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The present research was undertaken in order to study the effect of exogenous fructose treatment on postharvest softening of apricot fruits. ‘Saimaiti’ apricots were subjected to osmotic treatment in 300 mmol/L fructose solution at 0.05 MPa for 2 min followed by normal pressure for another 5 min before storage at (0 ± 1) ℃. Distilled water was used as control treatment. Fruit hardness, cell membrane permeability, water soluble pectin (WSP), chelate soluble pectin (CSP), Na2CO3 soluble pectin (NSP) and cellulose contents, and polygalacturonase (PG), pectin methyl esterase (PME), β-galactosidase (β-Gal) and cellulase (CEL) activities were determined every seven days during storage, and cell ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that exogenous fructose treatment could significantly inhibit the activity of cell wall degrading enzymes and maintain the contents of CSP, NSP, and cellulose, thereby inhibiting the degradation of the cell wall. On day 49 of storage, compared with the control group, the contents of CSP, NSP and cellulose in fructose-treated apricot fruits increased by 31.30%, 10.58%, and 14.30% (P < 0.05). The WSP content and cell membrane permeability of the control group were 1.09 and 1.25 times as high as those in the control group, respectively. Furthermore, this treatment maintained the integrity of organelles and the membrane system, and effectively delayed the decline in fruit hardness.

Understanding the changes in the zeolite framework and catalytic active sites during zeolite‐based vapor‐phase and aqueous catalytic processes is crucial. Herein, the evolution of framework T atoms (Si and Al) in ammonium hexafluorosilicate (AHFS)‐treated HZSM‐5 zeolite under steam and hot liquid water (HLW) environments was inverstigated using various characterization techniques. In HLW, Si−O−Si bonds exhibit poorer hydrothermal stability than Si−O−Al bonds, in contrast to steam. Significant Si atom leaching occurs regardless of whether the framework tetrahedral Al atoms (Al(IV)‐1) are removed. Similar to steam, Al(IV)‐1 species in HLW sequentially evolve into partially coordinated framework Al species and then into extra‐framework Al (EFAL) species through partial and complete hydrolysis. The generated EFAL species act as Lewis acid sites, but their local structures or chemical environments may differ. These findings reveal the difference in the T−O−T bonds attacked by water molecules: the Si−O−Al bonds are primarily attacked in steam, whereas the Si−O−Si bond are primarily attacked in HLW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automatic modulation recognition (AMR) has wide applications in the fields of wireless communications, radar systems, and intelligent sensor networks. The existing deep learning-based modulation recognition models often focus on temporal features while overlooking the interrelations and spatio-temporal relationships among different types of signals. To overcome these limitations, a hybrid neural network based on a multimodal parallel structure, called the multimodal parallel hybrid neural network (MPHNN), is proposed to improve the recognition accuracy. The algorithm first preprocesses the data by parallelly processing the multimodal forms of the modulated signals before inputting them into the network. Subsequently, by combining Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (Bi-GRU) models, the CNN is used to extract spatial features of the received signals, while the Bi-GRU transmits previous state information of the time series to the current state to capture temporal features. Finally, the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) and Multi-Head Self-Attention (MHSA) are introduced as two attention mechanisms to handle the temporal and spatial correlations of the signals through an attention fusion mechanism, achieving the calibration of the signal feature maps. The effectiveness of this method is validated using various datasets, with the experimental results demonstrating that the proposed approach can fully utilize the information of multimodal signals. The experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of MPHNN on multiple datasets reaches 93.1%, and it has lower computational complexity and fewer parameters than other models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The China Railway Express (CRE) has improved regional economic integration with external markets and has reshaped regional development by encouraging the relocation of manufacturing activities ("manufacturing transfer"). We analyzed data from 284 prefecture‐level cities in China to evaluate the impact of the CRE on regional manufacturing relocation, using a staggered difference‐in‐differences model with entropy balancing. We found that the launch of the CRE significantly stimulated the relocation of manufacturing industries to node cities – key hubs for transportation and logistics within the CRE network – especially in the central, western, and northeastern regions. Specifically, the CRE significantly increased manufacturing dynamism, firm profitability, openness, and foreign investment in node cities, which attracted more manufacturing industries to relocate in this area. Higher levels of infrastructure development moderated the CRE's effect. Further analysis showed that significant moderating effects of infrastructure development occurred only in the western region. Overall, our conclusions provide useful insights into how to promote equitable regional development through manufacturing development in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strategic formulation of a compatible electrolyte plays a pivotal role in extending the longevity of lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs). Here, we present findings on a partially fluorinated electrolyte distinguished by a subdued solvation affinity towards Li+ ions and a concentrated anion presence within the primary solvation layer. This distinctive solvation arrangement redirects the focal points of reactions from solvent molecules to anions, facilitating the predominant involvement of anions in the creation of a LiF‐enriched solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI). Electrochemical assessments showcase effective Li+ transport kinetics, diminished overpotential polarization for Li nucleation (28 mV), and prolonged cycling durability in Li||Li cells employing the partially fluorinated electrolyte. When tested in Li||NCM811 cells, the designed electrolyte delivers a capacity retention of 89.30 % and exhibits a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.80 % over 100 cycles with a charge‐potential cut‐off of 4.6 V vs. Li/Li+ under the current density of 0.4C. Furthermore, even at a current density of 1C, the cells maintain 81.90 % capacity retention and a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.40 % after 180 cycles. This work underscores the significance of weak‐solvation interaction in partially fluorinated electrolytes and highlights the crucial role of solvent structure in enabling the long‐term stability and high‐energy density of LMBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]