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On the basis of the properties analysis of residue from a 450,000 TPY oil-coal co-processing unit, the residue was separated by solvent extraction into three components: n-heptane soluble (HS), n-heptane insoluble-toluene soluble (HI-TS) and toluene insoluble (TI). The properties of each component were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, and the pyrolysis performances of residue and coal with different blending rate of residue were studied. Compared with the feed coal, the residue from oil-coal co-processing unit had the characteristics of high ash, high carbon content, high sulfur content and low water content. The contents of HS, HI-TS and TI in the residue were 30.64%, 22.61% and 44.19%,respectively. The content of saturated hydrocarbons in the HS was higher, the aromatic structures of the HI-TS were more, and the TI was mainly composed of coke with higher aromatization, unconverted coal, catalysts and additives. There was a certain synergistic effect in the co-pyrolysis of residue and coal. The appropriate blending ratio of the residue was 30%, and under this condition, the yields of tar, semi-coke, pyrolysis water and pyrolysis gas were 13.34%, 74.02%, 4.05% and 8.59%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to measure and compare the retinal vascular parameters and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in Chinese and Caucasian populations by using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT‐A). Methods: Fifty‐one eyes of Han Chinese and 43 eyes of Caucasians were retrospectively included in our study. The measurements were acquired using Zeiss Cirrus 5000, with the same software version 10 in Poland and China. Results: The size of the FAZ was 0.33 ± 0.012 and 0.28 ± 0.014 mm2 (p = 0.0289) and the diameter was 2.43 ± 0.06 and 2.18 ± 0.07 mm (p = 0.0057) for Chinese and Caucasian populations, respectively. However, no differences were observed in circularities between the populations. The full Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) vessel length density was significantly different for Chinese (17.05 ± 0.24 mm/mm2) and Caucasian (16.08 ± 0.43 mm/mm2) populations. In addition, the outer ETDRS vessel length density was significantly different for Chinese (16.43 ± 0.42 mm/mm2) and Caucasian (17.47 ± 0.24 mm/mm2) populations, but the central 7.33 ± 1.68 versus 9.32 ± 1.54 mm/mm2 for the Caucasian and Chinese and inner 16.14 ± 0.52 for Caucasian and 16.93 ± 0.27 mm/mm2 for Chinese subjects density was not. A significant yet weak positive correlation between FAZ and vessel density was observed (r = 0.216). Furthermore, no significant intersexual differences were observed in study parameters. Conclusion: The Chinese population had larger FAZ with higher vessel length density in the superficial layers of the retina than the Caucasian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the inhibition effect of Salvinia natans ( L. ) All. on harmful algae., Methods: With Microcystis aeruginosa as the subjects, deionized water, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate as solvent, four kinds of crude extracts from Salvinia natans (L.) All. were prepared, and their alga-inhibiting actions were verified, respectively. The crude extracts of Salvinia natans (L.) All. with better inhibition effect were selected. The components of algal inhibiting material through macroporous resin purification were obtained, and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)., Results: The algicidal effect as follows: ethyl acetate extract > acetone crude extract > ethanol crude extract > water crude extract. Meanwhile, the inhibitory substances of Salvinia natans (L.) All. may be: diacetone alcohol, methyl isobutenyl ketone, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-1-hexanol, pentadecanal, 14-heptadecenal, cumene, butyl acetate, ascorbyl dipalmitate, 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono (2- ethylhexyl) ester, dibutyl phthalate and phthalic acid, butyl undecane ester., Conclusion: The algal inhibiting effect research of Salvinia natans (L.) All., as well as its separation and identification of allelochemicals supplys theoretical basis and practical evidence not only for algae control, but also exploitation of algal inhibiting agent.

Objective: To study the inhibiting effect of aquaculture water of Salvinia natans (L.) All. on Microcystis aeruginosa and the mechanism., Methods: Microcystis aeruginosa of 7.5 x 10(5) cells/mL was treated by the culture water of Salvinia natans density of 5%, 10%, 20% and 40%, respectively. The inhibition ratios were calculated, conductivity of algal cells, content of nucleic acid and protein in algae solution, influence of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured., Results: The inhibition rate of 40% treatment group up to 100% on the fourth day. The inhibition rate of 5% treatment group up to 65% on the 7th day. The conductivity of algae cell gone up while the concentration of cultured water was increasing, as well as its content of nucleic acid, protein and MDA. However, the activity of SOD rose at first and then fall down while the concentration of cultured water of Salvinia natans was increasing., Conclusion: The aquaculture water of Salvinia natans has a powerful inhibitory effect on Microcystis aeruginosa by changing the structure of algal cells and intracellular enzyme activity, etc.

Objective: To study the inhibition effect on blue-green algae of higher aquatic plants with their rhizosphere microorganisms and its mathematical model., Methods: The inhibitory effects of sterile and containing bacterium Myriophyllum verticillatum L root extracts on Microcystis aeruginosa were studied respectively, and the difference-differential equation of algal growth and partial functional differential equation were established according to the algal inhibiting effect., Results: (1) The sterile and containing bacterium Myriophyllum verticillatum L root extracts showed at some degree inhibitory effects on M. aeruginosa, and containing bacteria root extract had more potent algal inhibiting effect, and very lower half maximal effective concentration (EC50). (2) The established inhibitory mathematical models can effectively predicted and calculated algal densities and EC50 at varying exposure time and different environment., Conclusion: The rhizospheric microorganisms can effectively enhanced the inhibiting effect of Myriophyllum verticillatum L on M. aeruginosa.

Objective: To study the variation of polysaccharide (PS), which can be classified as capsule polysaccharide (EPS) and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), and microcystin-RR (MC-RR) content of Microsystis aeruginosa under the stress of salicylic acid (SA)., Methods: 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 mmol/L SA were added into the culture of M. aeruginosa at logarithmic phase and the contents of PS and MC-RR were quantified by phenol-sulfuric acid method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method in the 6th and 12th day. Meanwhile the effect of SA on PS and MC-RR contents were discussed at both the level of single cell and that of whole culture medium., Results: CPS contents were increased with the increasing concentration of SA on the 6th day and decreases on the 12th day. The content of EPS and intracellular MC-RR first increases and then decreases with the increasing SA concentration in the whole stage., Conclusion: The contents of CPS and MC-RR increase for the stress of SA in early days, and then the contents of MC-RR both inside and outside the cell are decrease.