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8. Inherited and acquired corona of coronavirus in the host: Inspiration from the biomolecular corona of nanoparticles

Author

Gao, Jie, Zeng, Li, Yao, Linlin, Wang, Ziniu, Yang, Xiaoxi, Shi, Jianbo, Hu, Ligang, Liu, Qian, Chen, Chunying, Xia, Tian, Qu, Guangbo, Zhang, Xian-En, and Jiang, Guibin

Subjects
COVID-19, Coronaviruses, Biomolecular corona, Acquired corona, Host environments, Infection, Biomedical Engineering, Nanotechnology, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Abstract

The family of coronavirus are named for their crown shape. Encoded by the genetic material inherited from the coronavirus itself, this intrinsic well-known "viral corona" is considered an "inherited corona". After contact with mucosa or the entrance into the host, bare coronaviruses can become covered by a group of dissolved biomolecules to form one or multiple layers of biomolecules. The layers acquired from the surrounding environment are named the "acquired corona". We highlight here the possible role of the acquired corona in the pathogenesis of coronaviruses, which will generate fresh insight into the nature of various coronavirus-host interactions.

Published
2021

18. Sustainability of SARS-CoV-2 Induced Humoral Immune Responses in COVID-19 Patients from Hospitalization to Convalescence Over Six Months

Author

Zheng, Yang, Zhang, Qing, Ali, Ashaq, Li, Ke, Shao, Nan, Zhou, Xiaoli, Ye, Zhiqin, Chen, Xiaomin, Cao, Shanshan, Cui, Jing, Zhou, Juan, Wang, Dianbing, Hou, Baidong, Li, Min, Cui, Mengmeng, Deng, Lihua, Sun, Xinyi, Zhang, Qian, Yang, Qinfang, li, Yong, Wang, Hui, Lei, Yake, Yu, Bo, Cheng, Yegang, Tong, Xiaolin, Men, Dong, and Zhang, Xian-En

Published
2021
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20. Diverse Applications of Nanomedicine.

Author

Pelaz, Beatriz, Alexiou, Christoph, Alvarez-Puebla, Ramon A, Alves, Frauke, Andrews, Anne M, Ashraf, Sumaira, Balogh, Lajos P, Ballerini, Laura, Bestetti, Alessandra, Brendel, Cornelia, Bosi, Susanna, Carril, Monica, Chan, Warren CW, Chen, Chunying, Chen, Xiaodong, Chen, Xiaoyuan, Cheng, Zhen, Cui, Daxiang, Du, Jianzhong, Dullin, Christian, Escudero, Alberto, Feliu, Neus, Gao, Mingyuan, George, Michael, Gogotsi, Yury, Grünweller, Arnold, Gu, Zhongwei, Halas, Naomi J, Hampp, Norbert, Hartmann, Roland K, Hersam, Mark C, Hunziker, Patrick, Jian, Ji, Jiang, Xingyu, Jungebluth, Philipp, Kadhiresan, Pranav, Kataoka, Kazunori, Khademhosseini, Ali, Kopeček, Jindřich, Kotov, Nicholas A, Krug, Harald F, Lee, Dong Soo, Lehr, Claus-Michael, Leong, Kam W, Liang, Xing-Jie, Ling Lim, Mei, Liz-Marzán, Luis M, Ma, Xiaowei, Macchiarini, Paolo, Meng, Huan, Möhwald, Helmuth, Mulvaney, Paul, Nel, Andre E, Nie, Shuming, Nordlander, Peter, Okano, Teruo, Oliveira, Jose, Park, Tai Hyun, Penner, Reginald M, Prato, Maurizio, Puntes, Victor, Rotello, Vincent M, Samarakoon, Amila, Schaak, Raymond E, Shen, Youqing, Sjöqvist, Sebastian, Skirtach, Andre G, Soliman, Mahmoud G, Stevens, Molly M, Sung, Hsing-Wen, Tang, Ben Zhong, Tietze, Rainer, Udugama, Buddhisha N, VanEpps, J Scott, Weil, Tanja, Weiss, Paul S, Willner, Itamar, Wu, Yuzhou, Yang, Lily, Yue, Zhao, Zhang, Qian, Zhang, Qiang, Zhang, Xian-En, Zhao, Yuliang, Zhou, Xin, and Parak, Wolfgang J

Subjects
Animals, Humans, Neoplasms, Drug Carriers, Drug Delivery Systems, Particle Size, Nanotechnology, Nanomedicine, Nanoparticles, Bioengineering, Prevention, Biotechnology, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, Generic Health Relevance, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Abstract

The design and use of materials in the nanoscale size range for addressing medical and health-related issues continues to receive increasing interest. Research in nanomedicine spans a multitude of areas, including drug delivery, vaccine development, antibacterial, diagnosis and imaging tools, wearable devices, implants, high-throughput screening platforms, etc. using biological, nonbiological, biomimetic, or hybrid materials. Many of these developments are starting to be translated into viable clinical products. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in nanomedicine and highlight the current challenges and upcoming opportunities for the field and translation to the clinic.

Published
2017

35. Competition between H 4 PteGlu and H 2 PtePAS Confers para -Aminosalicylic Acid Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Author

Yu, Ji-Fang, Xu, Jin-Tian, Feng, Ao, Qi, Bao-Ling, Gu, Jing, Deng, Jiao-Yu, and Zhang, Xian-En

Subjects
MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis, MYCOBACTERIA, THYMIDYLATE synthase, TETRAHYDROFOLATE dehydrogenase, BACTERIAL metabolism, ANTITUBERCULAR agents, TUBERCULOUS meningitis
Abstract

Tuberculosis remains a serious challenge to human health worldwide. para-Aminosalicylic acid (PAS) is an important anti-tuberculosis drug, which requires sequential activation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) dihydropteroate synthase and dihydrofolate synthase (DHFS, FolC). Previous studies showed that loss of function mutations of a thymidylate synthase coding gene thyA caused PAS resistance in M. tuberculosis, but the mechanism is unclear. Here we showed that deleting thyA in M. tuberculosis resulted in increased content of tetrahydrofolate (H4PteGlu) in bacterial cells as they rely on the other thymidylate synthase ThyX to synthesize thymidylate, which produces H4PteGlu during the process. Subsequently, data of in vitro enzymatic activity experiments showed that H4PteGlu hinders PAS activation by competing with hydroxy dihydropteroate (H2PtePAS) for FolC catalysis. Meanwhile, over-expressing folC in ΔthyA strain and a PAS resistant clinical isolate with known thyA mutation partially restored PAS sensitivity, which relieved the competition between H4PteGlu and H2PtePAS. Thus, loss of function mutations in thyA led to increased H4PteGlu content in bacterial cells, which competed with H2PtePAS for catalysis by FolC and hence hindered the activation of PAS, leading to decreased production of hydroxyl dihydrofolate (H2PtePAS-Glu) and finally caused PAS resistance. On the other hand, functional deficiency of thyA in M. tuberculosis pushes the bacterium switch to an unidentified dihydrofolate reductase for H4PteGlu biosynthesis, which might also contribute to the PAS resistance phenotype. Our study revealed how thyA mutations confer PAS resistance in M. tuberculosis and provided new insights into studies on the folate metabolism of the bacterium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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