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In this paper, we investigate the 3D incompressible magnetohydrodynamic equations and establish several logarithmically improved regularity criteria in the homogeneous Besov space. These criteria are based on certain assumptions made in the velocity field and pressure, respectively. The first result solely based on the velocity field indicates that the velocity field plays a dominant role in determining the regularity of weak solutions, when compared with the magnetic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. In western countries like the United States of America, living will is seen as a vehicle for achieving greater wisdom and skill in a fundamental aspect of health care and a civilized approach to mortality. However, the inception of living will in China emerged only a decade ago. Although, nowadays, Chinese medical social workers can provide living will service in health settings, their services are in a preliminary status. Objective. This exploratory case study aims to present an ethical dilemma and analyzes the reasons the social work client self-determination principle failed in living will decision-making in the oncology ward that has Confucius as a cultural context. Results. This case illustrates that the patient's family has the final say in living will decision-making. The social work principle of client self-determination exemplifies the difficulties of applying medical social work practices with living will to Chinese patients in hospital wards. Conclusions. Chinese patients and their families are still bound to Confucianism's long tradition. In China, individuals are still being defined by relationships, and the "self" exists only in a hierarchical interpersonal network known as the differential pattern. The Chinese people do not like to talk about death. Even in modern society, it will take time for the Chinese people to come to terms with the end-of-life planning with living will, mainly for cancer patients after diagnosis. Practice Implications. Future social work practices that implied living will similar to this case that has Confucius culture in the background should consider the cultural context where the social worker-client are situated and the types of social work values the profession hold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a comparative view about the current state of social work education in China and the USA. Social work was established in the USA in 1898 and 1920 in China. In the USA, social work has been revolving in the last 122 years while in China, after the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, social work was abolished from all higher education institutions. The official year that the Master of Social Work programme was reinstituted in China was 2009; and the first graduate cohort began in 2010. In this globalised twenty-first century, this article also includes how the USA and China can make social work education and its practices as art and science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the generalized Camassa–Holm equation with k + 1 degree nonlinearities. The global existence is established, provided that 0 < b < k and the initial data y 0 = (1 − ∂ x 2 ) u 0 do not change sign. Long time behavior for the support of momentum density is obtained, and more precisely, we deduce the limit of the support of momentum density as t goes to +∞. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turbochargers are inherently dynamic devices, comprising internal flow volumes, mechanical inertias and thermal masses. When operating under transient conditions within an engine system, these dynamics need to be better understood. In this paper, a new non-dimensional modelling approach to characterise the turbocharger is proposed. Two new dimensionless quantities are defined with respect to mechanical and thermal transient behaviour, which are used in conjunction with the Strouhal number for flow transients. The modelling approach is applied to a small wastegated turbocharger and validated against experimental results. The model is used to simulate the turbocharger mass flow rate, turbine housing temperature and shaft speed responses to different excitation frequencies for different sizes of turbine. The results highlight the influence of turbocharger size on the dynamic behaviour of the system, which is particularly marked for the turbine housing temperature. At certain frequency ranges, the system behaviour is quasi-steady, allowing modelling through static maps in these operating regions. Outside these ranges, however, transient elements play a more important role. The simulation study shows that the proposed dimensionless parameters can be used to normalise the influence of turbine size on the dynamic response characteristics of the system. The model and corresponding dimensionless parameters can be applied in future simulation studies as well as for turbocharger matching in industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New interventions to reduce HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) among female sex workers are introduced into the context of women’s existing prevention beliefs and practices. These indigenous practices affected implementation of our program to introduce female condoms to women in sex-work establishments in southern China. We used ethnographic field observations and in-depth interviews to document common prevention methods women reported using to protect themselves before and during intervention implementation. Individual, sex-work establishment, and other contextual factors, including sources of information and social and economic pressures to use or reject prevention options, shaped their perceptions and selection of these methods and affected adoption of female condoms as an additional tool. Efforts to improve uptake of effective prevention methods among low-income sex workers require attention to the context and spectrum of women’s HIV/STI prevention practices when introducing innovations such as female condoms, microbicides, pre-exposure prophylaxis pills, and others, as they become available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]