Search

Aiming at the problem that traditional convolutional neural network (CNN) continuously stacks convo-lutional layers and pooling layers in order to obtain high accuracy, resulting in complicated model structure, long training time, and single data processing method, a optimized layered convolutional sub-health recognition algorithm of improved capsule network is proposed. Firstly, the original vibration data are transformed by wavelet denoising and wavelet packet denoising to better retain the useful information in the original signal for sub-health recognition. Secondly, CNN adopts the idea of layered convolution, parallelizes three convolution kernels of different scales, and carries on multi-angle feature extraction. Finally, the features extracted by the convolution kernels are input into the improved capsule network with pruning strategy for sub-health recognition. The improved capsule network can not only guarantee the accuracy, but also accelerate the sub-health recognition time, thus the problems of too compli-cated CNN structure and poor recognition effect are solved. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has high recognition accuracy and less recognition time.

The present study designed two sets of experiments by using the uniform design method and investigated the effects of medium components on the accumulation of bioactive compounds (polysaccharide and kinsenoside) in rhizomes, in order to select a suitable culture medium for the rhizome suspension culture of Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. Among the combinations of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium strengths and plant growth regulator (benzylaminopurine, BA; kinetin, KT; and α-naphthaleneacetic acid, NAA) concentrations, and the combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sucrose concentrations, the maximum yield of polysaccharides and kinsenoside was achieved with 0.75 × MS + 2.0 mg L−1 BA + 0.2 mg L−1 KT + 0.5 mg L−1 NAA and 45 mM nitrogen + 0.93 mM phosphorus + 35 g L−1 sucrose, respectively. Therefore, the optimal rhizome suspension culture medium was 0.75 × MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L−1 BA, 0.2 mg L−1 KT, 0.5 mg L−1 NAA, and 35 g L−1 sucrose. Yeast extract (YE) enhanced bioactive compound accumulation in rhizomes. The polysaccharide and kinsenoside production was significantly improved when 75 mg L−1 YE was added to the culture medium after 30 d of rhizome suspension culture; 8.3 g L−1 of polysaccharide and 6.1 g L−1 of kinsenoside were obtained after 4 d of YE treatment. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of YE-treated rhizomes was higher than that of YE-untreated rhizomes, demonstrating enhanced antioxidant activity of the treated bioreactor-cultured rhizomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simultaneous determination method of 14 multi-class pharmaceuticals using solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS/MS) was established to measure the occurrence and distribution of these pharmaceuticals in tap water and a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) in Beijing, China. Target compounds included seven anti-inflammatory drugs, two antibacterial drugs, two lipid regulation drugs, one antiepileptic drug, and one hormone. Limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) ranged from 0.01 to 1.80 ng/L and 0.05 to 3.00 ng/L, respectively. Intraday and inter-day precisions, recoveries of different matrices, and matrix effects were also investigated. Of the 14 pharmaceutical compounds selected, nine were identified in tap water of Beijing downtown with the concentration up to 38.24 ng/L (carbamazepine), and the concentration levels of detected pharmaceuticals in tap water (<5 ng/L for most pharmaceuticals) were lower than previous studies in other countries. In addition, ten and six pharmaceuticals were measured in raw water and finished water at the concentration ranged from 0.10 to 16.23 and 0.13 to 17.17 ng/L, respectively. Five compounds were detected most frequently in DWTP, namely antipyrine, carbamazepine, isopropylantipyrine, aminopyrine, and bezafibrate. Ibuprofen was found to be the highest concentration pharmaceutical during DWTP, up to 53.30 ng/L. DWTP shows a positive effect on the removal of most pharmaceuticals with 81.2-99.5 % removal efficiencies, followed by carbamazepine with 55.4 % removal efficiency, but it has no effect for removing ibuprofen and bezafibrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic wastewater was treated by combined anaerobic biofilm-aerobic membrane bioreactor(MBR) process, and part biomass in MBR was withdraws to treat with ozone, than the ozonated sludge was returned to anaerobic inlet. In aerobic MBR, MLSS and DO were controlled at 3000--3500 mg/L and 0.8 mg/L respectively. Comparing the experimental results of two stages, it was noticed that ozonation did not affect the removal efficiency for organics but had a significant on the removals of NH[sub3] -N and TN. During the ozonation period of two months, no excess sludge was wasted, and a zero sludge yield was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the carbon emission accounting method for domestic sewage, combined with the current situation of rural domestic sewage treatment, the carbon emissions of traditional schemes and source separation schemes under the three scenarios of single household, multi-household, and pipeline treatments were calculated. The results showed that the net carbon emissions （calculated as CO 2 ） of the single household, multi-household, and pipeline treatment traditional schemes were 1.21, 3.37, and 2.69 kg·m -3 , respectively. The net carbon emissions （calculated as CO 2 ） of the single household, multi-household, and pipeline treatments in source separation schemes were -0.50, -0.04, and -0.54 kg·m -3 , respectively, achieving zero or even negative carbon emissions. The direct and indirect carbon emissions of the source separation scheme were lower than those of the traditional scheme under all three scenarios. The carbon compensation measures in the source separation scheme mainly came from the land use of urine after storage and treatment. By separating blackwater from graywater at the source, the Source Separation Program achieved resource utilization of highly concentrated pollutants in blackwater, reducing emissions while generating significant carbon offsets. Therefore, efforts should be made to promote the separation and treatment of rural domestic sewage sources, improve the utilization rate of rural domestic sewage resources, and achieve green and low-carbon development of rural domestic sewage treatment.

Understanding the intricate relationship between prognosis, immune function, and molecular markers in bladder cancer (BC) demands sophisticated analytical methods. To identify novel biomarkers for predicting prognosis and immune function in BC patients, we combined weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. This was conducted using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Ultimately, we screened the junctional adhesion molecule 3 (JAM3) as an independent risk factor in BC. High levels of JAM3 were linked to adverse clinical parameters, such as higher T and N stages. Additionally, a JAM3-based nomogram model accurately predicted 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of BC patients, indicating potential clinical utility. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that high JAM3 expression activated the calcium signaling pathway, the extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and was positively correlated with genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Subsequently, we found that overexpression of JAM3 promoted the migration and invasion abilities in BC cells, regulating the expression levels of N-cadherin, matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2), and Claudin-1 thereby promoting EMT levels. Additionally, we showed that JAM3 was negatively correlated with anti-tumor immune cells such as CD8+ T cells, while positively correlated with pro-tumor immune cells such as M2 macrophages, suggesting its involvement in immune cell infiltration. The immune checkpoint CD200 also showed a positive correlation with JAM3. Our findings revealed that elevated JAM3 levels are predictive of poor prognosis and immune cell infiltration in BC patients by regulating the EMT process.

With the introduction of the goal of carbon neutrality, the efficient resource recycling of municipal sludge has been given increasing attention. In order to scientifically evaluate the routes of sludge treatment and disposal from the perspective of carbon emissions, four typical routes were chosen for accounting the carbon emissions per ton for dry sludge (DS). Based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), combined with Chinese sludge characteristics, carbon emissions were divided into three types:the direct emissions, indirect emissions, and carbon offsets, and accounting boundaries were initiated at sludge thickening and ended at products or energies. The results showed that the total carbon emission of R4 (gravity thickening+thermal hydrolysis+anaerobic digestion+plate and frame filter pressing+transportation+land utilization) was 99.41 kg·t -1 (calculated as CO 2 /DS, same below), which was the route with lowest carbon emissions. If the fugitive emission of CH 4 from anaerobic digestion was avoided, the route (R4) could achieve carbon neutrality at this stage. Process units with larger carbon emissions should focus on optimization to reduce the carbon emissions, such as through thermal drying (1049.24 kg·t -1 ), deep dewatering (960.99 kg·t -1 ), sanitary landfill (786.24 kg·t -1 ), incineration (635.52 kg·t -1 ), aerobic composting (614.17 kg·t -1 ), and thermal hydrolysis (544.67 kg·t -1 ). The main carbon offsets were the incineration power generation (-1440.29 kg·t -1 ), CH 4 collection of anaerobic digestion (-435.06 kg·t -1 ), land utilization (-415.83 kg·t -1 ), and building materials utilization (-169.75 kg·t -1 ). In summary, "anaerobic digestion and land utilization" has a great potential for carbon offsets, which should be advocated for as the widely used treatment.

A SNAD(simultaneous partial nitrification,ANAMMOX,and denitrification) process initiated in a submerged biological aerated filter (SBAF) was started up by seeding nitrification sludge and an ANAMMOX filter to investigate the operating characteristics and the succession of functional bacteria. The results showed that when the autotrophic nitrogen removal and denitrification were operated stably for 67 days at an initial COD concentration of 60 mg·L -1 , the maximum nitrogen removal efficiency, the COD removal rate, and the nitrogen removal rate were 92.0%, 82.9%, and 2.3 kg·(m 3 ·d) -1 , respectively. Moreover, the total nitrogen removal rate of the SNAD process in this study was 12.6% higher than that of CANON process. The results of quantitative PCR showed that the abundance of AOB slightly increased, while the abundance of ANAMMOX was one order higher than that before the start-up of SNAD. In comparison, the abundances of denitrifiers and NOB remained at a relatively low level (10 7 copies·g -1 ). Taken together, these results suggested that the SBAF process with volcanic filter was beneficial for the accumulation of ANAMMOX and AOB.

The photodegradation performance and mechanisms of antipyrine (ANT, a member of anti-inflammatory analgesics) under simulated irradiation using a 300 W Xenon lamp were explored in this study. And the variation of the photodegradation of ANT in the presence of different forms of nitrogen and different pE values in the aqueous environment were also investigated. The results demonstrated that ANT photodegradation proceeds via pseudo first-order kinetics in all cases. Photodegradation of ANT in water occurs through direct photodegradation and self-sensitization via reactions with hydroxyl radical (*OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2). Presence of different forms of inorganic nitrogen (NH4+, NO2- and NO3-) showed rather different effects. At low pE value (< 5), NH4+ was the main form of inorganic nitrogen, and little effect was observed on ANT photodegradation. With the increase of pE value from 4.82 to 6.85, nitrogen form changed from NH4+ to NO2- accordingly, and the inhibiting effect increased gradually due to their competitive absorption for the irradiation and NO2- acting as a scavenger of *OH. At pE 6.85, NO2- was the main form of inorganic nitrogen, which showed a maximum inhibiting rate of 35.31%. When the pE value continued to increase from 6.85 to 8.15, the nitrogen form changed from NO2- to NO3-, and the suppression effect on ANT photodegradation decreased.

The photodegradation performance and mechanisms of carbamazepine (CBZ) in pure water were investigated in simulated irradiation using a 300 W Xenon lamp. Batch experiments were carried out to explore the influences of nitrate (NO3(-)), bicarbonateradical (HCO3(-)) and humic acid (HA) on CBZ's photodegradation. The results demonstrate that the photodegradation of CBZ in pure water follows a pseudo-first-order kinetics. When the irradiation intensity was 1200 mW x cm(-2) and the initial concentration of CBZ was 200 microg x L(-1), the CBZ's photodegradation rate constant and half-life were 0.028 7 min(-1) and 24.15 min, respectively. Sensitization degradation gave the priority to the photodegradation of CBZ, and the contribution of singlet oxygen (1O2) was 75.3% which was higher than hydroxyl radical (*OH) of 5.6%. Under the conditions of this study, the increase of NO3(-), HCO3(-) and HA concentration inhibited CBZ's photodegradation. Among of which, the inhibition effect of NO3(-) on CBZ's photodegradation was the most significant. When the concentration of NO3(-) was up to 0.5 mmol x L(-1), the half-life of CBZ was prolonged to 433.22 min, which was 18 times as that in pure water without NO3(-).

Under the condition of keeping the influent COD: TN: TP = 100:5:1, submerged MBR has an excellent treatment performance for COD and NH4+ -N, and the removals for COD and NH4+ -N are both beyond 90% under steady state, in addition, MBR has a strong adaptation ability for shock organics loading rate. When the organic loading rate was increased from 0.27g/(g x d) to 0.54g/(g x d) suddenly, there was no big fluctuation for COD in effluent. According to the results of GC/MS, the remaining organics in effluent was mainly alkyl hydrocarbon, and the membrane modules played a main role in stabling permeation quality. When the sludge in MBR was at the multiplication stage, the system has a removal of about 40% for TN because of biosynthesis and simultaneous nitrification and de-nitrification, in addition, a certain removal for TP was also observed. When the sludge was at the steady stage, the removal for TN decreased to about 30% due to simultaneous nitrification and de-nitrification, whereas, the removal efficiency for TP was very little, and sometimes even below zero.