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The impact of the heat treatments on the microstructure, high temperature hardness and wear performance at room and elevated temperature on a IN718 alloy fabricated via laser metal deposition (LMD) is investigated. It was found that the microhardness of the laser deposited IN718 alloy under different heat treatment conditions decreases with the increase of test temperature. Under various heat treatment conditions the wear rate of the laser deposited IN718 alloy at high temperatures is lower than that at room temperature. At room temperature the wear rate of the as-deposited IN718 alloy is higher than that of the heat treated samples. In contrast, at elevated temperatures the wear rate of the as-deposited IN718 alloy is lower than that of the heat treated samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the magnetic and ferroelectric behaviors of 5d Ir4+ substituted Mn1−xIrxWO4+ δ samples. The electric polarization is enhanced to a certain extent due to the Ir substitution of Mn. Furthermore, the non-polar AF1 phase is partially suppressed by the ferroelectric AF2 phase, resulting in the coexistence of the two phases below TAF1. It is suggested that the lattice distortion, the suppressed magnetic moment, and the increased Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction are the key reasons for the enhanced polarization and the stabilized ferroelectric AF2 phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Peiai64S/E32, which is a hybrid of E32 and Peiai64S, has a super high yield compared with that of its parents. Changes in photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence parameters were investigated in the flag leaves during senescence. The content of Chl and carotenoids in the flag leaves of Peiai64S/E32 was more stable than those of their parents during senescence. Furthermore, Peiai64S/E32 had a more stable PSII activity and a lower nonphotochemical quenching and deepoxidation state than that of its parents in the later stage of senescence. These results demonstrated that Peiai64S/E32 functioned longer than its parents did during the leaf senescence and grain-filling period. This occurred because there was more excitation energy to drive photosynthetic CO2 fixation in Peiai64S/E32, as the pigments supplying the energy survived longer in the high-yielding rice compared to the parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low temperature is an important environmental factor that affects plant growth and development. To determine the adaptability of different organs of Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr. to low temperature, the chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence parameters as well as the Chl, malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar, and anthocyanin contents of leaves and stems were measured under low temperature. The results confirmed that the Chl fluorescence parameters and Chl content of the leaves and stems of P. scandens tended to decrease consistently, while the MDA content increased, and the change range of the stems was much lower than that of the leaves. The soluble sugar and anthocyanin contents rapidly increased in the leaves and stems to cope with low temperature. Our results suggest that stems are more tolerant than leaves during winter and may continue to grow during that time, which could provide theoretical guidance for clonal propagation of plants to study stem tolerance in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of strain on the current carrying capacity of ZnSe nanowire has been studied by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Under TEM inspection the strain can be created at the selected position in a single ZnSe nanowire by the compressive stress applied along its axial direction using a movable probe electrode. The induced strain is controllable in the magnitude of curvature of the ZnSe nanowire bent by careful manipulation of the movable probe electrode. In situ current-induced Joule heating has confirmed that the strained segment in a single ZnSe nanowire exhibited better ability than the unstrained segments against Joule heating. Consequently, the current carrying capacity of the ZnSe nanowire can be effectively enhanced by intentionally created strain. The experimental results have also proved that a significant increase of the electrical conductance and the thermal resistance can be achieved simultaneously in a single nanowire by the intentionally designed and created strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]