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Sheep play an important role in China's agricultural development, but they are also potential hosts for many viruses, some of which have been identified as zoonotic pathogens, which may pose a serious threat to social public health and animal husbandry. Therefore, clarifying the characteristics of viruses in sheep will provide an important basis for the study of pathogenic ecology and viral evolution of viruses carried by sheep. We collected nasal and anal swabs from 688 sheep in 22 counties in Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia, China, between January 2022 and July 2023, and utilized next-generation sequencing technology and bioinformatics approaches to identify the viruses in the samples. A total of 38 virus families carried by sheep were identified, including 12 ssRNA (+) virus families, 2 dsRNA virus families, 8 ssDNA (+) virus families, and 18 dsDNA virus families. Among them, Astroviridae, Coronaviridae, Picornaviridae, and Tobaniviridae in RNA virus families and Herpesviridae, Adenoviridae, and Circoviridae in DNA virus families are all viruses that are frequently detected in most ruminants. Alpha and beta diversity results showed that there was no difference in the overall richness and diversity of RNA and DNA viruses among the three provinces (p > 0.05). The evolutionary analysis demonstrated a tight link between the viral members carried by sheep and other ruminant viruses, implying that these viruses may spread across different species of ruminants. This study established a library of RNA and DNA viruses carried by sheep in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region, providing an overview of the viruses present in this population. The findings offer valuable data for further research on virus evolution and monitoring in sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently, clopidogrel is the standard therapeutic drugs for antiplatelet therapy. Variants in the CYP2C19 gene influence the clinical response of clopidogrel. Thus, the US Food and Drug Administration suggested CYP2C19 genotyping needs to identify before taking medicine. Due to high cost, time consuming, and sophisticated instruments, current single nucleotide polymorphism detection methods are limited in clinical application. In the present study, we established a genotyping method for CYP2C19, which combines amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR with a lateral flow assay used gold magnetic nanoparticles (GMNPs) named as PCR-gold magnetic lateral flow assay system (PCR-GoldMag LFA). The PCR products with specific genotype can be explained within 5 minutes, either through visual or by a magnetic reader automatically according to the captured GMNPs probes on the test lines of the LFA strips. The limit of detection of this method is 5 ng of genomic DNA. The PCR-GoldMag LFA system was applied in a clinical trial with 1356 samples of Han Chinese. The concordance rate between the LFA system and sequencing is 99.93%. The allele frequency of CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 are 30.38 and 7.08% in Han Chinese, respectively. This method provides a new way in the clinical application of CYP2C19 genotyping to guide the clopidogrel medication.