Search

Multifaceted interrogation of the proteome deepens the system‐wide understanding of biological systems; however, mapping the redox changes in the proteome has so far been significantly more challenging than expression and solubility/stability analyses. Here, the first high‐throughput redox proteomics approach integrated with expression analysis (REX) is devised and combined with the Proteome Integral Solubility Alteration (PISA) assay. The whole PISA‐REX experiment with up to four biological replicates can be multiplexed into a single tandem mass tag TMTpro set. For benchmarking this compact tool, HCT116 cells treated with auranofin are analyzed, showing great improvement compared with previous studies. PISA‐REX is then applied to study proteome remodeling upon stimulation of human monocytes by interferon α (IFN‐α). Applying this tool to study the proteome changes in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) isolated from wild‐type versus Ncf1‐mutant mice treated with interferon α, shows that NCF1 deficiency enhances the STAT1 pathway and modulates the expression, solubility, and redox state of interferon‐induced proteins. Providing comprehensive multifaceted information on the proteome, the compact PISA‐REX has the potential to become an industry standard in proteomics and to open new windows into the biology of health and disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Robotic surgery using da Vinci surgical system has gained prominence in urology; emerging robotic platforms are expanding its applications and increasing affordability. We assess the feasibility and safety of a novel system, the Toumai® robotic system in various urological surgeries. Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou university. Twenty consecutive patients underwent renal and prostatic surgery with the Toumai. The study assessed technical feasibility (conversion rate) and safety (perioperative complications) of the procedures as primary outcomes. Secondary endpoints included key surgical perioperative outcomes: functional and oncologic results. The Endoscopic Surgical System operates within a master–slave protocol, comprising a Surgeon Console, Patient Platform, and Vision Platform. Results: Seventeen patients underwent various nephrectomy procedures and three underwent radical prostatectomy (RP). There was no conversion to alternative surgical approach; a single (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥3b) complication occurred, and no readmission was recorded within 30 days. The median operative time was 120, 140, and 210 minutes for partial nephrectomy (PN), radical nephrectomy, and RP, respectively. Off-clamp PN was performed in one case, and the warm ischemia time in the remaining two case was 18 minutes. The median docking time was 22 minutes for nephrectomy and 20 minutes for RP; no major robotic malfunction was encountered. At 3-month follow-up, no tumor recurrence was recorded, renal function was well preserved, and the continence status was satisfactory. Conclusions: We present the initial clinical utilization of an innovative robotic platform. Complex urological surgeries were successfully completed without conversions and with minimal complications. Further investigations are warranted to confirm these initial findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic materials depleted of heavy stable isotopes are known to deviate strongly in some physicochemical properties from their isotopically natural counterparts. Here we explored for the first time the effect of simultaneous depletion of the heavy carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen isotopes on the bacterium E. coli and the enzymes expressed in it. Bacteria showed faster growth, with most proteins exhibiting higher thermal stability, while for recombinant enzymes expressed in depleted media, faster kinetics was discovered. At room temperature, luciferase, thioredoxin and dihydrofolate reductase and Pfu DNA polymerase showed up to a 250 % increase in activity compared to the native counterparts, with an additional ∼50 % increase at 10 °C. Diminished conformational and vibrational entropy is hypothesized to be the cause of the accelerated kinetics. Ultralight enzymes may find an application where extreme reaction rates are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]