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The Grey Relational Degree method was applied to evaluating the core competence of the ten listed liquor companies. The study found that: the most critical factor affecting the strength of the core competence of listed liquor companies is the technological innovation capability; in general, the core competence of the ten listed liquor companies is weak, with an average Grey Relational Degree of 0.752, indicating more potentials for improvement; in addition, with the exception of Kweichou Moutai, the other nine listed liquor companies are all in an uncoordinated state regarding the development of the six capabilities, and they usually have one or several capabilities lagged behind.

On the basis of establishing an input-output index system of listed food companies’ social responsibility, this paper uses the DEA model to assess 22 Chinese listed food companies’ social responsibility efficiency between 2014 and 2016. Results show that the social responsibility efficiency of Chinese listed food companies is generally lower and the average of the 22 companies is only 0.665. The social responsibility management in 81.80% of listed food companies is in a relatively ineffective state. There is a big room for improvement. In addition, the social responsibility efficiencies of listed companies with different sizes are quite different. The social responsibility efficiency of large-sized listed food company is obviously higher than that of the small and medium-sized. The study also shows that the social responsibility efficiencies of most listed food companies are in the stage of increasing returns to scale and more input would be necessary in order to achieve higher efficiency.

This study is undertaken to evaluate and promote the Chinese food enterprises’ awareness and behaviors for social responsibility. In the survey, the researcher releases 500 copies of questionnaire to the senior managers in Chinese food enterprises. After excluding invalid respondents, the researcher gets 376 valid copies. Then the researcher conducts a descriptive statistical and factor analysis to the copies of questionnaire. The result shows that: firstly, Chinese food enterprises’ awareness of social responsibility is relatively poor; secondly, the majority of food enterprises fulfill their social responsibility passively. Based on the above conclusions, this paper proposes four paths to promote Chinese food enterprises to fulfill social responsibility better, i.e. establish the belief in social responsibility, expand the intensification of food business, make best use of the industrial association and strengthen the government supervision and regulation.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. is the most widely distributed species of Aconitum plants in China and has a long history of medicinal use. Because of its toxicity, A. carmichaelii is classified as lower class in the Shennong Bencao Jing (Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica). According to the theory of Chinese medicine, the roots can be used to revive yang for resuscitation, dispel wind, remove dampness, and relieve pain., Aims of the Review: This review focuses on summarizing the latest reports on the components, pharmacology, toxicity, detoxification mechanism and application of A. carmichaelii. It aims to provide ideas for in-depth research on activity mechanism of A. carmichaelii and expanding the value of exploitation and utilization., Materials and Methods: Information was collected from the following online scientific databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, SciFinder, Scopus, PubChem, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), etc. Additional data were obtained from other Chinese medicine books., Results: In this review, 224 compounds were categorized and new compounds discovered in the last five years were highlighted. The main components of A. carmichaelii are C 19 -diterpene alkaloids(C 19 -DAs), among which diester-type aconitine is the most toxic and also the main active ingredient, while monoester diterpene alkaloids (MDAs) and aminol diterpene alkaloids (ADAs) are greatly toxicity reduced due to the loss of ester bond. Heating and compatibility are the means to increase the efficiency and reduce the toxicity of A. carmichaelii. In addition, it also contains abundant C 20 -diterpene alkaloids (C 20 -DAs). Like C 19 -DAs, these compounds also have cardiotonic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmacological effects, but their toxicity is weaker. The above-ground part contains not only a variety of MDAs and ADAs, but also contains abundant non-diterpenoid alkaloids and active polysaccharides. In addition to pharmacological effects, we further summarized the mechanisms of cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity and other toxicity of A. carmichaelii. What's more, the application prospects are also discussed. Polysaccharides and diterpenoid alkaloids in A. carmichaelii and related traditional prescriptions have great promising prospects for the development of new drugs., Conclusion: A. carmichaelii has rich alkaloids and polysaccharides, but the new compounds discovered in recent years are only in the activity screening stage. The toxic differences between C 19 - and C 20 - DAs and the dose that affect toxicity of A. carmichaelii are still not clear. The non-traditional medicinal parts, such as stems and leaves, show great potential for development and utilization. More extensive and in-depth exploration of low-toxic active compounds, as well as the mechanism of efficacy-enhancement and toxicity-attenuation, will help A. carmichaelii to be better and safer used for clinical., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)