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The key component of neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia–reperfusion (I–R) injury is mitochondrial improvement. By focusing on the function of mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP-sensitive potassium (mK–ATP) channels and inflammatory responses, the current study assessed the neuroprotective potentials of lemon essential oil, D-limonene (LIM), in rats with cerebral I–R injury.

The effect of the removal of starch granule-associated proteins (SGAPs) and/or lipids on pasting and in vitro digestion properties of adlay starch was investigated. The results showed that the removal of both SGAPs and lipids increased the swelling power, solubility, and rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and slowly digestible starch (SDS) contents and decreased the ratio of peak intensities at 1 045/1 022 cm-1, peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown viscosity and resistant starch (RS) content. The removal of SGAPs significantly increased the gelatinization transition temperature and the gelatinization enthalpy and significantly decreased the onset gelatinization temperature. The effect of the removal of SGAPs on the short-range ordered structure and digestibility of adlay starch was more pronounced than that of the removal of lipids. The thermal properties of adlay starch were not significantly affected by the removal of lipids, and the crystal type was not significantly affected by the removal of SGAPs and lipids. The results have potential value for understanding the starch characteristics of adlay and for the application of adlay starch in food processing.

Microwave synthesis technology has the characteristics of rapidity, high efficiency and safety. In this study, microwave-assisted synthesis method was used, in which acrylic acid was partially replaced by dimethyl maleate with good reactivity, and polycarboxylate superplasticizer MW-PCE was synthesized with acrylic acid, dimethyl maleate and terminal alkylene polyoxyethylenepolyoxypropylene ether as main raw materials. Meanwhile, superplasticizer CHS-PCE was synthesized by conventional water bath method. The infrared spectrum, yield and surface tension of MW-PCE and CHS-PCE, as well as the fluidity and rheological properties of cement paste were compared.The study found that after adding MW-PCE, the drop of surface tension is very obvious. The initial and temporal dispersion performance of cement paste with MW-PCE is better than that of CHS-PCE. Through the TOC adsorption performance test, the saturated adsorption capacity of MW-PCE on the surface of cement particles is larger than that of CHS-PCE. The yield stress of cement paste with MW-PCE is smaller than that of CHS-PCE, and both smaller than that of the control paste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the influence of superabsorbent polymer (SAP) on the permeability and durability of concrete, by testing the content of chloride ions in concrete under salt water immersion-drying cycle and the carbonation depth under accelerated carbonation conditions, the effects of water pre-soaked SAP and 1% AgNO3 solution pre-soaked SAP gel-particles as internal curing agents on chloride ion invasion and carbonation property of the concrete specimens were investigated. Experiment results show that SAP and SAP-Ag particles play a role of water pump and chloride ion pump in concrete under the wet-dry cycle treatment to accelerate the accumulation and transport of Cl- in concrete, respectively. That is to say, SAP internal curing agent has a negative effect on the concrete resistance to chloride ion erosion under marine environment. On the other hand, by adding appropriate amount of SAP or SAP-Ag gel-particles, the capillary pores of concrete can be plugged to reduce the diffusion path of CO2, as the SAP gel-particles are swollen by moisture absorption, so that the carbonation resistance of concrete is improved to some extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flammability feature of textiles is a big underlying risk causing fire disasters. The fabrication of reliable fire resistant and quick fire warning fabrics is imperative but challenging. Herein, three types of early fire-warning polyester fabrics, namely, FPP@AM-X, FPP@PM-X and FPP@AX-M1, with good flame retardant and piezoresistive sensing performance were developed by fabricating polyethyleneimine (PEI), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), phytic acid (PA) and MXenes onto phosphorus-containing flame retardant polyethylene terephthalate (FRPET) via polydopamine (PDA) mediated layer-by-layer self-assembly. Owing to the improved thermoelectric properties of MXenes, FPP@A5-M1 exhibited a maximum thermoelectric voltage of 0.59 mV at a temperature difference of 130 °C and can provide an ideal cyclic early fire warning response within 4 s. In addition, due to the synergistic flame retardant effect of MXenes and APP in the coating layer, FPP@A5-M1 could be self-extinguished within 2 s after ignition and the value of peak heat release ratio and total smoke production decreased by 41.9% and 30.4%, respectively. Besides, the MXene-based hybrid coated fabric can detect the movement of human fingers and elbows, illustrating its potential application in piezoresistive tension sensing. This work provides a new route to designing and developing multi-functional and smart fire protection fabrics.