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The current research work of Pullulan polysaccharide was reviewed, and the types of physical and chemical modifications of Pullulan polysaccharide were summarized. The chemical modifications were divided into esterification modification, copolymerization crooslinking modification, thiolation modification, etc. The application of its modified products in food processing and food preservation was also reviewed. The future research of Pullulan polysaccharide should focus on the direction of reducing pigment production and hydrophilicity, so as to produce excellent Pullulan polysaccharide based membrane materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robust and accurate visual tracking is challenging as targets undergo significant changes in appearance by scale variance, occlusion and fast motion. We propose a novel tracking framework, called scalable spatiotemporal visual tracking algorithm (SSVT). First, we construct the Direction Prediction Model (DPM) to predict the spatiotemporal correlation of the target in the next frame. That will efficiently narrow down the search area and improve the accuracy of spatial location. Then, Occlusion Detection algorithm (ODA) is presented to overcome the wrong updates stemming from the region of interest (ROI) based on the estimated direction and Kalman filter. Finally, the multi-scale pyramid kernelized correlation filter (MSPKCF) is presented in tracking to realize the adaptive adjustment of the varying scales of the targets and the ROI size. Extensive experiments on OTB100 and VOT2016 datasets demonstrate that our tracker performs favorably against state-of-the-art trackers, which can effectively reduce computation redundancy and improve tracking accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBackgroundMethodsResultsConclusionAt present, there is a lack of efficient biomarkers for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer, and the influence of natural factors such as high iodine exposure on the expression of biomarkers remains unclear.Serum samples from papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and non-cancer controls matched 1:1 in different iodine nutritional regions were analyzed metabolomically using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap Exploris mass spectrometry (UHPLC-OE-MS) platform. Then the data were randomly divided into training and test sets in a 1:1 ratio according to the different iodine nutritional regions and different PTC status. In the training set, differential metabolites were selected by multivariate statistical analysis methods, and the prediction models were then built using Random forest (RF), Gradient boosting machine (GBM), and Support vector machine (SVM) models. At last, their diagnostic effects were examined in the test set.PTCs were significantly separated from non-cancer samples, and a total of 37 differentially expressed metabolites were selected. The results of pathway analysis showed that the PTC-related differential metabolites were mainly involved in the sphingolipid metabolism and glycerophosphate metabolism. The prediction models constructed by the 6 screened potential biomarkers could all better identify PTCs in the test set. The metabolomic fingerprinting between PTC and non-cancer groups in different water iodine regions did not show significant disturbance. However, high iodine exposure would effect on the expression of six metabolites, reflecting in a significantly different diagnostic efficacy in different water iodine regions.Serum metabolites have potential value as biomarkers of PTC, and iodine status affects the expression and even diagnostic levels of certain serum metabolites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insulin‐like peptides (ILPs) act as crucial reproductive neuropeptides in insects, regulating insect reproduction through the insulin signaling pathway (ISP). Our previous studies have found that the sublethal concentrations (LC1 and LC10) of lambda‐cyhalothrin (λCy) could induce severe reproductive toxicity in the lacewing, Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder), but the toxicological mechanism remains unclear. This study discovered that λCy could inhibit CsILP transcription, leading to a decrease in insulin content and downregulation of C. sinica insulin receptor (CsInR) and C. sinica forkhead box O (CsFOXO) expression in ISP. Interference with CsILP expression resulted in downregulation of C. sinica vitellogenin (CsVg) and decreasing fecundity, while exogenous injection of bovine insulin promoted upregulation of CsVg expression and facilitated reproduction in female adults of C. sinica. Meanwhile, interference with FOXO of ILP downstream transcription factor could lead to downregulation of CsVg, hindering ovarian development and resulting in a decrease in egg production. However, exogenous injection of bovine insulin could remedy the effects caused by FOXO interference. In addition, ILP mediates juvenile hormone and 20‐hydroxyecdysone biosynthesis by acting on their synthetic regulatory enzymes and influences the signal transduction of the 2 reproductive endocrine hormones, thereby regulating the reproductive endocrine environment in C. sinica. In conclusion, λCy inhibits CsILP expression, leading to disorder of ISP, leading to the reduced fecundity of C. sinica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]