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The forest eco-compensation fund system had been performed ever 5 years until now in China, by which its aim has been partly achieved successfully though many problems were hidden. The scope of the subject in the system is too narrow and the object is limited to only some kinds of trees and woody plants. In addition, the compensation criteria are non-scientific with irregular distribution of compensation. The perfection of the system should proceed with improving the system itself and software environment. With respect to the improvement of the system itself, the following aspects should be included, i.e. , multi-level compensation criteria, multi-component subject in compensation and various local and autonomous regulations of eco-compensation. As to the soft environment, the forest protection teams should be strengthened with the enhanced eco-consciousness of masses on forest. And it is also required to apply for the forest projects provided by international organization, NGOs and domestic developments concerned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mode innovation of internal Control systems in enterprises and how to choose an appropriate mode are changing with the controllable conditions. Discussing the changing trend and characteristics of the mode of internal control systems in enterprises, four modes are defined, i. e. , the modes of control systems for regulation, budget, evaluation and incentive. According to the recent enterprises' circumstances, the first requirement for most enterprises is the regulation control system, and the next is the budget control system. Some enterprises require evaluation control system, and only few of them diretly require incentive control system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles(PELNs) are a class of membranous vesicles with diameters approximately ranging from 30 to 300 nm, isolated from plant tissues. They contain components such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. PELNs play an important role in the metabolism of plant substances and immune defense, and can also cross-regulate the physiological activities of fungi and animal cells, showing significant potential applications. In recent years, research on PELNs has significantly increased, highlighting three main issues:(1) the mixed sources of plant materials for PELNs;(2) the lack of a unified system for isolating and characterizing PELNs;(3) the urgent need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the cross-regulation of biological functions by PELNs. This article focused on these concerns. It began by summarizing the biological origin and composition of PELNs, discussing the techniques for isolating and characterizing PELNs, and analyzing their biomedical applications and potential future research directions., aiming to promote the establishment of standardized research protocols for PELNs and provide theoretical references for in-depth exploration of the mechanisms underlying PELNs' cross-regulatory effects.

Ampelocalamus actinotrichus (Merrill & Chun) S. L. Chen, T. H. Wen & G. Y. Sheng and Neomicrocalamus prainii (Gamble) P. C. Keng are reported with new distribution records in southern and southeastern Yunnan, China, respectively. Ampelocalamus actinotrichus was previously recorded to be endemic to Hainan, China, and Neomicrocalamus prainii to be distributed in southern Tibet and western Yunnan in China, northeastern India, and Burma. The identities of individuals collected in southern and southeastern Yunnan of these two species are confirmed by molecular evidence. The new distribution record of Ampelocalamus actinotrichus provides a case at the species level for confirming floristic affinities of southern Yunnan and Hainan Island in south China. The disjunct distribution of Neomicrocalamus prainii in Yunnan is concordant with the ecogeographical diagonal line from northwestern Yunnan to southeastern Yunnan and this may imply a tropical origin of this species. In addition, the inflorescence of Melocalamus yunnanensis (T. H. Wen) T. P. Yi is described.