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When ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) are used for surface disinfection, the UV dose in some areas may exceed the required level but be insufficient in other areas. The most ideal radiation field is that with the same irradiance level at each point. In this study, a universal formula for determining the radiation field was derived, and a corresponding VBA program was coded for the mathematical simulation, analysis, and optimization of the radiation field. The radiation fields of nine UV-LED radiation patterns were simulated and analyzed. The results indicate that for a board with multiple UV-LEDs, the ratio of the radiation distance to the UV-LED spacing and the radiation patterns of the UV-LEDs are the key factors that influence the uniformity of the radiation field. Because of edge effects, a uniform radiation field can be reached only within 80% of the edge length projected directly below the UV-LED board. When the ratio of the radiation distance to the UV-LED spacing is within the range of 3 to 15, the uniformity is good (the ratio of the minimum to maximum values ≥ 81.8%). The radiation pattern with a smaller maximum emission angle is good for a relatively higher ratio of the irradiation distance to UV-LED spacing, and vice versa.

BackgroundIgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare fibro-inflammatory disease, which is prone to missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis due to nonspecific clinical manifestations.ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical characteristics of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) .MethodsA retrospective design was adopted. Participants were 106 IgG4-RD patients recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2015 to September 2019. Their clinical data were collected, including demographics, results of serological examinations, imaging examinations, histopathological examinations and treatment status. Data of follow-up conducted by telephone or checking medical history data as of January 1, 2020 were also collected.ResultsOf the 106 cases, 69 were male and 37 were female, with a mean age of onset of (54.6±13.1) years. The most common organs involved were lymph nodes (67.0%) , salivary glands (37.7%) , and pancreas (35.8%) . Single organ involvementoccurred in 17 patients (16.0%) . The median number of involved organs was 3 (2, 4) . Women had higher incidence of salivary gland involvement, lacrimal gland involvement as well as lower incidence of pancreatic involvement than men did (P

Having been proposed for more than 3 decades, the concept of ecotourism is one of the issues that attract much attention from the academic circle. Also, the concept of ecotourism develops with such terms as natural tourism, sustainable tourism and green tourism. With the assistance of CiteSpace5.7.R_1, a total of 443 papers included in WOS database from 2006 to 2020 were taken as the raw data in this paper for study. Visualized map analysis was conducted from such perspectives as country/region distribution, institution distribution, journal distribution, keyword co-occurrence, surge theme and highly cited literature, etc, which is purposed to determine the developmental status of this field over the past 15 years, identify its research hotspots and frontiers, as well as provide reference for ecotourism research.According to the research results, the number of relevant literature has shown an upward trend over the past 15 years, with the focuses of research placed mainly on those countries with relatively developed tourism industry. A large majority of the studies focus attention on the preservation of natural environment. Thought the research on ecotourism and sustainable development shows an uneven trend in the distribution of countries / regions, the distribution of various regions in the world is relatively balanced with regard to high-yield institutions. In the recent 15 years, there have been various research hotspots emerging, including nature reserves, rural economic development and others. As for the trend of research, ecotourism has attached increasing significance to the correlation with the growth of local economy. Over the past 15 years, ecotourism research involves at least three major themes. In spite of this, ecotourism research remains subject to some limitations on system theory and methodology. In the concluding part of this paper, a recommendation is put forward that the government should take various measures to guide the further development of ecotourism.

Background: Tripartite motif (TRIM46) is a relatively novel protein that belongs to tripartite motif family. TRIM46 organizes parallel microtubule arrays on the axons, which are important for neuronal polarity and axonal function. TRIM46 is highly expressed in the brain, but its biological function in adults has not yet been determined. Results: Trim46 knockout (KO) rat line was established using CRISPR/cas9. Trim46 KO rats had smaller hippocampus sizes, fewer neuronal dendritic arbors and dendritic spines, and shorter and more distant axon initial segment. Furthermore, the protein interaction between endogenous TRIM46 and FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) in brain tissues was determined; Trim46 KO increased hippocampal FKBP5 protein levels and decreased hippocampal protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, gamma‐aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha1 (GABRA1) and glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 (NMDAR1) protein levels. Trim46 KO rats exhibited hypoactive behavioral changes such as reduced spontaneous activity, social interaction, sucrose preference, impaired prepulse inhibition (PPI), and short‐term reference memory. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the significant impact of Trim46 KO on brain structure and behavioral function. This study revealed a novel potential association of TRIM46 with dendritic development and neuropsychiatric behavior, providing new insights into the role of TRIM46 in the brain. Key Findings: The impact of Trim46 knockout on brain structure and behavioral function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterogeneous phase combined flooding (HPCF) has been a promising technology used for enhancing oil recovery in heterogeneous mature reservoirs. However, the injectivity and propagation behavior of preformed particle gel (PPG) in low–medium-permeability reservoir porous media is crucial for HPCF treatment in a low–medium-permeability reservoir. Thus, the injectivity and propagation behavior of preformed particle gel in a low–medium-permeability reservoir were systematically studied by conducting a series of sand pack flooding experiments. The matching factor (δ) was defined as the ratio of the average size of PPG particles to the mean size of pore throats and the pressure difference ratio (β) was proposed to characterize the injectivity and propagation ability of PPG. The results show that with the increase in particle size and the decrease in permeability, the resistance factor and residual resistance factor increase. With the increase in the matching factor, the resistance factor and residual resistance factor increase. The higher the resistance factor and residual resistance factor are, the worse the injectivity of particles is. By fitting the relationship curve, PPG injection and propagation standards were established: when the matching coefficient is less than 55 and β is less than 3.4, PPG can be injected; when the matching coefficient is 55–72 and β is 3.4–6.5, PPG injection is difficult; when the matching coefficient is greater than 72 and β is greater than 6.5, PPG cannot be injected Thus, the matching relationship between PPG particle size and reservoir permeability was obtained. This research will provide theoretical support for further EOR research and field application of heterogeneous phase combined flooding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the tourism industry and the development of the country's economy as a whole complement each other, because an increase in the tourist attractiveness of the region and the number of tourists contribute to the development of the corresponding infrastructure - hotels, catering establishments, transport, roads. In addition, related sectors of agriculture and industry receive additional incentives for development. Along with the agriculture, tourism in Ukraine can become an engine of economic growth, because the country is quite interesting for both travelers and foreign investors. The purpose of this study is to assess the state of tourism development in Ukraine and substantiate the need for broader international cooperation in this area based on the use of the capabilities of the Belt and Road Initiative, formerly known as One Belt One Road. To confirm the hypothesis of the research, the authors use the provisions of the international cooperation theory, which is based on three questions: 1) what is the purpose of international cooperation? 2) What are the ways of international cooperation? 3) What is the value of international cooperation? The answers to these questions allowed the authors to substantiate the vision of the successful development of the tourism industry in Ukraine, taking into account its strengths and weaknesses. The priority steps for reforming the tourism industry in Ukraine have been identified. These steps involve state support, improvement and expansion of the range of tourist services, the introduction of modern technologies, and the adoption of the best practices of other countries. Tourism can become an effective tool for the dissemination of Ukrainian culture, economic growth in the country. Tourism will give an opportunity to represent Ukraine to the world, increasing the interest of foreign investors and encourage cooperation in international projects such as Belt and Road Initiative.

BackgroundThe current study was conducted to establish animal models (including mouse and ferret) for the novel avian-origin H7N9 influenza virus.FindingsA/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9) virus was administered by intranasal instillation to groups of mice and ferrets, and animals developed typical clinical signs including body weight loss (mice and ferrets), ruffled fur (mice), sneezing (ferrets), and death (mice). Peak virus shedding from respiratory tract was observed on 2 days post inoculation (d.p.i.) for mice and 3-5 d.p.i. for ferrets. Virus could also be detected in brain, liver, spleen, kidney, and intestine from inoculated mice, and in heart, liver, and olfactory bulb from inoculated ferrets. The inoculation of H7N9 could elicit seroconversion titers up to 1280 in ferrets and 160 in mice. Leukopenia, significantly reduced lymphocytes but increased neutrophils were also observed in mouse and ferret models.ConclusionsThe mouse and ferret model enables detailed studies of the pathogenesis of this illness and lay the foundation for drug or vaccine evaluation.

The lamin A/C (LMNA), nuclear intermediate filament proteins, is a basic component of the nuclear lamina. Mutations in LMNA are associated with a broad range of laminopathies, congenital diseases affecting tissue regeneration and homeostasis. Heart tissue specific transgenic mice of human LMNA E82K, a mutation causing dilated cardiomyopathy, were generated. Lmna(E82K) transgenic mouse lines exhibited thin-walled, dilated left and right ventricles, a progressive decrease of contractile function assessed by echocardiography. Abnormalities of the conduction system, myocytes disarray, collagen accumulation and increased levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), procollagen type III α1 (Col3α1) and skeletal muscle actin α1 (Actα1) were detected in the hearts of Lmna(E82K) transgenic mice. The LMNA E82K mutation caused mislocation of LMNA in the nucleus and swollen mitochondria with loss of critae, together with the loss of nuclear envelope integrity. Most interestingly, we found that the level of apoptosis was 8.5-fold higher in the Lmna(E82K) transgenic mice than that of non-transgenic (NTG) mice. In the presence of the LMNA E82K, both of FAS and mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis were activated consistent with the increase of FAS expression, the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol and activation of caspase-8, -9 and -3. Our results suggested that the apoptosis, at least for the LMNA E82K or the mutations in the rod region of Lamin A/C, might be an important mechanism causing continuous loss of myocytes and lead to myocardial dysfunction. It could be a potential therapeutic means to suppress and/or prevent inappropriate cardiac cell death in patients carrying LMNA mutation.