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Herein, small‐sized fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (CNs) with tunable shapes ranging from spheres to various rods with aspect ratios (ARs) of 1.00, 1.51, 1.89, and 2.85 are prepared using a simple anion‐directed strategy for the first time. Based on comprehensive morphological and structural characteristics of CNs, along with theoretical calculations of density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations, their shape‐control mechanism is attributed to interionic interactions‐induced self‐assembly, followed by carbonization. The endoplasmic reticulum‐targeting accuracy of CNs is gradually enhanced as their shape changes from spherical to higher‐AR rods, accompanied by a Pearson's correlation coefficient up to 0.90. This work presents a facile approach to control the shape of CNs and reveals the relationship between the shape and organelle‐targeting abilities of CNs, thereby providing a novel idea to synthesize CNs that serve as precise organelle‐targeted fluorescent probes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

White low-cost environment friendly calcium-magnesium acetate (CMA) deicers were prepared from dolomite and pyroligneous liquid which was gasified and pyrolyzed from the biologic wastes as wheat stalk, wood scraps, etc. by means of conversion, decolorization, evaporation and crystallization. The adsorption and decolorization processes of pyroligneous liquid by active carbon were studied by means of spectrophotometric method. The optimal decolorization conditions were as follows: temperature is 30-35 C, time is 40-60 min. In practice, the quantity of active carbon was 0. 07-0. 1 g/mL (pyroligneous conversion liquid). After systematic studies, the technological routes were put forward which were described as follows: conversion of biologic wastes into calcium-magnesium acetate — decolorization of mother liquor by active carbon — concentration or crystallization. The results show that CMA deicers made from pyroligneous liquid can provide a low-cost environment friendly deicer to remove snow from roads and eliminate the harm of chlorine. Meanwhile, it provides a new way of treatment of such biologic wastes and has great significance in the effective utilization of biologic resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the important factors involved in cationic liposome-mediated gene transfer, Lipofectamine 2000 or DOTAP was evaluated using three types of cells (Hep-2, MCF-7 and SW-480) in vitro transfection efficiencies. Different properties of the two reagents were analyzed and compared by DNA arrearage assay and MTT assay. Both Lipofectamine 2000 and DOTAP had strong capability to combine with DNA; Lipofectamine 2000 can get higher transfection efficiency of the three cells by using GFP as report gene, meanwhile, DOTAP can also get higher transfection efficiency against Hep-2 cell. However, DOTAP showed lower transfection efficiency against MCF-7 and SW-480 cell. On the other hand, the cytotoxicity assay showed that over 85% cell viability of MCF-7 cell could be achieved both by Lipofectamine 2000 and DOTAP under the optimal transfection condition. Relatively speaking, Lipofectamine 2000 has very high transfection efficiency in a broad range of cell lines, but because of the special selectivity of cell type on liposome, DOTAP also has a broad application prospect.

Objective: To investigate the apoptosis and proliferation activity of Tca8113 cells., Methods: The vector that involves short hairpin RNA of iNOS was transfected to Tca8113 cells. The change of iNOS expression was observed using immunohistochemistry technique, the apoptosis rate examined by flow cytometry, and the proliferation Tca8113 cells examined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT)., Results: The expression of iNOS in Psilencer-iNOS group was lower than that in control groups (P < 0.01), the apoptosis rate was higher than that in control groups (P < 0.01); whereas the proliferation activity of Tca8113 cells in Psilencer-iNOS group was lower than that in control groups., Conclusions: Down expression of iNOS by RNAi can promotes apoptosis of Tca8113 cells and has an anti-proliferation activity effect.