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Objective: To investigate the protective effects of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) on liver injury induced by long-term alcohol intake in mice. Methods: Mice were randomly divided into control (Ctrl), model (EtOH), positive control (PC, silymarin at 86 mg/(kg·d)), MOS intervention (2 000 mg/(kg·d)) and PHGG intervention (2 000 mg/(kg·d)) groups. A Lieber-DeCarli model of chronic alcoholic liver injury (ALD) was established in this study. After five weeks of feeding, the levels of liver function, oxidative stress and inflammatory factors were measured. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and oil red O (ORO) staining were used to observe hepatic histopathological alterations. The mRNA and protein expression levels of ileal tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1 and occludin) were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. The hepatic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level was quantitatively determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Besides, the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid and caproic acid in fecal samples were quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: Supplementation of MOS and PHGG could significantly attenuate hepatic steatosis, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and inflammation induced by long-term ethanol exposure. Additionally, compared with the EtOH group, MOS and PHGG intake markedly improved liver function and intestinal barrier function, inhibited intestinal LPS leakage, and increased intestinal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels. Conclusion: Guar gum-derived MOS and PHGG could effectively alleviate chronic ALD in mice by enhancing intestinal integrity and regulating intestinal SCFA levels.

In the context of the construction of new literature, professional cluster construction is based on serving the economic development of the economy and based on cultivating application -oriented professional talents. This article understands the research and practice related to professional cluster construction. The problems faced by the construction of private colleges and universities through the construction of professional clusters, which gives private colleges and universities through the construction of professional cluster construction. Through the implementation of these measures, the quality and efficiency of talent training can be improved, and a strong talent guarantee for local economic development can be improved.

H2O adsorption plays a pivotal role in the initial stages of methanol steam reforming (MSR), significantly influencing the subsequent reactions on the catalyst surface. In this work, periodic DFT + U + D3 calculations were employed to investigate the adsorption of H2O on perfect and O-defective CuAlO2(112¯0) catalysts. The results reveal that the role of oxygen vacancies (Ov) in promoting H2O dissociative adsorption is particularly pronounced at low coverage, diminishing as coverage increases. Within increasing the surface coverage (nH2O, n = 1–18) on the perfect surface, the H2O molecule undergoes three adsorption stages, dissociative, molecular, and physisorption, involving the formation of four types of hydrogen bonds: (i) between OwH* and OsH (n = 1–6), (ii) between molecularly adsorbed H2O and surface O (n = 7–12), (iii) between physiosorbed H2O and surface O (n = 13–18), and (iv) between physiosorbed H2O and molecularly adsorbed H2O (n = 13–18). Notably, oscillatory behavior of type-i hydrogen bonds induced by geometric effects of incoming H2O molecules is observed in the 7–12 coverage range, along with the elimination of type-ii hydrogen bonds at the 12–13 coverage. The phase diagram of H2O adsorption under typical MSR conditions indicates that the surface coverage falls within the 7–12H2O range, providing crucial insights for understanding the surface nature to optimize MSR over CuAlO2 catalysts. Our results highlight that the number and type of hydrogen bonds significantly impact H2O adsorption energy, with low coverage H2O activation being facilitated by Ov, thereby promoting the initial stage of MSR over CuAlO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Scoliosis is a multifaceted three-dimensional deformity that significantly affects patients' balance function and walking process. While existing research primarily focuses on spatial and temporal parameters of walking and trunk/pelvic kinematics asymmetry, there remains controversy regarding the symmetry and regularity of bilateral lower limb gait. This study aims to investigate the symmetry and regularity of bilateral lower limb gait and examine the balance control strategy of the head during walking in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: The study involved 17 patients with idiopathic scoliosis of Lenke 1 and Lenke 5 classifications, along with 17 healthy subjects for comparison. Three-dimensional accelerometers were attached to the head and L5 spinous process of each participant, and three-dimensional motion acceleration signals were collected during a 10-meter walking test. Analysis of the collected acceleration signals involved calculating five variables related to the symmetry and regularity of walking: root mean square (RMS) of the acceleration signal, harmonic ratio (HR), step regularity, stride regularity, and gait symmetry. Results: Our analysis reveals that, during the walking process, the three-dimensional motion acceleration signals acquired from the lumbar region of patients diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis exhibit noteworthy disparities in the RMS of the vertical axis (RMS-VT) and the HR of the vertical axis (HR-VT) when compared to the corresponding values in the healthy control (RMS-VT: 1.6 ± 0.41 vs. 3 ± 0.47, P < 0.05; HR-VT: 3 ± 0.72 vs. 3.9 ± 0.71, P < 0.05). Additionally, the motion acceleration signals of the head in three-dimensional space, including the RMS in the anterior-posterior and vertical axis, the HR-VT, and the values of step regularity in both anterior-posterior and vertical axis, as well as the values of stride regularity in all three axes, are all significantly lower than those in the healthy control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of the analysis suggest that the application of three-dimensional accelerometer sensors proves efficacious and convenient for scrutinizing the symmetry and regularity of walking in individuals with idiopathic scoliosis. Distinctive irregularities in gait symmetry and regularity manifest in patients with idiopathic scoliosis, particularly within the antero-posterior and vertical direction. Moreover, the dynamic balance control strategy of the head in three-dimensional space among patients with idiopathic scoliosis exhibits a relatively conservative nature when compared to healthy individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bimetallic catalysts have widespread applications in many reactions. Series of Ni/SiO2 catalysts containing different promoters were prepared by ammonia evaporation method in this work. The effect of Sn and Mg additives on the catalytic performance of nickel-based catalysts in acetylene hydrogenation was investigated. The introduction of Mg additives led to the over-hydrogenation of acetylene to ethane, vs. the Sn promoter increases the selectivity of the catalysts towards ethylene. The Ni7Sn/SiO2 showed the most superior catalytic performance. The effects of different additives on the active metals were investigated through a series of characterizations and thus the structure-performance relationship was well investigated. Reaction mechanism diagram of acetylene and hydrogen over Ni/SiO2 based catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]