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Future changes in tropical cyclone properties are an important component of climate change impacts and risk for many tropical and midlatitude countries. In this study we assess the performance of a multimodel ensemble of climate models, at resolutions ranging from 250 to 25 km. We use a common experimental design including both atmosphere-only and coupled simulations run over the period 1950-2050, with two tracking algorithms applied uniformly across the models. There are overall improvements in tropical cyclone frequency, spatial distribution, and intensity in models at 25 km resolution, with several of them able to represent very intense storms. Projected tropical cyclone activity by 2050 generally declines in the South Indian Ocean, while changes in other ocean basins are more uncertain and sensitive to both tracking algorithm and imposed forcings. Coupled models with smaller biases suggest a slight increase in average TC 10 m wind speeds by 2050.

From the perspective of art sociology, this article adopts the research paradigm of “art world” and “cultural production” to carry out a case study on murals in Jingzhen Buddhist Temple in Xishuangbanna and explore the “production” and “autoproduction” process of Theravada Buddhist murals, thereby concluding that the “production” of Theravada Buddhist murals is not the achievement of individual painter, but proves to be co-generated by the “art world”, namely the cooperative network composed of members of the Buddhist Temple Affairs Management Committee, the village group, believers, and painter, under the regulations and influence of various realistic social factors; while due to the publicity and sanctity of Theravada Buddhist murals as well as the particularity of its audience, the relevant “autoproduction” has facilitated the continuous sound interaction between the “production” and “autoproduction” of Theravada Buddhist murals.

Background: Hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (hv-CRKP) has been spreading rapidly worldwide. Here, we investigated the genomic characteristics of ST11 K. pneumoniae isolate SM117 with capsular serotype KL25, co-carrying blaNDM-5, two copies of blaKPC-2 and multiple plasmid-borne virulence genes from a county level hospital in China. Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility of K. pneumoniae SM117 was evaluated. The Illumina NovaSeq 6000 and Oxford Nanopore MinION platforms were applied to sequence the genome and then de novo assembled. The genome sequence was annotated using the NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline and further subjected to identify the sequence type (ST), capsular type, antibiotic resistance genes, plasmid replicon types and virulence genes. The phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the core genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (cgSNPs) using CSI Phylogeny 1.4, and further visualized by Interactive Tree of Life (iTOL) V5 web server. Results: The whole-genome sequence of K. pneumoniae SM117 is made up of eight contigs totaling 6,104,486 bp, contain a 5,612,620 bp single chromosome and seven plasmids. The isolate was assigned to ST11 with capsular serotype KL25, co-carrying including blaNDM-5, blaKPC-2 and multiple plasmid-borne virulence genes including rmpA2 and aerobactin genes iucABCD-iutA. The coexistence of blaKPC and blaNDM in K. pneumoniae strains exhibit a high degree of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. The strain SM117 also carries multiple antibiotic resistance genes, making it resistant to all antibiotics except polymyxin. The closest relative of K. pneumoniae C793 was identified in 2023 from a hospital surface sample in Zhejiang, China, with just 52 SNPs difference. Conclusion: This study reported the genomic characteristics of a multidrug-resistant ST11 K. pneumoniae with capsular serotype KL25, co-carrying blaNDM-5, two copies of blaKPC-2 genes and multiple plasmid-borne virulence genes in China. These findings will provide important knowledge of the antibiotic resistance mechanisms, genomic epidemiological characteristics and transmission dynamics of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Background] Soil salinization is one of the greatest global challenges that seriously affects agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability, the severity of soil salinization is reportedly increasing in China, India, Pakistan, Australia, China, Middle Eastern countries and the US. The depth of shallow groundwater has an important influence on land salinization, and in the past, groundwater in North China Plain was constantly used for irrigation, leading to a continuous decline in the groundwater level. In recent years, both deep and shallow groundwater levels in North China Plain have risen as a result of the ban on excessive use of groundwater in North China Plain and the implementation of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Under the new situation of the rising groundwater level in North China Plain, how the characteristics of water and salt transport in the farmland of North China Plain will change, and its response mechanism to the depth of groundwater burial needs to be further explored. Shallow groundwater affects crop growth and yield by altering the moisture and salinity of the soil profile in agricultural fields, and the process is complicated by its hydro-chemical changes. [Objective] In order to study the distribution pattern of soil water salinity content and its effect on crop yield at different shallow groundwater burial depths, as well as the changes in groundwater chemistry. [Method] Relying on the volumetric evapotranspiration meter sample site, four groundwater depth treatments were set up, namely G0 (no groundwater burial depth), G1 (groundwater burial depth of 40 cm), G2 (groundwater burial depth of 70 cm), G3 (groundwater burial depth of 110 cm) and G4 (groundwater burial depth of 200 cm), and G4 (groundwater burial depth of 150 cm), using weekly as the monitoring frequency, to monitor changes in the content of various ions in shallow groundwater and changes in moisture and salinity in the soil of summer maize fields under evapotranspiration conditions. [Result] (1) The deeper the groundwater burial depth, the lower the water content and salinity of the surface layer (0-20 cm) soil. Compared with G0, the water content of surface soil in G1 and G2 increased significantly by 27.54% and 26.97%, respectively, and G3 increased by 8.25%, while G4 increased by only 2.18%; Surface soil salinity increased by 0.79, 0.47, and 0.43 g/kg in G1, G2, and G3 treatments, respectively, while it decreased by 0.01 g/kg in G4 treatment. Among them, salts in G1, G2 and G3 treatments mainly accumulated in the soil surface layer, while G4 treatment mainly accumulated in the 40*70 cm soil layer;(2) There was a linear relationship between groundwater depth and surface (0-20 cm) soil water content and salinity, with surface soil water content decreasing by 0.53% and salinity decreasing by 0.065 g/kg for every 0.1 m increase in groundwater depth. (3) The main cations in shallow groundwater are Na+ and Mg2+, and the main anions are SO4 2- and HCO3-. Concentrated rainfall can change the ion type in shallow groundwater from Na-Cl-SO4 to Na-HCO3; (4) Under strong surface evaporation, the ion concentration in water rised faster the shallower the depth of groundwater table. Among them, HCO3- concentration fluctuated greatly in each treatment, with a general upward trend; while NO3-, due to the effect of fertilizer application, the shallower the depth of groundwater burial the faster NO3- peaked in the shallow groundwater and the higher the concentration. [Conclusion] In this study, increasing the depth of shallow groundwater to 1.5 m can effectively reduce the water-salt content of the surface soil, reduce the influence of shallow groundwater by evaporation, precipitation, and other climatic conditions. A shallow groundwater depth of 1.2 m was optimal for summer maize growth and yield. The study of the effects of different shallow groundwater burial depths on soil moisture and salinity in agricultural soils helps to understand the migration of water and salt in agro-ecosystems and the mechanism of groundwater-soil interaction, which is of great importance for preventing soil salinization and safeguarding crop yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a large mortality and morbidity burden globally. For individuals, a strong immune response is the most effective means to block SARS-CoV-2 infection. To inform clinical case management of COVID-19, development of improved vaccines, and public health policy, a better understanding of antibody response dynamics and duration following SARS-CoV-2 infection and after vaccination is imperatively needed. Methods: We systematically analyzed antibody response rates in naturally infected COVID-19 patients and vaccinated individuals. Specifically, we searched all published and pre-published literature between 1 December 2019 and 31 July 2023 using MeSH terms and "all field" terms comprising "COVID-19" or "SARS-CoV-2," and "antibody response" or "immunity response" or "humoral immune." We included experimental and observational studies that provided antibody positivity rates following natural COVID-19 infection or vaccination. A total of 44 studies reporting antibody positivity rate changes over time were included. Results: The meta-analysis showed that within the first week after COVID-19 symptom onset/diagnosis or vaccination, antibody response rates in vaccinated individuals were lower than those in infected patients (p < 0.01), but no significant difference was observed from the second week to the sixth month. IgG, IgA, and IgM positivity rates increased during the first 3 weeks; thereafter, IgG positivity rates were maintained at a relatively high level, while the IgM seroconversion rate dropped. Conclusions: Antibody production following vaccination might not occur as quickly or strongly as after natural infection, and the IgM antibody response was less persistent than the IgG response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]