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The σ1A subunit of the adaptor protein 1 (AP1S1) participates in intracellular transport pathways, which is pivotal in carcinogenesis. It is therefore rational to presume that AP1S1 might also be involved in carcinogenesis. In this hospital-based case–control study, we investigated the genetic susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in relation to Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of AP1S1 among Chinese population and made a preparation for the subsequent esophageal SNP risk model building. A database containing a total of 1143 controls and 1043 ESCC patients were retrospectively studied. The AP1S1 SNPs were analyzed based on ligation detection reaction (LDR) method. Then the relationship between ESCC and SNPs of AP1S1 was determined with a significant crude P AP1S1 rs77387752 C > T mutated homozygous TT was an independent risk factor for ESCC, while SNP rs4729666 C > T and rs35208462 C > T mutated heterozygote TC were associated with a lower risk for ESCC, especially in co-dominant model and allelic test for younger, male subjects who are not alcohol-drinkers nor cigarette smokers. These three AP1S1 SNP sites could be incorporated into subsequent SNPs risk models for ESCC in specific populations. AP1S1 rs77387752, rs4729666 and rs35208462 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to ESCC in Chinese individuals. AP1S1 SNPs may exert an important role in esophageal carcinogenesis and could serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers. These SNP sites might be added into the building of risk model and then the early diagnosis of ESCC. Besides, further mechanical exploration is required. Table. Logistic regression analyses of associations between AP1S1 SNPs rs77387752 C > T, rs4729666 C > T, rs35208462 C > T and risk of ESCC.

Additional file 1. Supplementary figures and tables.

Adaptive frequency hopping (AFH) is considered to be a more effective method for combating active jamming in military radio systems than normal frequency hopping (FH). This paper presents the novel concept-convergent time of AFH system and defines it as an important performance index of the AFH system. According to the threshold-based way, we deduce how to compute the convergent time, and draw out some useful conclusions. In the end, the simulation results indicate the validity of our analysis.

The correlated hopping enhanced spread spectrum (CHESS) communication is a new generation of spread spectrum HF radio technology to be used to overcome many high frequency (HF) deficiencies. The adaptive frequency hopping (AFH) technique is considered to be an effective method for combating interference in the radio communication. In this paper, we present to use AFH techniques in the CHESS communication to improve its performance. In view of various modes in CHESS communication, we put forward two various methods to help find correct frequencies in the frequency detection. Compared with the conventional AFH, our AFH ways can adapt the specialty of the CHESS communication and can make better results. At last, some useful conclusions are drawn out.

Direct digital synthesizer (DDS) is a new technique for frequency synthesis, which has the advantage of fine frequency resolution and fast switching speed, but has a high level of spurious frequencies. This paper mainly describes several methods for reducing the parasitic sidelobe level in phased arrays and uses them for randomizing; the phase errors to improve DDS under the condition of phase truncation. It can reduce the level of spurious frequencies and is a good attempt for application to DDS.