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Internal solitary waves (ISWs) are gravity waves that are often observed in the interior ocean rather than the surface. They hold significant importance due to their capacity to carry substantial energy, thus influence pollutant transport, oil platform operations, submarine navigation, etc. Researchers have studied ISWs through optical images, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, and altimeter data from remote sensing instruments. However, cloud cover in optical remote sensing images variably obscures ground information, leading to blurred or missing surface observations. As such, this paper aims at altimeter-based machine learning solutions to automatically locate ISWs. The challenges, however, lie in the following two aspects: 1) the altimeter data has low resolution, which requires a strong machine learner; 2) labeling data is extremely labor-intensive, leading to very limited data for training. In recent years, the grand progress of deep learning demonstrates strong learning capacity given abundant data. Besides, more recent studies on efficient learning and self-supervised learning laid solid foundations to tackle the aforementioned challenges. In this paper, we propose to inject prior knowledge to achieve a strong and efficient learner. Specifically, intrinsic patterns in altimetry data are efficiently captured using a scale-translation equivariant convolutional neural network (ST-ECNN). By considering inherent symmetries in neural network design, ST-ECNN achieves higher efficiency and better performance than baseline models. Furthermore, we also introduce prior knowledge from massive unsupervised data to enhance our solution using the SimCLR framework for pre-training. Our final solution achieves an overall better performance than baselines on our handcrafted altimetry dataset. Data and codes are available at https://github.com/ZhangWan-byte/Internal_Solitary_Wave_Localization ., Comment: 29 pages, 5 figures

Accurate and robust localization remains a significant challenge for autonomous vehicles. The cost of sensors and limitations in local computational efficiency make it difficult to scale to large commercial applications. Traditional vision-based approaches focus on texture features that are susceptible to changes in lighting, season, perspective, and appearance. Additionally, the large storage size of maps with descriptors and complex optimization processes hinder system performance. To balance efficiency and accuracy, we propose a novel lightweight visual semantic localization algorithm that employs stable semantic features instead of low-level texture features. First, semantic maps are constructed offline by detecting semantic objects, such as ground markers, lane lines, and poles, using cameras or LiDAR sensors. Then, online visual localization is performed through data association of semantic features and map objects. We evaluated our proposed localization framework in the publicly available KAIST Urban dataset and in scenarios recorded by ourselves. The experimental results demonstrate that our method is a reliable and practical localization solution in various autonomous driving localization tasks.

The bridge arm of the hybrid modular multilevel converter (MMC) is composed of half-bridge and full-bridge sub-modules cascaded together. Compared with the half-bridge MMC, it can operate in the boost-AC mode, where the modulation index can be higher than 1, and the DC voltage and the AC voltage level are no longer mutually constrained; compared with the full-bridge MMC, it has lower switching device costs and losses. When the hybrid MMC boost-AC mode is used in the power electronic transformer, the degree of freedom in system design is improved, and the cost and volume of the power electronic transformer system can be further reduced. This paper analyzes how to make full use of the newly added modulation index of freedom introduced by the boost-AC hybrid MMC to optimize the power electronic transformer system, and finally gives the optimal modulation index selection scheme of the hybrid MMC for different optimization objectives., Comment: 6 pages

In human-computer interaction, it is crucial for agents to respond to human by understanding their emotions. Unraveling the causes of emotions is more challenging. A new task named Multimodal Emotion-Cause Pair Extraction in Conversations is responsible for recognizing emotion and identifying causal expressions. In this study, we propose a multi-stage framework to generate emotion and extract the emotion causal pairs given the target emotion. In the first stage, Llama-2-based InstructERC is utilized to extract the emotion category of each utterance in a conversation. After emotion recognition, a two-stream attention model is employed to extract the emotion causal pairs given the target emotion for subtask 2 while MuTEC is employed to extract causal span for subtask 1. Our approach achieved first place for both of the two subtasks in the competition.

Electro-sorption (ES) is a research frontier in electrochemical separation, with proven potential applications in desalination, wastewater treatment, and selective resource extraction. However, due to the limited adsorption capacity of film electrodes, ES requires short circuiting or circuit reversal, accompanied by solution-switch between the feed solution and receiving solution, to sustain desalination over many charging-discharge cycles. In the literature, solution-switch have been commonly ignored to simplify experimental procedures and its impacts on separation performance are thus not well understood. This study aims to provide a quantitative analysis of the impacts of mixing due to solution-switch on the performance of ES-based desalination. A numerical model of ES has been employed to evaluate the adverse effects of solution-switch on the desalination performance in three different operation modes. The analysis reveals that the impacts of mixing due to solution-switch are more severe with a larger concentration difference between the desalinated water and the brine and provides insights on the effectiveness of increasing electrode loading or specific capacity in mitigating the detrimental impacts of mixing. Even with state-of-the-art systems, producing freshwater from seawater or even brackish water with medium-to-high salinity is practically challenging due to the presence of solution-switch., Comment: 27 pages, 6 figures, 1 table

Communication in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has been proven to effectively promote cooperation among agents recently. Since communication in real-world scenarios is vulnerable to noises and adversarial attacks, it is crucial to develop robust communicative MARL technique. However, existing research in this domain has predominantly focused on passive defense strategies, where agents receive all messages equally, making it hard to balance performance and robustness. We propose an active defense strategy, where agents automatically reduce the impact of potentially harmful messages on the final decision. There are two challenges to implement this strategy, that are defining unreliable messages and adjusting the unreliable messages' impact on the final decision properly. To address them, we design an Active Defense Multi-Agent Communication framework (ADMAC), which estimates the reliability of received messages and adjusts their impact on the final decision accordingly with the help of a decomposable decision structure. The superiority of ADMAC over existing methods is validated by experiments in three communication-critical tasks under four types of attacks., Comment: Accepted by AAAI 2024

In massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems under the frequency division duplexing (FDD) mode, the user equipment (UE) needs to feed channel state information (CSI) back to the base station (BS). Though deep learning approaches have made a hit in the CSI feedback problem, whether they can remain excellent in actual environments needs to be further investigated. In this letter, we point out that the real-time dataset in application often has the domain gap from the training dataset caused by the time delay. To bridge the gap, we propose bubble-shift (B-S) data augmentation, which attempts to offset performance degradation by changing the delay and remaining the channel information as much as possible. Moreover, random-generation (R-G) data augmentation is especially proposed for outdoor scenarios due to the complex distribution of its channels. It generalizes the characteristics of the channel matrix and alleviates the over-fitting problem. Simulation results show that the proposed data augmentation boosts the robustness of networks in both indoor and outdoor environments. The open source codes are available at https://github.com/zhanghy23/CRNet-Aug.