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Background: Rosette-Forming Glioneuronal Tumors (RGNTs) are rare, typically benign central nervous system tumors primarily located in the fourth ventricle and pineal region. Despite being classified as WHO grade I with generally favorable prognoses, RGNTs present complexities in their molecular mechanisms, occasional malignant transformation, and epidemiological characteristics that require further investigation. Method: This study systematically reviews the existing literature to analyze the epidemiological patterns, MRI characteristics, pathological features, diagnostic challenges, and molecular mechanisms associated with RGNTs, aiming to provide a comprehensive theoretical foundation for clinical practice and future research. Results: Through an in-depth review of recent studies, key molecular mechanisms, including mutations in FGFR1, PIK3CA, TERT, and IDH1/2, are highlighted. Additionally, the challenges in accurate diagnosis and the potential for misdiagnosis are discussed, emphasizing the importance of thorough molecular analysis in clinical settings. The literature indicates that RGNTs predominantly affect young adults and adolescents, with a slight female predominance. MRI typically reveals mixed cystic–solid lesions, often accompanied by hydrocephalus. Pathologically, RGNTs are characterized by a combination of neuronal and glial components, with immunohistochemical staining showing positivity for Synaptophysin and GFAP. High frequencies of FGFR1 and PIK3CA mutations underscore the significance of these pathways in RGNT pathogenesis and progression. Although RGNTs generally exhibit low malignancy, the TERT mutations identified in some cases suggest a risk of malignant transformation. Conclusions: This study concludes that while current treatment strategies focus on surgical resection, integrating molecular diagnostics and targeted therapies may be essential for managing recurrent or refractory RGNTs. Future research should explore the impact of various gene mutations on tumor behavior and their correlation with clinical outcomes, to optimize individualized therapeutic strategies and improve patient survival and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current electricity transaction process in the electricity market has problems such as high risk, time-consuming, and low efficiency. In order to solve such problems, an improved smart contract electricity transaction model based on blockchain is proposed. The blockchain is a decentralized database with advantages such as non-tampering and encryption security. The blockchain has the advantages of decentralization and high securing. The blockchain and smart contract are applied in the proposed model to improve the efficiency and security of the electricity transaction process. Firstly, the existing problems of the current electricity transaction model are analyzed. Risk assessment is carried out. A decentralized electricity transaction scenario is constructed. Secondly, the reliability coefficient is combined with smart contracts to establish an improved smart contract electricity transaction model based on blockchain. Finally, the feasibility of the model is verified by simulating electricity transaction. The results show that the improved smart contract electricity transaction model proposed is more efficient than the existing transaction model. The model effectively reduces the risk of being attacked and maintain the power market transaction order, thus providing a new idea for the electricity market transaction mode.

Procapra picticaudata is an ungulate endemic to the Tibetan Plateau and is widely distributed in the Three-River-Source region. Predicting the seasonal variations in habitat suitability and understanding the effects of environmental variables on habitat use by this species will help formulate effective conservation strategies and clarify its niche characteristics. Based on point records of the occurrence collected during repeated field surveys in winter (January 2019) and summer (August 2019), we used MaxEnt model to predict the differences in habitat suitability and the distribution pattern of the P. picticaudata in the Three-River-Source region using eight preselected environmental variables. We further explored the influence of those variables on the P. picticaudata' distribution pattern using environmental response curves. The results showed that the average area under the receiving operator curve values in winter and summer was 0.901 ±0.023 and 0.882±0.024, respectively, with a good accuracy of fitness. The total area of suitable habitat for P. picticaudata in winter and summer was 6. 83 X 104 and 9. 78 X 104 km2, respectively. The area of suitable habitats in summer increased significantly compared with winter. There was a tendency for P. picticaudata to spread to the south of the Yangtze River Source Park and the Yellow River Source Park in summer. The spatial patterns of habitat suitability in both winter and summer took Three-River-Source National Park as the high-value center and decreased around it. The seasonal average temperature, altitude, population density, and slope were the main environmental variables affecting the distribution of P. picticaudata both in winter and summer. The higher temperatures in summer allowed the suitable P. picticaudata habitats to extend into areas above 5000 m in altitude, and to areas with slopes of less than 25°, compared with winter. The expansion of human activities in summer encroached on the suitable habitat of P. picticaudata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]