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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer that is difficult to treat, has a poor prognosis, and is prone to recurrence and metastasis in the early postoperative period. The age of patients is tending younger, and the racial difference is large. It is also related to family history, and genetic susceptibility is obvious. So, elucidating the genetic risk factors of TNBC and obtaining precise therapeutic targets are urgent tasks. Obtaining reliable characteristic genes and their polymorphisms between TNBC of different subtypes is difficult. This review summarizes the susceptibility genes and the polymorphisms of TNBC susceptibility genes of different molecular subtypes, in order to develop effective TNBC prevention strategies and find effective therapeutic targets. This review provides a theoretical basis for promoting the study of TNBC from the perspective of genetics.

BackgroundPrevious studies using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based connectome analysis revealed improved connectivity in cerebral palsy (CP) patients who underwent autologous umbilical cord blood (UCB) stem-cell therapy. However, the potential mechanism for the connectivity increase remains unclear and needs to be further elucidated.PurposeTo develop a technique with improved accuracy for quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) with unique sensitivity to myelin, and demonstrate its use in elucidating the underlying mechanism of the observed motor function improvement and brain connectivity increase in CP patients who received autologous UCB stem-cell therapy.Study typeProspective.PopulationA cohort of eight pediatric CP patients (2.6 ± 0.6 years of age) with intact corticospinal tracts (CST) from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of autologous UCB stem-cell therapy in CP children was included in this study.Field strength/sequenceDTI and 3D spoiled gradient recalled (SPGR) QSM at 3.0T.AssessmentPre- and posttreatment magnetic susceptibility (χ) and the rotationally-invariant magnetic susceptibility anisotropy (MSA) along the CST were derived. Behavioral changes were assessed using the 66-item Gross Motor Function Measurement. Changes in χ and MSA were compared between patients with and without substantial behavioral improvements.Statistical testsTwo-sample t-tests were performed to assess the differences in the changes of measurements of interest (Δχ, ΔMSA, and ΔFA) between patients who significantly improved and those who did not.ResultsPatients who demonstrated posttreatment motor improvements exceeding expectations showed significantly more diamagnetic Δχ in the periventricular region along the CST (P = 0.003). Further analysis on the ΔMSA of this region was significantly increased (P = 0.006) for high responders, along with concurrent FA increase.Data conclusionThese initial findings suggest that the DTI tract-based QSM method has the potential to characterize white matter changes associated with behavioral improvements in CP children who underwent cord blood stem-cell therapy.Level of evidence2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.

Using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a novel sorbent and a new special anionic chromatographic column for pesticide residues, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous direct determination of glufosinate ammonium and its metabolites 3-methylphosphino-propionic acid and N-acetylglufosinate ammonium in milk. The samples were extracted with methanol, cleaned up using MWCNTs, and degreased by high-speed centrifugation at low temperature. The analytes were separated on an Anionic Polar Pesticide (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 5 μm) column using a mobile phase containing 0.9% formic acid solution (A) and 0.9% formic acid solution-acetonitrile (B). The instrument was operated in the negative ion scanning mode with multiple reaction monitoring. Glufosinate ammonium was quantified by an internal standard method, and its two metabolites by an external standard method. The calibration curves for glufosinate ammonium and its two metabolites were linear in the concentration range of 1–50, 2–50 and 2–50 μg/L with correlation coefficient (R2) greater than 0.99. For these compounds, the limits of detection were 2.5, 5.0 and 5.0 μg/kg, and the limits of quantification were 5.0, 10.0 and 10.0 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 79.35% to 101.80%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) between 1.15% and 8.63%. The proposed method is characterized by simple pretreatment, stable chromatographic conditions, low impurity interference, high sensitivity and good accuracy, and is suitable for the determination of glufosinate ammonium and its metabolite residues in milk.

Eight kinds of patterned discharges are obtained by changing the discharge parameters in a dielectric barrier discharge with modulated gas gaps, which are applicable to materials patterned treatment. A square superlattice pattern consisting of two dot sublattices and one ring sublattice is studied and used to treat a PI film. The formation mechanism is studied by intensified charge coupled device. The spatial distribution of the plasma parameters is measured using optical emission spectra. The gas temperatures as well as the electron densities of the three sublattices are significantly different from each other. The physical and chemical properties of the treated film are measured using a surface profiler, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope. The transmissivity, wettability, and etching depth of the treated PI film demonstrate square superlattice pattern distribution, which verifies the predictions based on plasma parameter measurements. The dielectric barrier discharge device reported here is also applicable to materials' patterned growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial safety is crucial for China’s social and economic development in the new era, and it is an important support for national food security, public health, and social stability. In this article, we analyze the development needs and current status of the microbial safety industry considering the policy environment in China. Subsequently, we clarify the domestic and global development patterns of the industry and summarize the challenges faced by the innovation and application of pathogenic microorganism detection and control technologies in China. Furthermore, we propose a development plan for building China’s microbial safety industry. To explore a high-quality development path, China should build innovation platforms and a large scientific database regarding microbial safety, enhance personnel development for this industry, encourage leading enterprises to develop according to standards and regulations, and strengthen major system innovation and engineering technology research in the microbial safety field.

High contents of reactive nitrogen components aggravate air pollution and could also impact ecosystem structures and functioning across the terrestrial–aquatic–marine continuum. However, the long-term historical trends and future predictions of reactive nitrogen components at the global scale still remain highly uncertain. In our study, field observations, satellite products, model outputs, and many other covariates were integrated into the multi-stage machine-learning model to capture the global patterns of reactive nitrogen components during 2000–2019. In order to decrease the estimate uncertainties in the future scenarios, the constructed reactive nitrogen component dataset for the historical period was utilised as the constraint to calibrate the CMIP6 dataset in four scenarios. The results suggested that the cross-validation (CV) R2 values of four species showed satisfying performance (R2>0.55). The concentrations of estimated reactive nitrogen components in China experienced persistent increases during 2000–2013, while they suffered drastic decreases from 2013, except for NH3. This might be associated with the impact of clean-air policies. However, in Europe and the United States, these compounds have remained relatively stable since 2000. In the future scenarios, SSP3-7.0 (traditional-energy scenario) and SSP1-2.6 (carbon neutrality scenario) showed the highest and lowest reactive nitrogen component concentrations, respectively. Although the reactive nitrogen concentrations in some heavy-pollution scenarios (SSP3-7.0) also experienced decreases during 2020–2100, SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5 (middle-emission scenario) still showed more rapidly decreasing trends. Our results emphasise the need for carbon neutrality pathways to reduce global atmospheric N pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]