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—Chloroplast capture, a phenomenon that can occur through interspecific hybridization and introgression, is frequently invoked to explain cytonuclear discordance in plants. However, relatively few studies have documented the mechanisms of cytonuclear coevolution and its potential for driving species differentiation and possible functional differences in the context of chloroplast capture. To address this crucial question, we chose the Aquilegia genus, which is known for having minimal sterility among species, and inferred that A. amurensis captured the plastome of A. parviflora based on cytonuclear discordance and gene flow between the 2 species. We focused on the introgression region and its differentiation from corresponding regions in closely related species, especially its composition in a chloroplast capture scenario. We found that nuclear genes encoding cytonuclear enzyme complexes (CECs; i.e. organelle-targeted genes) of chloroplast donor species were selectively retained and displaced the original CEC genes in chloroplast-receiving species due to cytonuclear interactions during introgression. Notably, the intrinsic correlation of CEC introgression was a greater degree of evolutionary distance for these CECs between A. amurensis and A. parviflora. Terpene synthase activity genes (GO: 0010333) were overrepresented among the introgressed genes, and more than 30% of these genes were CEC genes. These findings support our observations that floral terpene release pattern is similar between A. amurensis and A. parviflora compared with A. japoni ca. Our study clarifies the mechanisms of cytonuclear coevolution, species differentiation, and functional differences in the context of chloroplast capture and highlights the potential role of chloroplast capture in adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Inspired by the bionic fish scale surfaces containing micro/nanostructured arrays, herein, the applications of lubricant‐impregnated anisotropic slippery surfaces (LIASSs) using laser ablation of aluminum–magnesium alloys are proposed. Different hydrophobic properties are presented on the LIASSs along the parallel direction and the reverse direction defined as directions A and B of bionic fish scale micro/nanostructures. A self‐assembled solid–liquid interface friction test device is set up to demonstrate the drag reduction property of LIASSs. The drag reduction ratios are found to be 51.09% and 44.88% along directions A and B, respectively. With the increase in the velocity, the drag reduction ratios of LIASSs can also be kept near 50%. Simulation models are established to study the drag reduction mechanism of LIASSs in laminar flows. Liquid–liquid repellency has a lubricating effect that can increase mobility and reduce viscous resistance. In this way, it improves the fluidity of the liquid and reduces drag. The drag reduction ratio in direction A is superior to that in direction B for the same flow velocity. The results of the simulation are consistent with the experiments results. LIASSs represents an effective strategy to drag reduction and reducing energy consumption in liquid directional transport and marine vessels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]