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Abstract A novel polysaccharide PSRa-2 was purified from Stropharia rugosoannulata fruiting bodies using high pressure homogenization-assisted dual enzyme method, ion exchange, and gel chromatography. The PSRa-2 was characterized via FT-IR, HPAEC, SEM, Congo red test, SEC–MALLS-RI, methylation analysis, and NMR analysis. Structural characterization revealed that PSRa-2 was an α-glucan with a Mw 455.6 kDa. The backbone of PSRa-2 was composed of →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ and →3)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ and branches of α-d-Glcp-(1→ at position O-6 of →4,6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→. PSRa-2 induced splenocyte proliferation and protected splenocytes against 5-Fu-induced immunosuppression by restoring the proliferation and secretion of cytokines (TNF-α and IL-2) secretion levels. Thus, PSRa-2 exhibits obviously immunomodulatory activity and represents a potential natural immunomodulator. Graphical Abstract

PFSV-2 is a purified polysaccharide with good hypolipidemic activity from artificially cultivated Sanghuangporus vaninii. In this study, PFSV-2 was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, zeta potential, thermogravimetric analysis and the Congo red test. To assess the protective effect of PFSV-2, H2O2-induced oxidant injury on L929 cells and larval zebrafish models was employed. PFSV-2 significantly reduced H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in L929 cells by decreasing intracellular ROS levels and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, PFSV-2 had an obvious protective effect against H2O2-stimulated oxidative stress in larval zebrafish by decreasing heart rate and reducing ROS generation and cells death. Additionally, PFSV-2 decreased the production of MDA and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT in both L929 cells and larval zebrafish. These results suggested that PFSV-2 may be useful as an antioxidant in the medical and cosmetic industries.

Summary: Modern research has demonstrated that Sanghuangporus vaninii (S. vaninii) has significant therapeutic value, and phenolic compounds are one of its most active ingredients. In this study, deep eutectic solvents (DES) were used to extract the phenolic components from S. vaninii using response surface methodology. The optimal conditions were obtained with a water content of 20%, a material‐to‐liquid ratio of 1:60 g mL−1, an extraction temperature of 70°C and an extraction time of 34 min. Under these conditions, the total phenolic content reached 9.71 ± 0.69 mg g−1, which was higher than the conventional method (4.23 ± 0.44 mg g−1). The phenolic extract was then purified by HPD‐100, and the purified phenolic extracts exhibited distinct antioxidant, antibacterial and hypoglycaemic activities. Twenty‐five phenolic compounds were identified using UPLC‐Triple‐TOF‐MS/MS. These data implied that the integrated action of the identified phenolic compounds had a decisive influence on the biological activity of the extracts, and this study furnished the basis for the utilisation of S. vaninii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study major antioxidant active compounds in Mori Ramulus., Method: The combination of on-line HPLC method and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify major antioxidant compounds and their content was determined by HPLC-DAD (detection wavelength of 320 nm)., Result: Oxyresveratrol was proved to be the major antioxidant compound in Mori Ramulus ethanolic extracts. Using the HPLC-DAD quantitative determination, Mori Ramulus oxyresveratrol had a good linear range of 14-1 260 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 96). The average recovery was 98.2% with RSD of 1.2%. This method is simple, rapid, accurate and sensitive. There was rich oxyresveratrol in Mori Ramulus and the content was significantly different according to the mulberry varieties., Conclusion: The on-line HPLC-MS-DPPH method is applicable for the determination of antioxidant compounds in Mori Ramulus.