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Background: This study investigated clinical and laboratory characteristics of human bocavirus type 1 (HBoV1)‐plastic bronchiolitis (PB), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)‐associated plastic bronchitis (PB) and MP‐NPB in children, highlighting inflammation, coagulation, and bronchoscopic needs. Methods: Data on preschool children with PB during HBoV1 or MP infection were collected, comparing MP‐PB to severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Result: Compared with the MP‐PB group, the HBoV1‐PB group, with younger children, had significantly milder clinical symptoms but higher WBC counts (p =.028). The MP‐PB group exhibited notably elevated Fibrinogen (p =.045) and d‐dimer levels (p <.001). When contrasting the MP‐PB with the MP‐NPB group, children in MP‐PB group still had higher levels of d‐dimer and increased inflammatory indicators such as C‐reactive protein, procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase, and interleukin‐6, which were significantly elevated compared with the MP‐NPB group. MP‐PB showed a higher prevalence of plastic bronchial casts in lower lobes (p =.016) and a dominance of neutrophils in BALF cytology. Additionally, children in the MP‐PB group tended to undergo a greater number of bronchoscopies. Conclusion: This study identifies key differences in plastic bronchitis in children due to HBoV1 and MP, highlighting HBoV1's milder inflammation in younger kids and MP's link to severe inflammatory and coagulation responses, guiding clinical diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to effectively improve the tracking performance of the target in various complex environment in the tracking process, the reinforcement research of target features has become one of the important work. In this paper, a Siamese network target tracking algorithm based on parallel channel attention mechanism (PCAM) is proposed by combining feature cascade algorithm with visual attention. Firstly, the characteristics of SENet network and ECA network are fully analyzed. Secondly, the parallel channel attention mechanism is constructed based on ECA module, which integrates global average pooling and maximum pooling. Parallel channel attention mechanism not only solves the problem of channel correlation reduction of SENet module, but also solves the problem of target feature information enhancement. Thirdly, the output model of channel attention is used as the input of spatial attention model to realize the effective complement to channel attention mechanism. By calculating the weight value of different spatial locations, the structural relation between spatial location information is constructed, the feature expression ability of the model is enhanced. Finally, the algorithm is evaluated on standard data sets OTB100, OTB2013, OTB2015, VOT2016 and VOT2018. Experimental results show that the PCAM has stronger feature extraction performance for complex environment, higher target tracking accuracy and robustness, and has strong advantages compared with other comparative experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To provide a comprehensive and systematic analysis of demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and imaging features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in pediatric patients. A meta‐analysis was carried out to identify studies on COVID‐19 from 25 December 2019 to 30 April 2020. A total of 48 studies with 5829 pediatric patients were included. Children of all ages were at risk for COVID‐19. The main illness classification ranged as: 20% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14%‐26%; I2 = 91.4%) asymptomatic, 33% (95% CI: 23%‐43%; I2 = 95.6%) mild and 51% (95% CI: 42%‐61%; I2 = 93.4%) moderate. The typical clinical manifestations were fever 51% (95% CI: 45%‐57%; I2 = 78.9%) and cough 41% (95% CI: 35%‐47%, I2 = 81.0%). The common laboratory findings were normal white blood cell 69% (95% CI: 64%‐75%; I2 = 58.5%), lymphopenia 16% (95% CI: 11%‐21%; I2 = 76.9%) and elevated creatine‐kinase MB 37% (95% CI: 25%‐48%; I2 = 59.0%). The frequent imaging features were normal images 41% (95% CI: 30%‐52%; I2 = 93.4%) and ground‐glass opacity 36% (95% CI: 25%‐47%; I2 = 92.9%). Among children under 1 year old, critical cases account for 14% (95% CI: 13%‐34%; I2 = 37.3%) that should be of concern. In addition, vomiting occurred in 33% (95% CI: 18%‐67%; I2 = 0.0%) cases that may also need attention. Pediatric patients with COVID‐19 may experience milder illness with atypical clinical manifestations and rare lymphopenia. High incidence of critical illness and vomiting symptoms reward attention in children under 1 year old. Highlights: To provide a comprehensive characterization of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in pediatric patients.The majority of pediatric cases with COVID‐19 have milder illness with atypical clinical manifestations and rare lymphopenia.It is worth noting that the high incidence of critical illness and vomiting in children under 1 year old.Our evidence‐based data will help formulate strategies for early clinical identification and epidemic control of COVID‐19 in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the relevant influencing factors of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) in southern China and provide scientific basis for improving the quality of life for neonates.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 320 cases with NRDS neonates admitted from January 2015 to December 2017 in a neonatal department of a Maternal and Child Health Hospital in South China was conducted. Three hundred twenty non-NRDS patients admitted to the same hospital during the same period were also included as control. The basic characteristics were compared and the risk and protective factors for NRDS were evaluated by logistic regression analysis.Results: Univariate analysis showed that the difference in age, gestational age, fetal sex, mode of delivery, asphyxia, intrauterine distress, and gestational diabetes in the case group and the control group were significantly different (p < .05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the age of pregnant women (OR ± 1.539, 95% CI ± 1.427-1.660), intrauterine distress (OR ± 2.427, 95% CI ± 1.079-5.458), and gestational diabetes (OR ± 2.881, 95% CI ± 1.271-6.532) were independent risk factors for NRDS. Meanwhile, gestational age (OR ± 0.588, 95% CI ± 0.508-0.681) was an independent protective factor for NRDS.Conclusions: The age of pregnant women, intrauterine distress, and gestational diabetes can increase the risk of NRDS, while long gestational age can reduce the risk of NRDS. Early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of children with NRDS have achieved the purpose of improving the quality of life of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of CO 2 cryotherapy for lymph node fistula tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB) in infants., Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis was undertaken on seven patients with lymph node fistula tracheobronchial tuberculosis who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) interventional therapy in the respiratory department of Tianjin Children's Hospital from July 2012 to July 2020. The efficacy, safety, and prognosis of CO 2 cryotherapy intervention for the treatment of lymph node fistula TBTB in infants were summarized and analyzed., Results: Seven patients with lymph node fistula TBTB were included in this study. Their ages ranged from 6-13 months. The course of the disease from onset to TBTB ranged from 20 to 70 days. The pathological diagnoses of seven cases by FB combined with tissue biopsy were lymph node fistula TBTB, of which 28.57% (two cases) were in the early stage of rupture and 71.43% (five cases) were in the rupture stage. All patients were treated with CO 2 cryotherapy combined with foreign body forceps and local injection drugs based on systemic antituberculosis chemotherapy. Two patients were treated once with CO 2 cryotherapy, and five were treated three times. According to the comparison of the clinical symptoms, imaging results, and endoscopic presentations before and after the intervention, six patients achieved clinical cure, and one achieved clinical improvement. No severe intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. The clinical symptoms, endoscopic findings, radiological manifestations, and quality of life of all patients showed marked improvement. No recurrence occurred after 3-6 months of follow-up with FB., Conclusion: CO 2 cryotherapy can improve the treatment effect of lymph node fistula in infants with TBTB and reduce the incidence of complications. This treatment is safe and reliable in infants., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Zhao, Zhang, Yang, Xu and Guo.)