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Species of Cantharellus subgenus Cantharellus are interesting and important for their mycorrhizal properties, medicinal values, and edibility. In China, there are many undescribed species of the subgenus. In this study, four new species of subg. Cantharellus, viz. Cantharellus albopileatus, Cantharellus chuiweifanii, Cantharellus pinetorus, and Cantharellus ravus from Hainan and Hunan Provinces, respectively, were described based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence as a contribution to the knowledge of the species diversity in China. Detailed descriptions, color photographs of fresh basidiomata, and line drawings of microstructures of these four new species are presented as well as comparisons with related species.

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China is experiencing renewable energy support schemes evolution from feed-in tariff (FIT) to renewable portfolio standards (RPS) scheme, which can be significantly influenced by renewable and conventional electricity producers strategies. This paper applies evolutionary game theory and system dynamics (SD) model to examine electricity producers strategies in this scheme context. We utilize the data from Chinese wind power industry for simulation to represent evolution of strategies, and research impacts of scheme parameters (subsidy, quota, and fine) on electricity producers and tradable green certificate (TGC) market operation. The results show that, to ensure all the electricity producers willing to trade TGC, scheme parameters should be within a reasonable range. Moreover, the stage descent mode of subsidy and higher level of fine will help the electricity producers accept the RPS scheme as soon as possible and promote the scale of TGC transaction, but the quota requirement should be avoided too low. At the end of the paper, policy implications are offered as references for the government.

Studying the economic performance is of great significance to the policy improvement and investment decisions making of concentrated solar power (CSP) industry. This study developed a cost-benefit model to analyze the economic benefits of CSP industry, under the current technological level and policy system of China. The results showed that: Firstly, the huge initial costs resulted in that the investment of CSP industry had to bear a long capital recovery period, which might add the investment risks; meanwhile it was still economically feasible because of better expected benefits. Secondly, for CSP industry, the internal rate of return mainly varied from 8% to 12%, and the average levelized cost of energy was $0.148/kWh; the economic performance of CSP industry was attractive from the multiple dimensions analysis, and the benchmark feed-in-tariffs could provide effective support for the CSP industry development of China. Thirdly, adopting solar tower CSP technology was better choice to improve the economic benefits of CSP industry, compared with parabolic trough and linear Fresnel CSP technologies. Lastly, the direct normal irradiation, initial costs, annual electricity production and loans ratio had important impacts on the economic benefits of CSP industry, and should be paid more attention in investment decisions.

Renewable portfolio standard (RPS) plays a significant role in developing renewable energy. This study developed an evolution game model of power producers to analyze the symbiotic evolution between RPS and the electric producers’ behavior strategies, and discuss the impacts of the key institutional parameters on the dynamic evolution process of electric producers. To verify the theoretical results, simulation experiments and sensitivity analysis were conducted with meaningful results: Trading Tradable Green certificates (TGC) could become the common belief of all power producers, with the scientific design of institutional parameters. An optimal quota, higher unit fine, lower transaction cost and marginal cost difference of green and thermal power contribute to improving the effectiveness of RPS. This study could provide some scientific recommendations for government to design and construct RPS.

The prospective cost-benefit of CSP (concentrated solar power) is the attention focus for policy-making and investment decisions. In order to analyze cost-benefit evolution of CSP, the paper adopted the net present value and discounted cash flows techniques to develop a mathematical model, and calculated LCOE (levelized cost of energy) of CSP between 2018 and 2050 by taking the CSP industry of China as an example. The results show that: Firstly, CSP has a large potential in the LCOE reduction, and the values of parabolic trough and solar tower CSP systems reduce by 46%–57% and 47%–56% from 2018 to 2050, respectively. Secondly, predicted evolution for the LCOE of CSP strongly depends, not only on the cumulative installed capacity determined by the specific growth paths of Blue Map and Roadmap Scenarios, but also on the learning curves impacted by technical progress and experience accumulation. Thirdly, to select the sites with higher direct normal irradiation and land cost exemption is crucial to improve cost-benefit evolution of CSP. Lastly, the expected returns (i.e. discount rate) have important effect on the LCOE evolution of CSP, high expected returns lead to high the LCOE, and vice versa.

Among the regulatory policies, feed-in tariffs (FIT) and renewable portfolio standards (RPS) are the most popular to promote the development of renewable energy power industry. This paper uses system dynamics (SD) to establish models of long-term development of the renewable energy power industry under FIT and RPS schemes, and provides a case study of China's wind power industry by using scenario analysis method. The model, on the one hand, not only clearly shows the complex logical relationship between the factors but also reveals the process of coordination between the two policy tools in the development of the renewable energy power industry. On the other hand, it provides a reference for scholars to study similar problems in different countries, thereby facilitating an understanding of the renewable energy power's long-term sustainable development pattern under FIT and RPS schemes, and helping to provide references for policy-making institutions. The results show that the integrate implementation of FIT and RPS can promote long-term and rapid development of China's wind power industry given the constraints and actions of the mechanisms of RPS quota proportion, the tradable green certificates (TGC) valid period, and fines. In addition, in the period of the construction of the TGC market, RPS quota growth rate and fine have a no significant effect on industrial development, however, with TGC market game becoming more and more fierce, both of them have a significant positive impact on the long-term development of the industry. TGC valid period has little effect on industrial development in our study. At the end of the paper, policy implications are offered as references for the government.

Among the regulatory policies, feed-in tariffs (FIT) and renewable portfolio standards (RPS) are the most popular to promote the development of renewable energy power industry. This paper uses system dynamics (SD) to establish models of long-term development of China's biomass power industry under FIT and RPS schemes, and provides a case study by using scenario analysis method. The model, on the one hand, not only clearly shows the complex logical relationship between the factors but also reveals the process of coordination between the two policy tools in the development of the industry. On the other hand, it provides a reference for scholars to study similar problems in different countries, thereby facilitating an understanding of biomass power's long-term sustainable development pattern under FIT and RPS schemes, and helping to provide references for policy-making institutions. The results show that in the perfect competitive market, the implementation of RPS can promote long-term and rapid development of China's biomass power industry given the constraints and actions of the mechanisms of RPS quota proportion, the TGC valid period, and fines, compared with FIT. At the end of the paper, policy implications are offered as references for the government.

Bilateral electricity trading is a general transaction mode in electricity market, market subjects’ trading strategies will influence social welfare of the market. This study aims to explore effective bargaining strategies promoting the realization of Nash bargaining solution in bilateral electricity trading. The non cooperative bargaining models with preferences in incomplete information and the fuzzy Bayesian learning are combined to optimize the trading strategies. The results show that: (1) the bargaining strategy considering the preferences of both parties to balance the utility maximization and the acceptance of offers is equal allocation of benefits, and it promotes the formation of equilibrium close to social welfare maximization; (2) fuzzy Bayesian learning can accelerate the bargaining process; (3) compared with simultaneous offers bargaining, in alternating offers bargaining, the convergence to equilibrium is faster and parties have first-mover advantage.

Reasonable design of the tradable green certificate (TGC) system quasi-parameters (benchmark price and technical conversion coefficient) can effectively induce the mutually beneficial cooperation of the TGC market players. However, almost no literature quantitatively estimates the quasi-parameters of TGC system. This paper uses the cooperative game theory to construct the TGC bilateral trade model between renewable energy power generators and distribution power suppliers, and then quantitatively calculates the quasi-parameters of TGC system for social welfare maximization. The results show that: (1) The constructed TGC bilateral trading model guides the mutually beneficial cooperation among market players effectively by realizing benefit expansion and redistribution; (2) The TGC benchmark price and the conversion coefficients can be quantitatively calculated based on the Nash bargaining model. Taking China for example, the benchmark price is 333 yuan/MWh, and the technical conversion coefficients of hydropower, wind power and photovoltaic power are 1, 1.2, and 1.5, respectively.

Among the regulatory policies, feed-in tariffs (FIT) and renewable portfolio standards (RPS) are the most popular to promote the development of renewable energy power industry. They can significantly contribute to the expansion of domestic industrial activities in terms of sustainable energy. This paper uses system dynamics (SD) to establish models of long-term development of China’s waste incineration power industry under FIT and RPS schemes, and provides a case study by using scenario analysis method. The model, on the one hand, not only clearly shows the complex logical relationship between the factors but also assesses policy effects of the two policy tools in the development of the industry. On the other hand, it provides a reference for scholars to study similar problems in different countries, thereby facilitating an understanding of waste incineration power’s long-term sustainable development pattern under FIT and RPS schemes, and helping to provide references for policy-making institutions. The results show that in the perfect competitive market, the implementation of RPS can promote long-term and rapid development of China’s waste incineration power industry given the constraints and actions of the mechanisms of RPS quota proportion, the TGC valid period, and fines, compared with FIT. At the end of the paper, policy implications are offered as references for the government.

A switch scheme of reaction-jet/aerodynamic multi-control missile using pose controlled pulse-engine is present. In order to increase response speed of autopilot and reducing the coupling form Reaction-jet to aerohelm, in the last stage of attacking the aerodynamic controller is disconnection and Reaction-jet controller is used only. In the first part, the model of the Reaction-jet control system is given; then, the Reaction-jet controller has been designed by using variable structure control. Finally it is proved by simulation that this multiple controller can greatly enhance response speed and has well robustness to the effect of jet interaction.