Search

Purpose: To determine whether perioperative esketamine use decreases the risk of postpartum depression (PPD). Methods: Online search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase was conducted to identify relevant studies. Key words for search included, but were not limited to, postpartum depression, esketamine, and clinical trials. The mean and standard deviation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores were extracted from the studies as primary parameters. Results: The literature search identified 226 articles, of which 5 met the criteria and were enrolled in the study. In total, 886 patients in the studies were taken into analysis. The EPDS scores in the esketamine group were lower than those of the control group at the early stage of puerperium (WMD=− 2.05, 95% CI: − 3.77, − 0.34, p=0.019), whereas there was no significant difference at the middle and later stages (WMD=− 1.41, 95% CI: − 2.86, 0.04, p=0.056). The sensitivity analyses indicated that the result for the early stage was stable, whereas it was unreliable for the middle and later stages. The results of the Egger's test indicated no publication bias. Conclusion: Perioperative use of esketamine contributes to a lower risk of PPD at the early stage of puerperium but not at the middle and later stages. To further verify this conclusion, more high-quality studies are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mood disorder. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has a significant effect on treatment-resistant MDD. Esketamine may have potential advantages in improving the efficacy of ECT, and the strong affinity of this compound for NMDAR renders it a viable therapeutic option for the management of depression. This study aims to compare the effects of different doses of esketamine combined with propofol anesthesia versus propofol anesthesia alone in ECT, aiming to provide further insights for optimizing ECT and enhancing comprehensive treatment outcomes for depression. Study Design and Methods: This study was a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind trial involving subjects and evaluators. One hundred eleven patients scheduled for ECT were randomly assigned to three groups. In Group P, propofol at 1mg/kg was administered intravenously. In Group P+E, propofol at a dosage of 0.5mg/kg and esketamine at a dosage of 0.5mg/kg was administered intravenously. Patients in Group P+SE received propofol at a dosage of 0.75mg/kg and esketamine at a dosage of 0.25mg/kg. The same anesthesia protocol was used for the same patient until the end of the last treatment. The primary outcome measures were the Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), and the Digit symbol substitution test (DSST). Secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay, readmission rate, hemodynamic status, recovery, and adverse events. Discussion: This study aimed to compare the effects of propofol combined with different doses of esketamine for ECT. The results may provide a better choice for ECT anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coordination geometry variations of cations in yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) melt system doped with various Er3+ concentrations were quantitatively simulated at the classical molecular dynamic level. Our calculated radial distribution functions were discussed upon different ionic pairs, mean square displacement, and diffusion coefficient of ions, on which we clarified two important aspects, namely structure and dynamic properties in YAG melts with intermediate-range order (IRO). Our results show that Er3+ doping affects microscopic dynamic melt structures only in a confined scale localizing in the first nearest neighbour of Er3+ and O2−. Furthermore, such a localization effect is not varied with Er3+ concentration and system temperature. In the present melt system, Y3+, Al3+, and Er3+ cations with intrinsic differences (such as mass and electronegativity scales) were found to follow the same diffusion process in this system, which is mainly caused by the wholly collective rearrangement of the network-forming structure. In this Er3+:YAG melt system, there is an equivalence within both structure and dynamics for Er3+ and Y3+, which cannot be affected by the system temperature and Er3+ concentration, ascribing to the origin of the segregation coefficient of Er3+ in YAG to be equal to 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) having many excellent properties, investigation of the liquid structure of YAG at high temperatures is significant for numerous fields, including crystal nucleation, glass fabrication, and single-crystal growth. The structure of YAG within a certain temperature range, including the melting point, was studied by molecular dynamic simulations, and a YAG single crystal was rapidly grown. Compared with the YAG crystal, the coordination number of oxygen ions for both Al3+ and Y3+ dropped, and the bond length between the cations and anions shortened after melting. These two phenomena can be understood systematically within the framework of Pauling's third rule, and its universality has been verified in various oxide systems. In the liquid YAG, the coordination number decreased and the bond lengths between cations and anions reduced with the increase in temperature. Furthermore, the motifs in the melt were very different from those in the YAG crystal, and the main structural units in the melt were AlO4 and YO7. Based on the understanding of the structure of the YAG melt, an insight could be gained into the phase selection in the undercooled YAG melt, and a rapid pull-up growth of YAG was realized by using the Czochralski method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) having many excellent properties, investigation of the liquid structure of YAG at high temperatures is significant for numerous fields, including crystal nucleation, glass fabrication, and single-crystal growth. The structure of YAG within a certain temperature range, including the melting point, was studied by molecular dynamic simulations, and a YAG single crystal was rapidly grown. Compared with the YAG crystal, the coordination number of oxygen ions for both Al3+ and Y3+ dropped, and the bond length between the cations and anions shortened after melting. These two phenomena can be understood systematically within the framework of Pauling's third rule, and its universality has been verified in various oxide systems. In the liquid YAG, the coordination number decreased and the bond lengths between cations and anions reduced with the increase in temperature. Furthermore, the motifs in the melt were very different from those in the YAG crystal, and the main structural units in the melt were AlO4 and YO7. Based on the understanding of the structure of the YAG melt, an insight could be gained into the phase selection in the undercooled YAG melt, and a rapid pull-up growth of YAG was realized by using the Czochralski method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]