for earth observation. Currently, the technology of our spaceborne SAR has achieved a considerable technological improvement, including the resolution change from meter to submeter, the imaging mode from stripmap to azimuth beam steering like the sliding spotlight, the practical application of the multichannel approach and the conversion of single polarization into full polarization. With the development of SAR techniques, forthcoming SAR will make breakthroughs in SAR architectures, concepts, technologies and modes, for example, high-resolution wide-swath imaging, multistatic SAR, payload miniaturization and intelligence. All of these will extend the observation dimensions and obtain multidimensional data. This study focuses on the forthcoming development of spaceborne SAR.