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Background Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the second leading cause of disease burden in the Chinese population, and dietary factors are considered as effective and feasible approaches to reduce the disease burden. Objective To analyze the trends in the disease burden of IHD attributable to dietary factors from 1990 to 2021 and future trends in China, aiming to provide a reference basis for dietary prevention and treatment of IHD in China. Methods Data related to the disease burden of IHD attributable to dietary factors in China, worldwide, and regions with varied socio-demographic index (SDI) from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 (GBD 2021) database. Using the Joinpoint model, the annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) were calculated to analyze the disease burden of IHD attributable to dietary factors in China, worldwide, and regions with varied SDI. Furthermore, the model evaluated the diet-ralated disease burden by gender and age groups in China, as well as the burden of disease attributable to specific dietary factors within the Chinese population from 1990 to 2021. Additionally, the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was used to predict the standardized mortality rate and the standardized disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rate of IHD attributable to dietary factors from 2022 to 2031. Results In 2021, the standardized mortality rate and standardized DALY rate of IHD attributable to dietary factors in China were 44.26/100 000 and 820.87/100 000, respectively, which were close to the global levels, but higher than those of high SDI regions and lower than the remaining four categories of SDI regions. From 1990 to 2021, the standardized mortality rate (AAPC=-0.17%, P

The effects of soymilk fermented with single and mixed (1:1:1) cultures of three strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from sourdough from Fuchun Teahouse in Yangzhou City on the fermentation characteristics of dough and the quality of steamed bun were investigated. The results showed that the acidity and viable bacterial count of soymilk fermented with the mixed culture were 85.06 °T and 9.66 (lg(CFU/mL)), respectively, which were higher than those of the single culture fermented samples. Meanwhile, compared with the control group, the addition of fermented soymilk significantly increased the organic acid content and viable bacterial count of dough. The lactic acid content and viable bacterial count of dough supplemented with Lactobacillus pentosus 203 fermented soymilk were the highest, which were 18.57 mg/g and 8.94 (lg(CFU/g)), respectively. Dough added with Lactobacillus fermentum 202 fermented soymilk had the highest acetic acid content (3.81 mg/g). Compared with control steamed buns, the specific volume, elasticity and height to diameter ratio of four steamed buns supplemented with fermented soymilk were significantly increased, while the hardness and chewiness were significantly decreased. Steamed buns added with mixed-culture fermented soymilk had the highest overall acceptability. A total of 48 volatile flavor substances were detected in the five groups of steamed buns. Among them, the relative contents and types of flavor substances in the mixed culture group were the highest, which were 71.62% and 47, respectively. After being stored at 4 ℃ for 4 days, the moisture loss rate and retrogradation enthalpy of steamed buns added with fermented soymilk were significantly lower than those of the control group; the highest moisture content of 38.53% and the lowest retrogradation enthalpy of 1.00 J/g were found in the mixed culture group. In conclusion, adding fermented soymilk can effectively improve the quality and flavor and delay the aging of steamed buns, this effect being most pronounced with the incorporation of mixed-culture fermented soymilk.

Previous studies on working memory processing characteristics of anxious people have focused more on effects of trait than state anxiety, especially the processing characteristics of working memory under emotional faces. Learning anxiety not only affects teenagers' learning but also their life and overall personality development. This is the first study to examine adolescents with learning anxiety and explore effects of different negative emotional faces on working memory. Adolescents with learning anxiety (n = 30) and typically developing (n = 30) adolescents completed the emotional 2-back task with both facial emotion and gender as target stimulus. When facial emotion was the target stimulus, the two groups were asked to remember facial emotions (anger, sadness, and neutral). When facial gender was the target and facial emotion was the background stimulus, the two groups remembered the facial gender. Working memory performance in the learning anxiety group was worse than in the typically developing group. When facial emotion was the target stimulus, angry and sad faces significantly interfered with working memory performance in the learning anxiety group. When facial gender was the target stimulus and facial emotion was the background stimulus, the interference effect of negative emotion was greater and the accuracy was lower in the learning anxiety group. Therefore, different from the biased effect of trait anxiety on negative emotions, negative emotions (anger and sadness) interfere with the working memory of adolescents in the learning anxiety group. This interference exists regardless of whether negative emotions are the target or background. This result suggests recommendations for educational practices. That is, the interference from negative emotions on students should be avoided, especially those with learning anxiety., Author(s): Yue Shen [sup.1] , Zhaocong Li [sup.1] , Man Shao [sup.2] , Yingwei Liu [sup.3] , Yiyun Zhang [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.440818.1, 0000 0000 8664 1765, School of [...]

Tunnel nanojunctions based on inelastic electron tunneling (IET) have been heralded as a breakthrough for ultra-fast integrated light sources. However, the majority of electrons tend to tunnel through a junction elastically, resulting in weak photon-emission power and limited efficiency, which have hindered their practical applications to date. Resonant tunneling has been proposed as a way to alleviate this limitation, but photon-emissions under resonant tunneling conditions have remained unsatisfactory for practical IET-based light sources due to the inherent contradiction between high photon-emission efficiency and power. In this work, we introduce a novel approach that leverages much stronger resonant tunneling enhancement achieved by multiple metallic quantum wells, which has enabled the internal quantum efficiency to reach ∼1 and photon-emission power to reach ∼0.8 µW/µm2. Furthermore, this method is applicable with different electronic lifetimes ranging from 10 fs to 100 fs simultaneously, bringing practical implementation of IET-based sources one step closer to reality.

BackgroundA healthy gut microbiome is critical for glucose metabolism during pregnancy. In vivo studies indicate that trace element affects the composition and function of the gut microbiome and potentially leads to metabolic disorders but their relationships are largely unknown. We aimed to investigate whether the gut microbiome plays a role in the relationship between trace element exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsIn a prospective cohort study, serum levels of 22 trace elements and the fecal gut microbiome composition were assessed in 837 pregnant women in the second trimester between 22 and 24 weeks of pregnancy prior to GDM diagnosis. Regression and mediation analysis were used to explore the link between element exposure, the gut microbiome, and GDM.Results128 pregnant women (15.3%) were diagnosed with GDM. No individual trace elements were found significantly associated with GDM. In contrast, the composition of the gut microbiome was dramatically altered in women later diagnosed with GDM and characterized by lower alpha diversity and lower abundance of co-abundance groups (CAGs) composed of genera belonging to Ruminococcaceae, Coriobacteriales, and Lachnospiraceae. Rubidium (Rb) was positively associated with alpha diversity indices while mercury (Hg) and vanadium (V) showed negative associations. Elements including rubidium (Rb), thallium (Tl), arsenic (As), and antimony (Sb) were significantly correlated with GDM-related CAGs and mediation analysis revealed that Rb and Sb were inversely related to GDM risk by altering abundance levels of CAGs enriched for Lachnospiraceae, Coriobacteriales, and Ruminococcaceae.ConclusionOur study indicates that trace element exposure is associated with specific gut microbiome features that may contribute to GDM development, which could provide a new avenue for intervening in environmental exposure-related GDM.

Background There has been a widespread concern over the issue of the negative effects of brain cancer on physical and mental health, but there are few studies on the past and future trends of brain cancer mortality in China. Objective To perform an analysis of the trend of crude mortality rate (CMR) of brain cancers in 2000-2019, and that in 2020-2024 in China, providing a reference for formulating prevention and control strategies for brain cancers. Methods Data of brain cancer deaths in China from 2000 to 2019 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, including CMR and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR, calculated using the age composition of the 2019 world population). The mortality trend was analyzed by Joinpoint regression model. The age, period and birth cohort effects of CMR were estimated by intrinsic estimator (IE) and age-period-cohort model (APC model). GM (1, 1) model was established by R (4.1.3) to predict the CMR of brain cancers in 2020-2024. Results The Joinpoint regression analysis the ASMR of brain cancers showed a downward trend in the whole population, male and female populations. The ASMR of brain cancers in the whole population, male and female populations decreased by 0.68%, 0.47%, and 0.87% on average each year, respectively from 2000 to 2019 (P