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With the emergence and development of smart wearable electronics and healthcare systems, strong demands for energy saving and effective personal thermoregulation have attracted great attentions. In order to prevent thermal runaway and realize human thermal comfort during the long‐term wear of electronics that closely contact to skin, personal thermal management is emerging as an important strategy to regulate and balance the heat exchange between human body and surrounding environments. Smart fibers and textiles with light weight, mechanical flexibility, multiple responsive, as well as, excellent thermoregulation ability for efficient personal thermal management are eagerly desired in the healthcare applications of wearable electronics. This review summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art advancements on emerging smart fibers and textiles for personal thermal management, including personal cooling, warming, and thermostatic according to the specific healthcare application fields and individual requirements. Advanced fibers and textiles could provide adjustable smart personal thermal regulation ability, in response to various external stimuli and the changes of surrounding environments for efficient personal healthcare are focused on. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of smart fibers/textiles for personal thermal management are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to bridge the gap between control engineering and vibration engineering. We developed three distributed schemes over directed communication graph topology, specifically for vibration reduction of flexible structures. Under the distributed schemes, vibrations are attenuated through agents consisting of distributed observers and controllers. Compared to traditional methods, the developed approaches can reduce the communication overhead and the computational complexity when a large number of actuators and sensors are deployed. Moreover, two of the developed schemes enjoy the flexibility in reconfiguration of communication graph topology and integration of redundant agents. Furthermore, numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed schemes in vibration reduction of flexible structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postharvest decay caused by fungal pathogens is responsible for significant economic losses in the tomato industry. Induction of disease resistance in harvested horticultural crops is an approach to controlling postharvest losses that is being actively investigated. In the current study, the effects of harpin (a bacterial hypersensitive response elicitor) on gray mold and black rot caused by Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata , respectively, in tomato fruit were investigated. Harpin effectively controlled gray mold and black rot on inoculated tomato fruit, as well as natural infection. Harpin treatment at 90 mg L −1 induced the transcript expression of defense-related genes including chitinase , β-1,3- glucanase and phenylalanine ammonia - lyase based on RT-qPCR analysis, increased the activity of these enzymes, and the content of total phenolic compounds and lignin in tomato fruit. Moreover, harpin did not demonstrate any fungicide effect on B. cinerea or A. alternata in vitro . These findings suggest that the effect of harpin on postharvest diseases was attributed to the elicitation of resistant responses, and harpin treatment may represent a promising strategy for managing postharvest decay of tomato fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This work shows excellent catalytic activity of soluble carbon nanofiber (CNF), which was obtained with a simple nitric acid treatment, toward the electroreduction of dissolved oxygen at a low operating potential. Thus the CNF was applied in the construction of amperometric biosensors for oxidase substrates using glucose oxidase as a model. The good dispersion of CNF led to convenient preparation and acceptable repeatability of the proposed sensors. UV–vis spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectra and titration curves demonstrated that the good dispersion resulted from the large numbers of surface oxygen-rich groups produced in the treatment process. The membrane of CNF showed good stability and provided fast response to dissolved oxygen with a linear range from 0.1 to 78μM and detection limit of 0.07μM. The proposed glucose biosensor could monitor glucose ranging from 10 to 350μM with detection limit of 2.5μM and sensitivity of 36.3nAcm−2 μM−1. The coefficients of variation for intra-assay were 4.7 and 3.2% at glucose concentrations of 20 and 210μM, respectively. The use of a low operating potential (−0.3V) and Nafion membrane produced good selectivity toward the glucose detection. CNF-based biosensors would provide wide range of bioelectrochemical applications in different fields. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An ultramicro pH sensor has been constructed based on a thin polyaniline film that was electrochemically deposited onto a carbon fiber nanometer-size electrode. The substrate nanoelectrodes were fabricated using ion-beam conically etched carbon fibers with tip diameters ranging ca. from 100 to 500 nm. The polyaniline film was deposited from HCl solution containing the aniline monomer by cycling the potential between −0.2 and +1.0 V. The electromotive force (emf) signal between the pH sensitive polyaniline-coated nanoelectrode and an Ag/AgCl reference electrode was linear over the pH range of 2.0–12.5 with a slightly super-Nernstian slope of ca. −60 mV/pH unit. Response times ranged from several sec at pHs around 7 up to 2 min at pH 12.5. The proposed pH nanoelectrode displayed high ion selectivity with respect to K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Li+, with log KH,M values around −12 and has a working lifetime of about 20 days. Key parameters important for the pH nanoelectrode performance, including polyaniline film preparation, selectivity, response time, temperature dependence, relative coating thickness, stability, and reproducibility, have been characterized and optimized. The performance of the pH nanoelectrode was examined by measuring the pH of several real samples including body fluids (serum, urine) and low ionic strength water samples (rain, deionized and tap water). The results agreed very well with those obtained by using commercial glass pH electrodes. The proposed pH nanoelectrode demonstrated attractive properties and seems particularly promising for use under physiological conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Biochemical sensors have become indispensable tools for real-time, on-site monitoring and analysis in diverse domains such as healthcare, environmental protection, and food safety. The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has opened new frontiers for enhancing the capabilities of these sensors across a spectrum of detection modalities. This paper delves into the recent integration of AI algorithms into biochemical sensors, examining this advancement from a functional standpoint and focusing on the empowerments it brings to electrochemical, electrochemiluminescence, colorimetric, and Raman sensors. AI techniques aim to enhance the capabilities of biochemical sensors beyond traditional techniques and have enabled improved selectivity, drift correction, efficiency, resolution, assisted diagnosis, and biomarker screening from complex multidimensional data. In the end, we provide a personal perspective on future development and address the remaining challenges in the commercialization of AI-based biochemical sensors. • We introduce the common types and functions of AI algorithms used in biochemical sensors. • AI algorithms enhance biochemical sensors' performance, achieving highly sensitive, precise, and high-throughput analysis. • AI-assisted sensors unlock tremendous benefits across healthcare, environmental protection, and food safety. • A personal perspective on the challenges and future opportunities is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancing the development of point‐of‐care testing (POCT) sensors that utilize interstitial fluid (ISF) presents considerable obstacles in terms of rapid sampling and analysis. Herein, an innovative strategy is introduced that involves the use of a 3D‐printed, hollow microneedle array patch (MAP), in tandem with a vacuum tube (VT) connected through a hose, to improve ISF extraction efficiency and facilitate expedited analysis. The employment of negative pressure by the VT allows the MAP device to effectively gather ≈18 µL of ISF from the dermis of a live rabbit ear within a concise period of 5 min. This methodology enables the immediate and minimally invasive measurement of glucose levels within the body, employing personal healthcare meters for quantification. The fusion of the VT and MAP technologies provides for their effortless integration into a comprehensive and mobile system for ISF analysis, accomplished by preloading the hose with custom sensing papers designed to detect specific analytes. Moreover, the design and functionality of this integrated VT‐MAP system are intuitively user‐friendly, eliminating the requirement for specialized medical expertise. This feature enhances its potential to make a significant impact on the field of decentralized personal healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early intervention in tumors can greatly improve human survival rates. With the development of deep learning technology, automatic image segmentation has taken a prominent role in the field of medical image analysis. Manually segmenting kidneys on CT images is a tedious task, and due to the diversity of these images and varying technical skills of professionals, segmentation results can be inconsistent. To address this problem, a novel ASD-Net network is proposed in this paper for kidney and kidney tumor segmentation tasks. First, the proposed network employs newly designed Adaptive Spatial-channel Convolution Optimization (ASCO) blocks to capture anisotropic information in the images. Then, other newly designed blocks, i.e., Dense Dilated Enhancement Convolution (DDEC) blocks, are utilized to enhance feature propagation and reuse it across the network, thereby improving its segmentation accuracy. To allow the network to segment complex and small kidney tumors more effectively, the Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (ASPP) module is incorporated in its middle layer. With its generalized pyramid feature, this module enables the network to better capture and understand context information at various scales within the images. In addition to this, the concurrent spatial and channel squeeze & excitation (scSE) attention mechanism is adopted to better comprehend and manage context information in the images. Additional encoding layers are also added to the base (U-Net) and connected to the original encoding layer through skip connections. The resultant enhanced U-Net structure allows for better extraction and merging of high-level and low-level features, further boosting the network's ability to restore segmentation details. In addition, the combined Binary Cross Entropy (BCE)-Dice loss is utilized as the network's loss function. Experiments, conducted on the KiTS19 dataset, demonstrate that the proposed ASD-Net network outperforms the existing segmentation networks according to all evaluation metrics used, except for recall in the case of kidney tumor segmentation, where it takes the second place after Attention-UNet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The skin, as the body's largest organ, is closely linked to an individual's health. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of skin infections can lead to complications such as non‐healing wounds and sepsis. Despite significant, early identification of wound infections and timely treatment of non‐healing wounds remain a challenge that requires continuous management. This work presents a novel strategy that combines smart microneedle sensing to inhibit wound infection and track wound healing status. The microneedle tip based on metal‐organic frameworks (MOF) hydrogel allows rapid self‐sterilization and promotes wound healing. The substrate of the microneedle patch based on pH–sensitive fluorescent reagents, can integrate with a smartphone to visualize images. Furthermore, it can be further reliably evaluated wound pH by applying a machine‐learning algorithm. The multifunctional microneedle sensing patch establishes a strategy that combines therapy and sensing to address delayed wound management, promotes the design and optimization of MOF hydrogels, and contributes a facile way for disease diagnosis and personalized health management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early lung cancer screening by computed tomography is hampered by pulmonary nodules caused by massive COVID‐19 infections, necessitating an ultrasensitive approach for the early diagnosis of lung cancers at the single‐base level from circular tumor DNAs (ctDNAs). This study introduces an approach that merges DNA origami and DNA scissors technologies in a framework of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors. By combining the precision of DNA origami probes with the inherent single‐base resolution of DNA scissors, this method systematically addresses the limitations of conventional SPR techniques, resulting in enhanced detection accuracy. The synergistic interplay between DNA scissors and DNA origami enables the SPR biosensors to achieve unprecedented levels of sensitivity, precision, and practical utility. This efficacy allows the precise identification of mutations, demonstrated here by detection of the T790M mutation in the EGFR gene and the G12C mutation in the KRAS gene of non‐small cell lung cancer patients. With this technique, single‐base resolution as well as near zeptomolar‐level sensitivity is achieved. As a result, this discovery holds significant potential to advance the field of precision diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes a method for the preparation of carbon disk ultramicroelectrodes (CDUMEs) utilizing commerical Teflon capillary tubes for encasing the carbon fibers and self-sealing by employing a very capillary-pull technology. Inspection of the insulation capability and sealing quality of Teflon; Definition of Teflon; Importance of CDUME.

Discusses the fabrication, characterization and possible application of carbon fiber cone nanoelectrodes (CFCNEs). Etching of carbon fibers by an argon ion beam thinner; Inspection of CFCNEs by optical and scanning electron microscopy; Measurement of electrochemical behavior by cyclic and linear sweep voltammetric measurements.

Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are a class of novel luminescent nanomaterials that exhibit unique properties of ultra-small size, featuring strong anti-photo-bleaching ability, substantial Stokes shift, good biocompatibility, and low toxicity. Various biomolecules have been developed as templates or ligands to protect AuNCs with enhanced stability and luminescent properties for biomedical applications. In this review, the synthesis of AuNCs based on biomolecules including amino acids, peptides, proteins and DNA are summarized. Owing to the advantages of biomolecule-protected AuNCs, they have been employed extensively for diverse applications. The biological applications, particularly in bioimaging, biosensing, disease therapy and biocatalysis have been described in detail herein. Finally, current challenges and future potential prospects of bio-templated AuNCs in biological research are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are novel inorganic–organic hybridized crystals with a wide range of applications. In the last twenty years, fluorescence sensing based on MOFs has attracted much attention. MOFs can exhibit luminescence from metal nodes, ligands or introduced guests, which provides an excellent fluorescence response in sensing. However, single-signal emitting MOFs are susceptible to interference from concentration, environment, and excitation intensity, resulting in poor accuracy. To overcome the shortcomings, dual-emission MOF-based ratiometric fluorescence sensors have been proposed and rapidly developed. In this review, we first introduce the luminescence mechanisms, synthetic methods, and detection mechanisms of dual-emission MOFs, highlight the strategies for constructing ratiometric fluorescence sensors based on dual-emission MOFs, and classify them into three categories: intrinsic dual-emission and single-emission MOFs with luminescent guests, and non-emission MOFs with other luminescent materials. Then, we summarize the recent advances in dual-emission MOF-based ratiometric fluorescence sensors in various analytical industries. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and prospects for the future development of these sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of trace microRNAs (miRNA) is crucial for early cancer diagnosis. Here, a sensitive biosensor for miRNA directive detection was put forward, which was based on RNA‐templated palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) signal amplification strategy. Uncharged peptide nucleic acids (PNA) probe was used to capture the target miRNA(T‐RNA) specifically. Subsequently, a large amount of palladium ions absorbed on T‐RNA strands via electrostatic forces, and the palladium nanocluster is rapidly generated based on chemical reduction. Obviously, RNA metallization method enables biosensor to be carried out efficiently at room temperature also simplifies the preparation and detection of the sensor. Under optimal conditions, this method can analyze the concentration of miRNA in the range of 10 fM to 1 nM, and the detection limit is 3.33 fM. At the same time, this method has strong anti‐interference ability in serum samples, which provides a broad prospect for the early screening and diagnosis of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open-channel droplet arrays have attracted much attention in the fields of biochemical analysis, biofluid monitoring, biomarker recognition and cell interactions, as they have advantages with regard to miniaturization, parallelization, high-throughput, simplicity and accessibility. Such droplet arrays not only improve the sensitivity and accuracy of a biosensor, but also do not require sophisticated equipment or tedious processes, showing great potential in next-generation miniaturized sensing platforms. This review summarizes typical examples of open-channel microdroplet arrays and focuses on diversified biosensing integrated with multiple signal-output approaches (fluorescence, colorimetric, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), electrochemical, etc.). The limitations and development prospects of open-channel droplet arrays in biosensing are also discussed with regard to the increasing demand for biosensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical and biological/biochemical sensors are capable of generating readout signals that are proportional to the concentration of specific analytes of interest. Signal sensitivity and limit of detection/quantitation can be enhanced through the use of polymers, nanomaterials, and their hybrids. Of particular interest are stimuli-responsive polymers and nanomaterials due to their ability to change their physical and/or chemical characteristics in response to their environment, and/or in the presence of molecular/biomolecular species of interest. Their individual use for sensing applications have many benefits, although this review focuses on the utility of stimuli-responsive polymer and nanomaterial hybrids. We discuss three main topics: stimuli-responsive nanogels, stimuli-responsive network polymers doped with nanomaterials, and nanoparticles modified with stimuli-responsive polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel fluorescence proximity assay (FPA) based on a metal–organic framework (MOF) platform is developed for highly sensitive and selective detection of target protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flunitrazepam, a very potent benzodiazepine with sedative, hypnotic and amnesic effects, is commonly used to treat severe insomnia and as an anesthetic. Due to these characteristics, when flunitrazepam is sneaked into alcohol or drinks, it is often highly associated with violent behavior and drug rape cases. Therefore, it is also known as a "date rape drug", and the detection of flunitrazepam and its metabolites is of great interest in forensic medicine and pharmacotoxicology. This paper describes the mechanism of action and drug metabolism process of flunitrazepam, reviews the different methods for detecting flunitrazepam published over the years, summarizes the detection limits of each method and compares their advantages and disadvantages. We hope to provide some inspiration for future research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current polymerase chain reactions‐based nucleic acid tests for large‐scale infectious disease diagnosis are always lab‐dependent and generate large amounts of highly infectious plastic waste. Direct non‐linear acoustic driven of microdroplets provide an ideal platform for contactless spatial and temporal manipulation of liquid samples. Here, a strategy to programmable‐manipulate microdroplets using potential pressure well for contactless trace detection is conceptualized and designed. On such contactless modulation platform, up to seventy‐two piezoelectric transducers are precisely self‐focusing single‐axis arranged and controlled, which can generate dynamic pressure nodes for effectively contact‐free manipulating microdroplets without vessel contamination. In addition, the patterned microdroplet array can act as contactless microreactor and allow multiple trace samples (1–5 µL) biochemical analysis, and the ultrasonic vortex can also accelerate non‐equilibrium chemical reactions such as recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). The results of fluorescence detection indicated that such programmable modulated microdroplet achieved contactless trace nucleic acid detection with a sensitivity of 0.21 copy µL−1 in only 6–14 min, which is 30.3–43.3% shorter than the conventional RPA approach. Such a programmable containerless microdroplet platform can be used for toxic, hazardous, or infectious samples sensing, opening up new avenues for developing future fully automated detection systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zr-metal–organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) have received increasing interest for their use as the signal marker in the development of sandwich-structured aptasensors for the detection of exosomes. However, Zr4+ ions of the Zr-MOFs can interact with not only the exosomes, but also the aptamers, leading to possible false positives and a large background response. In the present study, we report for the first time aptasensors with Pd nanoparticle (NP)-decorated and hemin-embedded UiO-66 MOFs serving as the signal amplification marker to eliminate false positives and decrease the background response of aptasensors. To construct aptasensors for detection of exosomes, CD63-specific aptamers were tethered onto magnetic Fe3O4 particles coated with polydopamine (PDA) and UiO-66-NH2 using glutaraldehyde crosslinking for capturing the exosomes. To prepare highly catalytic Zr-MOF-based signal markers, UiO-66 MOFs were modified with hemin followed by Pd NPs. The as-prepared Pd-decorated hemin-embedded MOFs showed high catalytic activity towards the chromogenic oxidation reaction of TMB by H2O2. Moreover, the decoration with Pd NPs led to the change of the surface charge state of the catalytic hemin-embedded UiO-66 MOFs from positive to negative, weakening the interaction between the signal marker and the negatively charged aptamers. Therefore, the as-prepared aptasensors showed an improved sensing performance towards exosomes with a linear concentration range from 4.28 × 102 to 4.28 × 105 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 86.2 particles per μL. The as-prepared aptasensors also showed high sensitivity and selectivity to the exosomes from different origins including the HeLa cell line and MCF-7 cell line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A green electrochemical biosensor was developed based on metal-organic framework (MOF)-catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) for quantifying miRNA-21, used as the proof-of-concept analyte. Unlike conventional ATRP, Mn-PCN-222 (PCN, porous coordination network) could be used as an alternative for green catalyst to substitute traditional catalysts. First, poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) was fixed on the surface of the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode, and then the Mn-PCN-222 was linked to ITO electrode via electrostatic binding with PDDA. Next, aminated ssDNA (NH2-DNA) was used to modify the electrode further by amide reaction with Mn-PCN-222. Then, the recognition and hybridization of NH2-DNA with miRNA-21 prompt the generation of DNA−RNA complexes, which further hybridize with Fc-DNA@β-CD-Br15 and permit the initiator to be immobilized on the electrode surface. Accordingly, β-CD-Br15 could initiate the polymerization of ferrocenylmethyl methacrylates (FcMMA) under the catalysis of MOF to complete the ATRP reaction. FcMMA presented a distinct electrochemical signal at ~ 0.33 V. Taking advantage of the unique multi-site properties of β-CD-Br15 and the efficient catalytic reaction induced by Mn-PCN-222, ultrasensitive detection of miRNA-21 was achieved with a detection limit of 0.4 fM. The proposed electrochemical biosensor has been applied to the detection of miRNA-21 in serum samples. Therefore, the proposed strategy exhibited potential in early clinical biomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bioinspired micropatterns exhibit outstanding capacity in controlling and patterning microdroplets, which have offered new functionalities and possibilities towards a wide variety of emerging biological and biomedical applications. By taking the advantages of the microdroplet anchoring ability, enrichment ability, and the accessibility of such bioinspired micropatterns, the selected topic mainly focuses on the important aspects related to (super)wettable surfaces and their emerging sensing applications (DNA, miRNA, proteins, etc.) by combining them with multiple signal output approaches (fluorescence, colorimetric, SERS, electrochemical, etc.). In the end, we also provide a personal perspective on the future development, and address the remaining challenges in the commercialization of (super)wettable micropatterns towards biosensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on lung cancer automatic detection using deep learning algorithms has achieved good results but, due to the complexity of tumor edge features and possible changes in tumor positions, it is still a great challenge to diagnose patients with lung tumors based on computed tomography (CT) images. In order to solve the problem of scales and meet the requirements of real-time detection, an efficient one-stage model for automatic lung tumor detection in CT Images, called ELCT-YOLO, is presented in this paper. Instead of deepening the backbone or relying on a complex feature fusion network, ELCT-YOLO uses a specially designed neck structure, which is suitable to enhance the multi-scale representation ability of the entire feature layer. At the same time, in order to solve the problem of lacking a receptive field after decoupling, the proposed model uses a novel Cascaded Refinement Scheme (CRS), composed of two different types of receptive field enhancement modules (RFEMs), which enables expanding the effective receptive field and aggregate multi-scale context information, thus improving the tumor detection performance of the model. The experimental results show that the proposed ELCT-YOLO model has strong ability in expressing multi-scale information and good robustness in detecting lung tumors of various sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preeclampsia (PE) seriously affects pregnant women and fetuses' health and causes maternal near-misses. CD81 has been confirmed to be a novel PE biomarker with great potential. Herein, a hypersensitive dichromatic biosensor based on the plasmonic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (plasmonic ELISA) is proposed initially for the application of CD81 in early screening for PE. In this work, a novel chromogenic substrate [(HAuCl4)-(N-methylpyrrolidone)-(Na3C6H5O7)] is designed based on the H2O2 dual catalysis reduction pathway of Au ions. The two reduction pathways of Au ions are controlled by H2O2 which ensures that the synthesis and growth of AuNPs are sensitive to H2O2. The amount of H2O2 correlates with the concentration of CD81 and directs the production of different-sized AuNPs in this sensor. Blue solutions are generated when analytes are present. When analytes are absent, solutions turn red. Therefore, due to different absorption peaks in red and blue, bimodal detection can be performed, and then two detection signals can be generated, one on signal at 550 nm and another off signal at 600 nm. This method exhibits a linear response to the logarithmic CD81 concentrations in the range of 0.1–1000 pg mL−1 with detection limits of 86 fg mL−1 and 152 fg mL−1 at two wavelengths. The false positive rate is low due to the nonspecific coloration caused by serum, which produces a more intense color contrast. The results indicate that the proposed dichromatic sensor could be used as a visual sensing platform for the direct detection of CD81 in biological samples and demonstrate its potential in preeclampsia diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Green Synthesis" has been broadly applied in drug synthesis and nanomaterial preparation. The integration of automated micro‐synthesis and high‐throughput screening systems is a key way to achieve the goal of green manufacturing. Here, a one‐click green synthesis platform is designed that integrates droplets arrays‐based micro‐synthesis for Raman enhancement performance high‐throughput screening of MNPs@Cu‐MOF (AuNPs@, AgNPs@, PtNPs@Cu‐MOF) under room temperature and normal pressure. The fully integrated ultrasound units can achieve rapid multi‐component mixing in the droplet array systems, and significantly accelerate materials growth as well as enhance encapsulation of noble metal nanoparticles into Cu‐MOF structures. Based on such integrated systems, structures with high Raman enhancement performance can be high‐throughput evaluation and easily screened out. The results indicated that the AgNPs@Cu‐MOF exhibited the best Raman enhancement performance, which is ≈8 times higher than pure AgNPs. Such a green and integrated platform provides a way for automated multi‐type composites fabrication, which can be expanded to multiple fields in the future via combined robotic platforms and artificial intelligence technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imprinting "sticky" features on the surfaces of common non-sticky flexible materials, such as paper, textile, and polymeric films produces a myriad of adhesive tapes that we use in our daily lives. Recently, the rise of flexible electronics has harnessed the distinct adhesive behavior of adhesive tapes to achieve special scientific and engineering purposes. In this review, recent advances including the structures, properties, mechanisms, and functionalities of adhesive tapes and relevant flexible smart electronics are summarized. We provide a key focus on how the distinct adhesive behavior of adhesive tapes contributes to the redesign and engineering of flexible electronics via physical and/or chemical modifications. The applications of these flexible smart electronics enabled by adhesive tapes are widespread, including high-performance sensors, energy storage/conversion devices, medical and healthcare patches, etc. Finally, we discuss unmet needs and current challenges in the development of adhesive tape-enabled materials and techniques for flexible electronics. With ongoing material and technical innovations, adhesive tape-related electronic products are expected to revolutionize our lifestyle and lead us into the era of artificial intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 is still a global public health concern, and the SARS-CoV-2 mutations require more effective antiviral agents. In this study, the antiviral entry activity of thirty-one flavonoids was systematically evaluated by a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus model. Twenty-four flavonoids exhibited antiviral entry activity with IC50 values ranging from 10.27 to 172.63 µM and SI values ranging from 2.33 to 48.69. The structure–activity relationship of these flavonoids as SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors was comprehensively summarized. A subsequent biolayer interferometry assay indicated that flavonoids bind to viral spike RBD to block viral interaction with ACE2 receptor, and a molecular docking study also revealed that flavonols could bind to Pocket 3, the non-mutant regions of SARS-CoV-2 variants, suggesting that flavonols might be also active against virus variants. These natural flavonoids showed very low cytotoxic effects on human normal cell lines. Our findings suggested that natural flavonoids might be potential antiviral entry agents against SARS-CoV-2 via inactivating the viral spike. It is hoped that our study will provide some encouraging evidence for the use of natural flavonoids as disinfectants to prevent viral infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, a mediator release test (MRT) strategy has been designed for the photoluminescent sensing of glutathione (GSH). On the basis of the redox reaction of GSH and cerium-based nanosheets (Ce(CO3)2 NSs), Ce3+ ions were released to act as a mediator for the photoluminescence emission of the Au–thiolate complexes through an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) process. Remarkably, AIE was also accompanied by high chirality for the in situ synthesis of AuNCs using Ce(CO3)2 NSs as a template and GSH as a releaser for oligomeric Au–thiolate complexes. Multiple characterization techniques, including high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were employed to check the structure and morphology of the Ce(CO3)2 NSs as well as the successful in situ fabrication of the AuNCs. Using this new MRT strategy, an eco-friendly, selective, biocompatible and label-free AIE probe was established for the sensitive sensing of GSH with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.02 μM. Moreover, this switch-on luminescent nanoplatform of the conjugate probe of Au–thiolate/Ce-based NSs was successfully applied for the selective and reliable GSH detection in human serum samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar steam generation has emerged as an environment‐friendly and promising strategy to overcome the freshwater and energy crisis. However, simultaneously attaining the satisfied evaporation rate, durability and energy utilization in a single system is challengeable, but crucial to the practical application. Herein, inspired by the carpet weaving technique and benefiting from "fiber–yarn–fabric" hierarchical structures, a 3D fabric evaporator with vertical hemp‐yarn arrays is innovatively constructed, featuring a combined structure of multiscale pores from tunable spacing between adjacent fibers or yarns, the vertically aligned architecture coated with superhydrophilic MXene‐sandwiched layer and the adjustable side height/areas. These structures work cooperatively, surprisingly achieving the integrated functions of excellent light capture, the balanced evaporation area and vapor escape space, the additional energy adsorption from the environment and the salt exchange along or between micro/macro pores. Consequently, the 3D evaporator exhibits an outstanding evaporation rate (3.95 kg m−2 h−1 under one‐sun illumination) and extremely high outdoor evaporation (47.04 kg m−2 for 8 h), accompanied with outstanding salt‐resistance (continuous 120 h in 14% brine without salt accumulation), anti‐oilfouling and anti‐bacterial (efficiency over 99.9%) performances. Finally, through rationally assembling multi‐function modules with a condenser, an all‐in‐one "desalination–thermoelectricity–irrigation" platform is built, realizing the maximum utilization of steam condensation enthalpy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postharvest decay and quality deterioration of fruits are responsible for significant economic losses in the tomato industry. Selenium (Se) is an important microelement due to its antioxidant properties that allows detoxifying various reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the present study, the effect of a foliar treatment of Se prior to fruit development on the subsequent postharvest decay and quality of tomato fruits was investigated. Foliar treatment of 1 mg L −1 sodium selenate at the time of fruit onset and development effectively controlled gray mold rot caused by Botrytis cinerea on both inoculated and naturally infected tomato fruit. Se treatment reduced lipid peroxidation, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, and increased the concentration of non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as reduced ascorbate and reduced glutathione in the tomato fruits. Se also contributed to the maintenance of fruit quality during storage. The results suggested that Se stimulated the antioxidant defense system in tomato plants, thus making the fruits more resistant to postharvest decay caused by gray mold. Selenium treatment represents a promising strategy for managing postharvest decay and maintaining the quality of tomato fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thrombin, a coagulation system protease, is a key enzyme involved in the coagulation cascade and has been developed as a marker for coagulation disorders. However, the methods developed in recent years have the disadvantages of complex operation, long reaction time, low specificity and sensitivity. Meanwhile, thrombin is at a lower level in the pre-disease period. Therefore, to accurately diagnose the disease, it is necessary to develop a fast, simple, highly sensitive and specific method using signal amplification technology. We designed an electrochemical biosensor based on photocatalytic atom transfer radical polymerization (photo-ATRP) signal amplification for the detection of thrombin. Sulfhydryl substrate peptides (without carboxyl groups) are self-assembled to the gold electrode surface via Au–S bond and serve as thrombin recognition probes. The substrate peptide is cleaved in the presence of thrombin to generate –COOH, which can form a carboxylate-Zr(IV)-carboxylate complex via Zr(IV) and initiator (α-bromophenylacetic acid, BPAA). Subsequently, an electrochemical biosensor was prepared by introducing polymer chains with electrochemical signaling molecules (ferrocene, Fc) onto the electrode surface by photocatalytic (perylene, Py) mediated ATRP using ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate (FMMA) as a monomer. The concentration of thrombin was evaluated by the voltammetric signal generated by square wave voltammetry (SWV), and the result showed that the biosensor was linear between 1.0 ng/mL ∼ 10 fg/mL, with a lower detection limit of 4.0 fg/mL (∼0.1 fM). Moreover, it was shown to be highly selective for thrombin activity in complex serum samples and for thrombin inhibition screening. The biosensor is an environmentally friendly and economically efficient strategy while maintaining the advantages of high sensitivity, anti-interference, good stability and simplicity of operation, which has great potential for application in the analysis of complex samples. [Display omitted] • A thrombin sensor based on atom transfer radical polymerization was designed. • Photo-ATRP based on catalyst perylene was first applied in biosensor. • The biosensor has highly sensitive to thrombin with a detection limit of 4.0 fg/mL. • The biosensor has good anti-interference ability in 0–20% normal human serum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly sensitive ratiometric biosensors have attracted much attention in biomarker detection, but most rely on single-mode signals, which can affect accuracy. The development of new principles and methods for dual-mode ratiometric sensing can enhance detection accuracy. Herein, the zinc(II) meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin/MXene (ZnTCPP/Ti 3 C 2 T x) hybrids with phosphate-induced stimuli-responsive behavior are used to develop a novel dual-mode fluorescent/electrochemiluminescent (FL/ECL) ratiometric biosensor. The composites exhibit FL quenching and enhanced ECL behavior involving dissolved O 2. The FL quenching of ZnTCPP/Ti 3 C 2 T x is caused by energy transfer (EnT) and photo-induced electron transfer (PET) from ZnTCPP to Ti 3 C 2 T x. While the introduction of MXene compensates for the inadequate conductivity of ZnTCPP, facilitating electron transfer, which further makes the surface ZnTCPP more capable of activating O 2 to produce singlet oxygen (1O 2), thereby generating enhanced cathodic ECL. Furthermore, phosphate ions (PO 4 3−) can interact with the Ti sites of ZnTCPP/Ti 3 C 2 T x , leading to competition for coordination with ZnTCPP, which in turn detaches ZnTCPP, resulting in enhanced FL and reduced ECL. On the basis of the phosphate-induced stimuli-responsive behavior, the dual-mode FL/ECL ratiometric biosensing of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is achieved through ALP-catalyzed production of PO 4 3− cascade effect with ZnTCPP/Ti 3 C 2 T x. The linear detection range for ALP is 0.1–50 mU/mL, with a detection limit as low as 0.0083 mU/mL. This proposed ZnTCPP/Ti 3 C 2 T x composites with stimuli-responsive behavior is expected to provide new ideas for the development of high-sensitivity dual-mode ratiometric biosensors with promising applications in the precise detection of important biomarkers. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A magnetic zirconium hexacyanoferrate-based Prussian blue analog (MB@ZrHCF) nanozyme was synthesized using dopamine (DA) reduction-assisted method and employed for colorimetric PO43− sensing. The MB@ZrHCF exhibits enhanced peroxidase-mimicking activity and ultrafast catalytic rate via the color reaction of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidized by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The catalytic reaction mechanism of MB@ZrHCF catalyzing H2O2 to produce hydroxyl radical (∙OH) was studied. Then, MB@ZrHCF was successfully applied to the detection of H2O2. Additionally, the catalytic activity of the nanocomposite is inhibited due to the steric hindrance effect from the coordination of PO43− and Zr(IV) node. Based on this, the MB@ZrHCF nanozyme can be used to detect PO43− in two linear ranges (10–100 µM and 100–200 µM) with a limit of detection of 2.25 µM. The proposed colorimetric sensor possesses excellent selectivity and reliability for PO43− sensing, which can be successfully applied to detect PO43− in sea and tap water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic films comprising the arrayed mesoporous and big-inner-diameter carbon nanotubes embedded with high density Au nanoparticles were prepared through a template-directed carbonization route. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Retraction Note: Artificial photoactive chlorophyll conjugated vanadium carbide nanostructure for synergistic photothermal/photodynamic therapy of cancer" has been retracted by the Editors-in-Chief of the Journal of Nanobiotechnology. The retraction was made at the request of the corresponding author due to concerns raised about the images presented in the figures. The editors found similarities and overlaps in the images, and the authors were unable to provide the original data for validation. Springer Nature, the publisher, remains neutral in this matter. [Extracted from the article]

Optically active nanostructures consisting of organic compounds and metallic support have shown great promise in phototherapy due to their increased light absorption capacity and high energy conversion. Herein, we conjugated chlorophyll (Chl) to vanadium carbide (V2C) nanosheets for combined photodynamic/photothermal therapy (PDT/PTT), which reserves the advantages of each modality while minimizing the side effects to achieve an improved therapeutic effect. In this system, the Chl from Leptolyngbya JSC-1 extracts acted as an efficient light-harvest antenna in a wide NIR range and photosensitizers (PSs) for oxygen self-generation hypoxia-relief PDT. The available large surface of two-dimensional (2D) V2C showed high Chl loading efficiency, and the interaction between organic Chl and metallic V2C led to energy conversion efficiency high to 78%. Thus, the Chl/ V2C nanostructure showed advanced performance in vitro cell line killing and completely ablated tumors in vivo with 100% survival rate under a single NIR irradiation. Our results suggest that the artificial optical Chl/V2C nanostructure will benefit photocatalytic tumor eradication clinic application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Possessing both unique asymmetric structures and remote-controlled active movement, light-responsive Janus micro-/nanomotors offer the possibility of breaking through the limitations of traditional biomedicine, and have fascinated and inspired researchers. Despite many obstacles toward the clinical application, impressive progress of light-responsive Janus micro-/nanomotors for bioanalytical applications has been made over the past decades. In this review, we first briefly introduced several main light-driven Janus micro-/nanomotors, then focused on their typical bioanalytical applications such as biosensing, bioimaging, and theranostic. In the end, we summarized the remaining challenges of light-responsive Janus micro-/nanomotors in the practical application and also proposed potential solutions in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin carbon nanofibers (TCNFs) hanging on branched carbon nanofibers (3D TCNF/CNF) with an N-doping level up to 8.7 at% for high-performance supercapacitors are designed and synthesized. TCNF/CNF shows a 3D hierarchical porous structure, a large surface area, abundant ionic-channels, and a great number of electrochemically active sites by N-doping. Because of the multiple synergistic effects of these features, the supercapacitors (SCs) based on TCNF/CNF show a remarkably excellent electrochemical behavior with a high specific capacitance of 224 F g−1. After 50 000 cycles of charge/discharge, 92% of the initial capacitance value is retained in 1.0 M H2SO4 electrolyte. Moreover, the TCNF/CNF-based SCs show low internal resistance, leading to a high power density with a relatively high energy density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Developing a novel biosensor to detect miRNA-21 based on PET-RAFT signal amplification. • PET-RAFT catalyzed by erythrosin B was first applied to biosensor. • The biosensor has highly sensitive to miRNA-21 with a detection limit of 12.4 aM. • The biosensor exhibits an excellent anti-interference ability in serum samples. Quantitative detection of the cancer-associated biomarker miRNA-21 is essential for the prevention and treatment of early-stage cancer patients. In the early diagnosis of cancer, due to the low concentration of miRNA in the organism, it is necessary to develop a fast, simple, highly sensitive and specific method using signal amplification techniques. Herein, a photo-induced electron/energy transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization signal amplification electrochemical biosensor was developed. Peptide nucleic acid was used as the recognition probe for miRNA-21 and the chain transfer agent (4-cyano-4-(dodecylsulfonylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)sulfonylpentanoic acid) bearing a carboxylic acid group was successfully conjugated with a phosphate group in the presence of ZrOCl 2 to form the phosphate-Zr(IV)-carboxylic acid complex. Subsequently, the polymerization of the monomer (ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate) was achieved by blue light irradiation in the presence of erythrosin B (higher triple quantum yield) and triethanolamine (increases electron transfer rate). With this sophisticated signal amplification biosensing platform, low detection limit of 12.4 aM was achieved for miRNA-21. The biosensor reduces costs and simplifies experimentation while ensuring high sensitivity and selectivity. Meanwhile, the biosensor exhibits excellent anti-interference ability in serum samples and has great potential for practical applications in the early prevention of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible and transparent conductors are essentially required in epidermal wearable devices such as electronic-skins (E-skins) that facilitate human interaction and biofeedback. However, due to the "trade-off" effect between high electrical conductivity and optical transparency, it is difficult to obtain transparent E-skins with high electrical conductivity. Furthermore, traditional transparent conductor is bulky and brittle which is not suitable for flexible and wearable applications. Herein, ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) titanium carbide (MXene) nanosheets with metallic conductivity, hydrophilic surface and excellent mechanical flexibility was proposed as a novel high-performance transparent conductor, which was further developed as wearable E-skins. Solution-processable MXene conductive ink was obtained by facilely etching Al from MAX phase for large-scale spray coating to obtain flexible transparent conductors. The flexible, transparent, and conductive MXene-based electrodes own a sheet resistance as low as 200 Ω/sq, while with high optical transparency of 60% @550 nm, which is sufficient for the applications of E-skins. Moreover, the transparent MXene-based soft E-skins also exhibits outstanding mechanical flexibility which could maintain its high opto-electrical performance even after 1000 cyclic bending tests. In addition, the robust flexible transparent MXene-based E-skins also could accurately identify the movements of human body including approaching, touching and pressing, which is essentially required in various application scenarios such as human-machine interactions, touch panels and healthcare sensors. The solution-processable flexible, transparent and conductive MXene-based E-skins holds tremendous potential in emerging wearable applications. Ultrathin two-dimensional T 3 C 2 T X -MXene nanosheets with metallic conductivity, hydrophilic surface and excellent mechanical flexibility was proposed as a novel high-performance transparent conductor, which was further developed as wearable E-skins. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Size-match MNSs avoided the distortion or physical damage of nanogels induced by compositing process. • MNSs wrap strengthened nanogel networks and supported them from disassembly via giving exoskeleton. • Both wrapping and size-match MNSs had a significant higher quenching efficiency towards the emissive nanogels. • Well-wrapped nanocomposites had much better biological effects. Compositing has been the main approach for material creation via wisely combining material components with different properties. MnO 2 nanosheets (MNSs) with thin 2 D morphology are usually applied to composite molecules or nanomaterials for biosensing and bioimaging applications. However, such composition is actually structurally unmatched, albeit performance matching. Here, a series of benefits merely on the basis of structural match have been unearthed via tailoring MNSs with four sizes by synthesis under controllable hypergravity field. The classical fluorophore-quencher couple was utilized as the subject model, where the soft supramolecular nanogels based on aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active gold nanoclusters were wrapped by MNSs of strong absorption. By comparative study of one-on-one wrapping and one-to-many encapsulation with geometrical selection of different MNSs, we found that the one-on-one wrapping model protected weakly-bonded nanogels from combination-induced distortion and strengthened nanogel networks via endowing exoskeleton. Besides, wrapping pattern and size-match significantly enhanced the quenching efficiency of MNSs towards the emissive nanogels. More importantly, the well-wrapped nanocomposites had considerable enhanced biological compatibility with much lower cytotoxicity and higher transfection capacity than the untailored MNSs composite and could serve as cellular glutathione detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porphyrinic metal−organic frameworks (PMOFs) are a type of emerging porous material with potential applications in catalysis, biomedicine, and sensing. Despite their plentiful advantages, the applications of many PMOFs are ultimately limited by their water stability. The water stability of PMOFs is influenced by the coordination interactions between metal nodes and water molecules. In this work, based on the excellent photoluminescent properties of magnesium porphyrins, the interactions between water molecules and PMOFs with 15 metal nodes were studied and assessed by the fluorescence method. First, the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) effect of these PMOFs was investigated. Subsequently, according to the fluorescence intensity and kinetic performance of PMOFs in ethanol with different water contents, a model for the water stability of PMOFs was established, and PMOFs were classified into three categories: water stable, relatively stable, and unstable. Finally, the water-sensitive magnesium node PMOF (MgTCPP-Mg) can serve as an excellent fluorescent probe for highly sensitive detection of trace water in organic media, particularly methanol, with detection limits as low as 0.0093 % (v/v). The establishment of this evaluation method and model helps researchers choose the appropriate PMOFs according to their needs. [Display omitted] • A fluorescence analysis model was developed for assessing the water stability of PMOFs. • The ligand-to-metal charge transfer effect of PMOFs was investigated by fluorescence analysis. • The interaction of PMOFs with different contents of water was studied by fluorescence analysis. • A highly water-sensitive MgTCPP-Mg was selected for ultra-sensitive water detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • FADH 2 was used as a catalyst for ATRP system to detect microRNA-21 for the first time. • FADH 2 as ATRP catalyst can reduce the damage of organic reagents to the sandwich structure of nucleic acids. • The mechanism of FADH 2 polymerization in ATRP was studied. • A highly specific and sensitive microRNA-21 biosensor based on FADH 2 was developed. • The applicability of the method was confirmed by the detection of microRNA-21 added to human serum. For early diagnosis of disease, ultrasensitive mircoRNA-21 detection has considerable potential. In this paper, an ultra-sensitive fluorescence detection method for microRNA was developed by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). This ATRP reaction was first initiated by using flavin mononucleotide (FADH 2). The DNA probe 1 modified with amino group was fixed on the magnetic nanoparticle Fe 3 O 4 , and microRNA-21 was added to form the probe 1-microRNA-21. Another carboxy-modified DNA 2 forms a sandwich structure with the bound microRNA-21. Two terminally modified DNA types are used as microRNA probes, using complementary base pairing to form a stable super-sandwich structure between the DNA probe and the microRNA. Under optimal conditions, microRNA was detected in PBS buffer with a detection limit of 0.19 fM. And even in 10% of human serum, microRNA-21 can be detected with a detection limit of 47.8 fM. Results show that this method has high selectivity, efficiency and stability, which broad application prospect in microRNA ultra-sensitive detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Vitamin B 12 is milder and more efficient as an electrically initiated catalyst; • Monomer polymerization downed the detection limit to 1.010 fM. • Polymer chains are extremely stable and can be stored for long periods of time. Vitamin B 12 being a natural catalyst in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, good biocompatibility and high catalytic efficiency. In this report, an electrochemical biosensor of the lung cancer biomarker microRNA-21 (miRNA-21) is designed for early screening of lung cancer with high sensitivity at the femtomolar level. In this approach, hairpin DNA with N 3 end group was first attached to the electrode surface. When miRNA-21 was present and paired with hairpin DNA, the N 3 group released and attached to the ATRP initiator through "click reaction". Through eATRP, a large number of FerrocenylMethyl Methacrylate (FcMMA) monomers polymerized into long chains for signal amplification. These long chains had a distinct electrical signal in the square wave voltammetry (SWV), which can detect RNA with high sensitivity. The limit of detection (LOD) goes down to 1.010 fM after ATRP polymerization, which is lower than that of the majority of other ultra-sensitive RNA electrochemical assays. Results also show that the vitamin B 12 -based electrochemical biosensor is highly selective and suitable for RNA detection in complex biological samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mercury ions (Hg2+) are one of the most physiologically toxic heavy metal ions in water. Developing adsorbents for separating and removing mercury ions from aquatic systems has important environmental and social significance. Owing to the hard-soft-acid-base interaction between mercury and sulfur (S) atoms, two-dimensional layered MoS 2 holds great promise in capture physiologically toxic Hg2+ from water, but most S atoms are located inside the bulk MoS 2 , hindering the effective contact with mercury. Defects engineering is considered as an effective way to adjust the structure and achieve superior performance of MoS 2. However, reasonable and fine defect modulation to enhance the mercury adsorption performance remains a challenging task. Herein, we reported that molybdenum sulfide with Mo-vacancy structure (MV-MoS x) was fabricated via hydrothermal method and employed to uptake Hg2+. The results showed that this defect type significantly increased the concentration of Mo stripping defects, exposed more active S atoms, and provided MoS x with excellent adsorption performance in adsorption capacity, adsorption kinetics, distribution coefficient, selectivity and so on. In particular, MV-MoS x demonstrates a substantial actual adsorption capacity for mercury, reaching as high as 3723.3 mg/g, which is in close proximity to its theoretical adsorption capacity of 3945.95 mg/g. More importantly, a functionalized composite aerogel system based on MV-MoS x was constructed, which successfully reduced the concentration of Hg2+ solution below the concentration permitted by drinking water standards. Our study not only provide a theoretical basis for the design of novel defect engineering, but also expand the application of transition metal sulfides in the enrichment and separation of heavy metal ions. [Display omitted] • Defect engineering was proposed to improve the adsorption performance of MoS 2 in the field of environmental remediation. • The MV-MoS x with abundant Mo atomic vacancies and accessible binding sites was synthesized. • MV-MoS x could capture 3723.3 mg/g Hg2+ from aqueous solution. • The removal mechanism was illustrated in detail. • MV-MoS x /VFs was fabricated and employed to filter wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urinalysis is an effective strategy to non-invasively evaluate human health, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) may be a powerful technique for use in detecting analytes in urine. Herein, we report a wearable diaper sensor based on a handheld Raman spectrometer for use in the simple, label-free identification of biomolecules (urea, creatinine, and bilirubin) in urine. The raspberry-shaped Au substrate formed on the surface of an Si wafer provides plasmonic enhancement of the SERS signals, with an excellent uniformity and stability. The SERS sensor combines the advantages of flexibility, portability, and multifunctional detection and may be used in identifying multiple analytes in urine. The sensor exhibits high sensitivities in detecting urea, creatinine, and bilirubin, with respective detection limits of 4.17 × 10−3 M, 5.90 × 10−6 M, and 1.38 × 10−7 M (signal-to-noise ratio = 3). Furthermore, we used the wearable diaper sensor to monitor biomolecules at the diagnostic threshold, facilitating non-invasive diagnosis and medical monitoring of disease-related biomarkers. [Display omitted] • Noninvasive plasmonic sensor for multiplex biomarkers determination in urine developed. • The raspberry-shaped Au substrate increases uniformity and stability. • The sensor exhibits high sensitivity in the detection of urea, creatinine, and bilirubin. • A hand-held Raman spectrometer for simple SERS urinalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uric acid (UA) is considered a potential risk factor in the causation or progression of kidney disease. Capabilities in personalized health monitoring enabled by capture and quantitative analysis of uric acid in the interstitial fluid could make up for the limitations of approach assessment of blood samples. Herein, we report a microfluidic−based wearable plasmonic microneedle sensor for interstitial fluid (ISF) sampling and minimally invasive uric acid monitoring. Under the force of the negative pressure generated by finger push. The hollow microneedle array could extract and deliver subcutaneous fluids to the sensing chamber by a microfluidic channel for SERS detection. The SERS sensing chip based on three-dimensional (3D) gold nanoarrays was found to have excellent reproducibility with 5.96% RSD. This high−density microarray showed ultrasensitive and label-free detection of uric acid molecules with a detection limit of 0.51 µM and enable fast identification of target molecules by integration with a handheld Raman spectrometer. The sensing platform may help bring unlimited possibilities for efficient medical healthcare and early disease prevention in daily life. • Plasmonic microneedle sensor for uric acid determination in interstitial fluid developed. • A microfluidic chip enables sampling and delivery ISF from skin by negative pressure. • Linear SERS response over wide concentration range (1 ×10−5 M to 1 ×10−3 M). • Low limit of detection of 0.51 µM. • A handheld Raman spectrometer increase the portability of testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we demonstrated a mini‐pillar based multi‐channel electrochemical platform that can efficiently adjust multiple electrochemical deposition parameters in the microdroplet arrays to control and predict the final structures of silver nanomaterials. Each mini‐pillar is capable of anchoring microdroplet to form a separate microreactor, and the electrodes are integrated to achieve a multi‐channel electrochemical electrodeposition platform. We systematically investigated the multiple deposition parameters of silver nanostructures and summarized the relevant experience of electrochemical silver deposition to guide silver nanostructure preparation. Such the mini‐pillar based microdroplet platform provides an approach for further high‐throughput and intelligent nanomaterial fabrication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microdistance sensor, which can accurately detect the microdistance change, possesses significant applications in the cutting‐edge technologies including biomedicine, energy storage, and info‐communications. However, the high cost, complicated operation, and stringent testing requirements of the existing microdistance sensors limit their widespread application in the frontier fields, especially for the intelligent wearable electronics. Herein, a novel mechanism to detect microdistance change is developed, in which the external microdistance brings a change in the thickness of conductive textile and further converts into a distinguishable electrical signal. The polyester/polypyrrole (PET/PPy) conductive textile is fabricated via in situ solventless polymerization, and the derived microdistance sensor exhibits an ultrahigh sensitivity of 179 m−1 within the detection region of 10–480 µm, a high resolution up to 5 µm, and good stability. The excellent sensing performance can be attributed to the high elasticity, deformation‐recovery property, and 3D network structures of the PET/PPy conductive textile. Furthermore, the wearable sensor is applied to detect the microdistance changes in human and robot activities, providing an efficient and low‐cost solution for microdistance detection in intelligent medical, health monitoring system, and biomimetic robot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]