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Soil erosion is a significant global environmental issue and a crucial aspect of global change. Exploring the interactive effect of ecological land agglomeration and habitat quality on soil erosion can effectively guide the positive intervention of ecological restoration activities. The study calculated the comprehensive ecological land agglomeration with Fragstats 4.2 and the habitat quality with InVEST 3.7.0 for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020 within the Jinsha River Basin in Yunnan, China. In addition, the RUSLE model was utilized to calculate soil erosion in the study area. The Geographic and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR) model was employed to obtain the regression coefficients and their spatial and temporal variations. The findings of this study revealed the following: (1) During the study period, there was an overall 29.06% reduction in the soil erosion modulus with an annual rate of 1.70% reduction on average, accompanied by an increase in both the comprehensive ecological land agglomeration and habitat quality. Soil erosion was more severe in the eastern regions than in the western ones and the other two indicators were higher in the northeast and southwest. (2) The GTWR results demonstrate that comprehensive ecological land agglomeration and habitat quality were negatively correlated with soil erosion, with results of −0.1383 and 0.0021, respectively. However, in northwest regions, there was a significant positive correlation between habitat quality and soil erosion. (3) The interaction term between comprehensive ecological land agglomeration and habitat quality was significantly negatively correlated with soil erosion with a result of −0.0299, and the interaction coefficients have regional variations. This study offers valuable guidance for land-use development and soil and water conservation in the Jinsha River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we report the fabrication of cobalt-doped de-NOx catalyst by pyrolyzing an analogous metal-organic framework-74 (MOF-74) containing Fe & Mn. The resulted catalyst exhibits distinctive microstructures of manganese, cobalt, and iron immobilized on N-doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs). It is found through experiments that the trimetallic catalyst Fe2Mn1Co0.5/CNTs-50 has the best NH3-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) performance. The Fe2Mn1Co0.5/CNTs-50 exhibited excellent water and sulfur resistance and good stability under the harsh gas environment of 250 °C and/or 170 °C, NO = NH3 = 1,000 ppm, 8 vol.% O2, 20 vol.% H2O, 1,000 ppm SO2, and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) = 75,000 h−1. The de-NOx conversion was maintained about 55% and 25% after 192 h. The water and sulfur resistance performance were much higher than commercial vanadium series catalyst. The highly water and sulfur resistance performance may be attributed to the unique core-shell microstructure and the synergistic effect of manganese, cobalt, and iron which helps reduce the formation for byproducts (NH4HSO4). This study may promote to explore the development of a high stability catalyst for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As China continues to experience rapid urbanization, understanding the distribution of rural household consumption presents important policy implications. We take a sample of 15,606 households from the National Rural Fixed Observation Point Survey conducted by China's Ministry of Agriculture in 2010. A consistent two-step estimation based on the quadratic almost ideal demand system model is used to assess the distribution of living expenses across eight categories of goods and services. Results show that the price elasticity of food, clothing, and transportation and communication is relatively low, whereas that of durable goods, fuel, health and medicine, culture and education, and others is high. Demographic and regional variables also considerably affect living expenses. Our conclusions can serve as significant reference for evaluating changes in consumption structure and farmers' welfare during the course of modernization in China. This type of analysis may also be conducted in other developing countries in general. En raison de la forte accélération de l'urbanisation en Chine, une meilleure compréhension de la distribution des dépenses de consommation des ménages ruraux permettra d'élaborer de meilleures politiques. Dans la présente étude, nous avons constitué un échantillon de 15 606 ménages à partir de l'enquête National rural Fixed Observation Point réalisée par le ministère de l'Agriculture de la Chine en 2010. Nous avons appliqué une méthode d'estimation en deux étapes, fondée sur le modèle QUAIDS (système de demande presque parfait quadratique), pour évaluer la distribution des frais de subsistance dans huit catégories de biens et services. Les résultats de notre étude ont montré que l'élasticité-prix des aliments, de l'habillement, du transport et des communications est relativement faible, tandis que celle des biens durables, du carburant, des soins de santé et des médicaments, de la culture et de l'éducation, entre autres, est élevée. Les variables démographiques et régionales ont également un impact considérable sur le niveau des dépenses. Les conclusions de notre étude peuvent servir de référence pour évaluer les changements qui touchent la structure de la consommation et le bien-être des agriculteurs durant la modernisation de la Chine. Ce genre d'analyse peut également être appliqué à d'autres pays en développement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]