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The oral and upper respiratory tracts are closely linked anatomically and physiologically with the lower respiratory tract and lungs, and the influence of oral and upper respiratory microbes on the lung microbiota is increasingly being recognized. However, the ecological process and individual heterogeneity of the oral and upper respiratory tract microbes shaping the lung microbiota remain unclear owing to the lack of controlled analyses with sufficient sample sizes. Here, the microbiomes of saliva, nasal cavity, oropharyngeal area, and bronchoalveolar lavage samples are profiled and the shaping process of multisource microbes on the lung microbiota is measured. It is found that oral and nasal microbial inputs jointly shape the lung microbiota by occupying different ecological niches. It is also observed that the spread of oral microbes to the lungs is heterogeneous, with more oral microbes entering the lungs being associated with decreased lung function and increased lung proinflammatory cytokines. These results depict the external shaping process of lung microbiota and indicate the great value of oral samples, such as saliva, in monitoring and assessing lung microbiota status in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), with increasing incidence, is the major cause of vision loss and blindness worldwide in working-age adults. Diabetic macular edema (DME) remains the main cause of vision impairment in diabetic patients, with its pathogenesis still not completely elucidated. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of DR and DME. Currently, intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents remains as the first-line therapy in DME treatment due to the superior anatomic and functional outcomes. However, some patients do not respond satisfactorily to anti-VEGF injections. More than 30% patients still exist with persistent DME even after regular intravitreal injection for at least 4 injections within 24 weeks, suggesting other pathogenic factors, beyond VEGF, might contribute to the pathogenesis of DME. Recent advances showed nearly all the retinal cells are involved in DR and DME, including breakdown of blood-retinal barrier (BRB), drainage dysfunction of Müller glia and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), involvement of inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration, all complicating the pathogenesis of DME. The profound understanding of the changes in proteomics and metabolomics helps improve the elucidation of the pathogenesis of DR and DME and leads to the identification of novel targets, biomarkers and potential therapeutic strategies for DME treatment. The present review aimed to summarize the current understanding of DME, the involved molecular mechanisms, and the changes in proteomics and metabolomics, thus to propose the potential therapeutic recommendations for personalized treatment of DME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing installed capacity of energy storage and the rapid accelerating process of electricity marketization, grid-side independent energy storage are beginning to generate profit by participating in the ancillary service market and reducing the strain on the grid. Although energy storage are currently involved in only one auxiliary service, their low utilization and low revenue can make it difficult to recover costs quickly. A method is presented in this article for optimizing peak modulation (PM) and optimizing frequency modulation (FM) in the auxiliary services market by dynamically partitioning independent energy storage partitions. This paper focuses on developing a method for secondary power allocation that is combined with two-level nested optimization. For two different markets and two different methods, separate power allocations are required. The outer layer optimization depends on the inner layer optimization results to produce the optimal primary allocated power, and the inner layer optimization is constrained by the outer layer optimization results to produce the optimal secondary allocated power. Additionally, the method can not only be applied to fixed type energy storage, but also to pure PM stations and pure FM stations; this paper also proposes an improved method for energy storage containing two batteries and providing two auxiliary services. According to the results of the study, the proposed strategy has a better economic value as well as better engineering value as compared with a single auxiliary service and two different coordination methods. • Proposes a twice power allocation combined with a two-layer nested optimization method. • Proposed a method of prioritizing participation in different ancillary service markets. • The method considers multiple influencing factors at different time scales. • Proposed a method of prioritizing participation in different ancillary service markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the leading urban agglomeration in China, the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) is experiencing a factor-driven to innovation-driven transition. However, the dynamics of regional innovation growth are not yet fully understood. This paper combines the complex network methodology with spatial econometrics to disentangle the contributions of innovation endowments, innovation network flows, and innovation network positions to regional innovation growth, as well as their spatial spillover effects. The primary findings suggest that regional innovation growth results from the networked agglomeration economies, which is shaped by the interactions between agglomeration factors and network factors. Specifically, agglomeration factors play a fundamental role in regional innovation growth. In contrast, network factors, such as the network flows and network positions, may contribute to new path creation by promoting access to external innovation resources. Additionally, the institutional factors show multiplexity in fostering regional innovation patterns. Such findings indicate that the YRD region should shift the innovation growth pattern from competitive involution to mutually beneficial cooperation to reduce regional disparities. In this regard, the institutional capacity of organizing network flows and fostering reciprocal inter-city partnerships has become increasingly critical for promoting sustainable innovation and regional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enamel demineralization of the brackets caused by surrounding bacteria is the main challenge facing orthodontists. Aiming to resolve this issue, here we originally reported a novel antibacterial coating based on ZnO and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) composite prepared via a facile and environmentally-friendly method. As desired, the bracket modified with ZnO/CQDs coating exhibited excellent antibacterial performance than the unmodified bracket ( Streptococcus mutans 96.13%, Staphylococcus aureus 90.28% and Escherichia coli 92.35%) under natural light. In addition, the natural light antibacterial mechanism was explored, which could be ascribed to the upconversion fluorescence of the CQDs and the interaction between CQDs and ZnO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leave-one-out cross-validation is an important parameter selection strategy for SVM-like family, including SVM and SVR. However, due to the high computational complexity, the adaptability of this strategy is restricted. In this paper, aiming at its practical application, a fast leave-one-out cross-validation method by using an adjustment factor is proposed which focusses especially on the practicability for the SVM-like family where the decision function can be expressed by explicit dot-product of each training sample pair. The ability of the proposed method in fast parameter selection is better than that of original leave-one-out cross-validation with the same or comparable learning performance. The simulation results indicate the effectiveness and speedup of the proposed leave-one-out cross-validation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In article number 2203115, Jingxiang Zhang, Guo-Bao Tian, Tao Ding, and co-workers have found that differential input from oral bacteria determines the specific composition of the lung microbiota. They identified two different microbiota pneumo-types and found that a high oral input type of lung microbiota was associated with higher levels of inflammatory cytokines and poorer clinical indices. B Lung Microbiota b The lungs were previously considered sterile, however high-throughput metagenomic sequencing of bronchia-alveolar lavage fluid samples has identified the presence of commensal microorganisms. [Extracted from the article]

Multiple source transfer learning (MSTL) has been obtaining more and more applications especially from several related source domains to help the learning task on target domain. However, multiple source transfer learning algorithms often deal with the corresponding quadratic programming problems which may suffer a big computational burden caused by the kernel matrix computation. In this paper, a novel common-decision-vector based multiple source transfer classification learning (CDV-MSTL) is proposed which doesn't depend on the intrinsic structure of data. This algorithm is based on the structural risk minimization principle and the SVM like framework, so it has good adaptability and better accuracy. Based on the theory of CVM, CDV-MSTL is extended to its CVM based version which can realize fast training for large scale data. Extensive experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate the significant improvement in classification performance obtained by the proposed algorithm over existing MSTL algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The thermal evolution and dynamic properties of gold clusters with different number of particles are investigated by the molecular dynamics simulation during the cooling process. A comparison between the solidification of bulk system and that of the clusters shows that the clusters of different sizes will form different microstructures under the same cooling condition. Clusters with the larger number of particles transform from liquid-like to crystal-like structure discontinuously. In the smaller clusters, no similar structural transformations are found. The microstructure transition in the cooling process of gold clusters is dependent on the number of particles. By the calculation of the mean square displacements (MSDs) of different clusters, it shows that the MSDs of clusters during solidification have a close correlation with the structural transition behaviors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• 3D rGCSs was fabricated using a one-step chemical deposition process on 3D reduced GOA. • The rGCSs demonstrated excellent antibacterial properties via colony counting experiments. • The antibacterial killing rate was up to 100% for E. coli and S. aureus. • rGCSs is an ideal antibacterial candidate for practical applications in sewage systems. Three-dimensional (3D) graphene/nano-copper scaffolds (rGCSs) was fabricated using a one-step chemical deposition on 3D reduced graphene oxide architecture (rGOA). The nano-copper was conformably grown on the rGOA substrate with a uniform morphology. Due to combined effects between the graphene skeleton and the nano-copper, the rGCSs demonstrated excellent antibacterial properties in the colony counting experiments. In addition, an rGCSs device was designed to further investigate the antibacterial performance for sewage management. The antibacterial killing rate was up to 100% for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and the nano-copper deposits were immobilized on the reduced graphene oxide sheets during the circulation process. This suggests that rGCSs is a highly-efficient antibacterial candidate for practical applications in sewage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing noise in CT images and extracting key features are crucial for improving the accuracy of medical diagnoses, but it remains a challenging problem due to the complex characteristics of CT images and the limitations of existing methods. It is worth noting that multiple views can provide a richer representation of information compared to a single view, and the unique advantages of the wavelet transform in feature analysis. In this study, a novel Multi-View Weighted Feature Fusion algorithm called MVWF is proposed to address the challenge of enhancing CT image recognition utilizing wavelet transform and convolutional neural networks. In the proposed approach, the wavelet transform is employed to extract both detailed and primary features of CT images from two views, including high frequency and low frequency. To mitigate information loss, the source domain is also considered as a view within the multi-view structure. Furthermore, AlexNet is deployed to extract deeper features from the multi-view structure. Additionally, the MVWF algorithm introduces a balance factor to account for both specific information and global information in CT images. To accentuate significant multi-view features and reduce feature dimensionality, random forest is used to assess feature importance followed by weighted fusion. Finally, CT image recognition is accomplished using the SVM classifier. The performance of the MVWF algorithm has been compared with classical multi-view algorithms and common single-view methods on COVID-CT and SARS-COV-2 datasets. The experimental results indicate that an average improvement of 6.8% in CT image recognition accuracy can be achieved by utilizing the proposed algorithm. Particularly, the MVF algorithm and MVWF algorithm have attained AUC values of 0.9972 and 0.9982, respectively, under the SARS-COV-2 dataset, demonstrating outstanding recognition performance. The proposed algorithms can capture more robust and comprehensive high-quality feature representation by considering feature correlations across views and feature importance based on Multi-view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Poor mechanical properties of chitosan hydrogels limit their applications as the wound dressing. To overcome this drawback, we abandoned the traditional glacial acetic acid method but adopted a LiOH/urea solvent system to synthesize chitosan hydrogel. Then reductive Ag nanoparticles were integrated into the chitosan hydrogel networks, aiming at reinforcing the mechanical properties and improving the antibacterial properties of chitosan hydrogel. The synthesized hydrogels were subsequently characterized using the FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM. In addition, swelling characteristics, mechanical properties, antibacterial abilities as well as wound healing efficacy on Sprague–Dawley rats were evaluated. The results showed that the novel hydrogel exhibited porous three-dimensional network and ultrahigh mechanical properties due to the inter-molecular and intra-molecular interactions. The compressive strength was 15.95 ± 1.95 MPa, >100 times stronger than that of the control group. Meanwhile, the hydrogels still remained structural integrity even if the strain exceeded 90%. Furthermore, compared with the controls, the hydrogels exhibited more excellent antibacterial performance and significantly (p < 0.05) increased the rate of the re-epithelialization and collagen deposition, effectively accelerating the wound healing. Therefore, the synthesized hydrogel with ultrahigh mechanical properties will be found potential applications in the fields of biomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to fixed orthodontic appliances with brackets, thermoplastic invisible orthodontic aligners offer several advantages, such as high aesthetic performance, good comfort, and convenient oral health maintenance, and are widely used in orthodontic fields. However, prolonged use of thermoplastic invisible aligners may lead to demineralization and even caries in most patients' teeth, as they enclose the tooth surface for an extended period. To address this issue, we have created PETG composites that contain piezoelectric barium titanate nanoparticles (BaTiO3NPs) to obtain antibacterial properties. First, we prepared piezoelectric composites by incorporating varying amounts of BaTiO3NPs into PETG matrix material. The composites were then characterized using techniques such as SEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy, which confirmed the successful synthesis of the composites. We cultivated biofilms of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) on the surface of the nanocomposites under both polarized and unpolarized conditions. We then activated piezoelectric charges by subjecting the nanocomposites to 10 Hz cyclic mechanical vibration. The interactions between the biofilms and materials were evaluated by measuring the biofilm biomass. The addition of piezoelectric nanoparticles had a noticeable antibacterial effect on both the unpolarized and polarized conditions. Under polarized conditions, nanocomposites demonstrated a greater antibacterial effect than under unpolarized conditions. Additionally, as the concentration of BaTiO3NPs increased, the antibacterial rate also increased, with the surface antibacterial rate reaching 67.39% (30 wt% BaTiO3NPs). These findings have the potential for application in wearable, invisible appliances to improve clinical services and reduce the need for cleaning methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ce 3+ , Yb 3+ and Tb 3+ singly doped and Ce 3+ -Yb 3+ , Tb 3+ -Yb 3+ codoped Ca 3 (BO 3 ) 2 phosphors were prepared by a solid state reaction method. The photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra at room temperature were investigated. The emissions of Yb 3+ ion are at around 1000 nm, matching well with the optimal response of Si-based solar cells. When codoped with Ce 3+ or Tb 3+ ion, the absorption is greatly broadened in the ultraviolet-visible region. Energy transfer from Ce 3+ /Tb 3+ to Yb 3+ was investigated, the cooperative energy transfer process is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, hazardous wastewater treatment has been a complex and global problem. In this work, by considering the antimicrobial activity of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), we constructed an antibacterial device (G-AgNP) with AgNPs conformably deposited onto a 3D scaffold of reduced graphene oxide in situ. The major limitation, which is difficult to recycle, of two-dimensional graphene-silver composite materials in previous studies is improved. Characterization techniques, SEM, TEM, XRD, and XPS, confirmed the synthesis of nanocomposites. Attributed to its larger specific area, more active sites, and synergistic enhancement, the G-AgNP device demonstrated the best bacterial removal capacity, with an antibacterial rate for both E. coli and S. aureus as high as 100% at quite low AgNP contents. The reported G-AgNP has potential application as a wearable sewage treatment device and for the protection of wearable sensors as a promising sterilizing candidate based on its high and stable antibacterial efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of triazole derivatives containing phenylethynyl pyrazole moiety as side chain were designed, synthesized, and most of them exhibited good in vitro antifungal activities. Especially, compounds 5k and 6c showed excellent in vitro activities against C. albicans (MIC = 0.125, 0.0625 μg/mL), C. neoformans (MIC = 0.125, 0.0625 μg/mL), and A. fumigatus (MIC = 8.0, 4.0 μg/mL). Compound 6c also exerted superior activity to compound 5k and fluconazole in inhibiting hyphae growth of C. albicans and inhibiting drug-resistant strains of C. albicans, and it could reduce fungal burdens in mice kidney at a dosage of 1.0 mg/kg. An in vivo efficacy evaluation indicated that 6c could effectively protect mice models from C. albicans infection at doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg. These results suggested that compound 6c deserves further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the impact of continuous vaccination and voluntary isolation for the COVID-19, a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered-quarantine-vaccines (SEIR-QV) model is proposed. A basic regeneration number R 0 is defined to determine the extinction or persistence of the disease. We numerically analyze the impact of key parameters based on actual parameters of COVID-19, such as the vaccination rate, population importation rate, and natural (or causal) mortality transmission rate on the dynamics of disease transmission. Then we obtain sensitivity indices of some parameters on R 0 by sensitivity analysis. Finally, the stability of the system and the effectiveness of the optimal control strategy are verified by numerical simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a potential carcinogen widely found in various fermented foods and beverages, including Huangjiu (Chinese rice wine). Urea is the main precursor of ethyl carbamate in Huangjiu and the ethyl carbamate concentration increases gradually during storage. In this work, the changes of urea and EC content were investigated during the storage of Huangjiu under different conditions. The results indicated that urea hydrolysis is the dominant mechanism in urea consumption during storage. Then the kinetic models of urea consumption and EC formation were established based on the Arrhenius equation and Eyring equation, respectively. The prediction results of urea and EC concentrations based on these two models were consistent with experimental data, while the model based on the Eyring equation gave a better performance. The corresponding urea control indicators for Huangjiu with different alcohol concentrations under different storage conditions and specific EC benchmark limits can be calculated based on the model. The urea concentration of Huangjiu should be less than 2 mg/L to have a low risk for EC to exceed the standard of 100 μg/L after storage. Low-temperature storage can slow down and reduce the production of EC. These results are helpful to solve critical problems such as content prediction of urea and EC, condition control for storage and limit standards for EC in Huangjiu. • A kinetic model for EC formation from urea during Huangjiu storage was established. • Hydrolysis is the dominant mechanism in urea depletion during Huangjiu storage. • Urea and EC contents in stored Huangjiu can be accurately predicted by the models. • Urea control limits and storage conditions can be proposed based on the models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, flexible pressure sensors rooting in piezoresistive mechanism have gained immense popularity due to their excellent application potential in the fields of software robotics, electronic skins and human health monitoring, etc. However, the trade-off between sensitivity and pressure range still remains challenging for the wide application of piezoresistive sensors. Herein, a novel flexible pressure sensor constructing from electrospun ionic liquids/Multi-walled carbon nanotubes/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (ILs/MWCNTs/PVDF) ternary composite that permits high-sensitivity detection over broad pressure range is implemented. Benefitting from the filamentous porous network coupled with urchin-shaped beads, the newly developed active ternary composite showed excellent compressibility and high sensitivity to pressure, endowing the resultant piezoresistive sensor with broad-pressure detection ranging from 1.0 Pa to 307 kPa with a maximum sensitivity of 0.075 kPa−1. Simultaneously, the proposed sensor present fast response/recovery time of 120/80 ms and high operation stability over 14000 cyclic pressings. Also, the feasibility of sensor in effectively monitoring various physiological signals, recognizing keyboards and expressing spatial pressure distribution is demonstrated, implying their great potential as viable high-performance pressure sensor. [Display omitted] • A filamentous porous conductive network coupled with urchin-shaped beads is developed in ILs/MWCNTs/PVDF composite. • The unique microstructure of composite permits its outstanding pressure sensing performance. • The composite based sensor demonstrates great viability in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mobile colistin resistance like gene (mcr-like gene) is a new type of polymyxin resistance gene that can be horizontally transferred in the Enterobacteriaceae. This has brought great challenges to the treatment of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and K. pneumoniae. Results: K. pneumoniae 16BU137 and E. coli 17MR471 were isolated from the bus and subway handrails in Guangzhou, China. K. pneumoniae 19PDR22 and KP20191015 were isolated from patients with urinary tract infection and severe pneumonia in Anhui, China. Sequence analysis indicated that the mcr-1.1 gene was present on the chromosome of E. coli 17MR471, and the gene was in the gene cassette containing pap2 and two copies of ISApl1.The mcr-1.1 was found in the putative IncX4 type plasmid p16BU137_mcr-1.1 of K. pneumoniae 16BU137, but ISApl1 was not found in its flanking sequence. Mcr-8 variants were found in the putative IncFIB/ IncFII plasmid pKP20191015_mcr-8 of K. pneumoniae KP20191015 and flanked by ISEcl1 and ISKpn26. Conclusion: This study provides timely information on Enterobacteriaceae bacteria carrying mcr-like genes, and provides a reference for studying the spread of mcr-1 in China and globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The viscosities of eutectic Al–12wt.%Si alloy and those modified with Sr and P were investigated using high-temperature torsional oscillation viscometer. Strontium decreased melt''s viscosity, while phosphorus increased viscosity. Both additional level and means of addition affected the variation of viscosity. The activation energy of viscous flow was strengthened after modification, but the influence of modification on the molar volume was perplexing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The global outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic has caused a considerable impact on humans, which expresses the urgency and importance of studying its impacts. Previous studies either frequently use aggregated research methods of statistic data or stay during COVID-19. The afterward impacts of COVID-19 on human behaviors need to be explored further. This article carries out a non-aggregated study methodology in human geography based on big data from social media comments and takes Nanjing, China, as the research case to explore the afterward impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the spatial behavior of urban tourists. Precisely, we propose the methodology covers two main aspects regarding travel contact trajectory and spatial trajectory. In contact trajectory, we explore three indicators—Connection Strength, Degree Centrality, and Betweenness Centrality—of the collected attractions. Then, in spatial trajectory, we input the results from contact trajectory into ArcGIS by using the Orientation–Destination Model and Standard Deviation Ellipse to explore the influences on the spatial pattern. By setting up comparative groups for the three periods of before, during, and after the COVID-19 in Nanjing, this study found that, in the post-epidemic era, (1) the spatial behavior of urban tourists showed a state of overall contraction; (2) the objects of contraction changed from urban architectural attractions to urban natural attractions; (3) the form of contraction presents concentric circles with the central city (Old City of Nanjing) as the core; (4) the direction of contraction heads to the large-scale natural landscape in the central city, which highlights the importance of green open spaces in the post-epidemic era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The molecular-dynamics (MD) simulation on liquid Al80Fe20 alloy is carried out to investigate the medium-range order (MRO) structure at the cooling rate of 2.6×1013 K/s. The pre-peak in the structure factor S(Q) as the signature of MRO is observed in the experiment, which is in good agreement with our simulation in the equilibrium liquid state (1450 K). With temperature decreasing, the intensity of pre-peak gradually increases, and the second peak begins to split into two peaks below 700 K. It is shown from the analysis of S(Q) that MRO structure will attribute to the icosahedral local order the in the system. The Ashcroft–Langreth (A–L) structure factor exhibits the preference of heteroatomic interaction. It is found from the Bhatis–Thornton (B–T) structure factors that the pre-peaks in total structure factors at different temperatures originates from the chemical ordering in the system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The accurate identification of urban functional areas is of great significance for optimizing urban spatial structure, rationally allocating spatial elements, and promoting the sustainable development of the city. This paper proposes a method to precisely identify urban functional areas by coupling Open Street Map (OSM) and Point of Interest (POI) data. It takes the central urban area of Hangzhou as a case study to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of the functional areas. The results show that: (1) The central urban areas of Hangzhou are divided into 21 functional areas (6 single functional areas, 14 mixed functional areas and 1 comprehensive functional area). (2) The single functional areas and the mixed functional areas show the geographical distribution characteristics of the looping stratification, which means "Core-periphery" differentiation is obvious, and the comprehensive functional area is relatively scattered. (3) The mixed degree of regional function with ecological function and production function is low while comprehensive functional areas are usually associated with higher potential and vitality. (4) The identification results are in great agreement with the actual situation of Hangzhou central urban area, and the method is feasible. Therefore, this paper can provide a reference for urban development planning and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the large‐scale development of renewable energy resources globally, control optimization of coal‐fired power plants is becoming increasingly crucial. The dynamics of the coordinated control system (CCS) must be studied prior to designing a controller. These dynamics of the subcritical units have been expressed through various modeling methods. However, in previous studies, ordinary differential equations (ODEs) have been primarily employed, which cannot reflect the uncertainties in the system. Therefore, a model with a greater accuracy should be observed to comprise uncorrelated residuals. In this study, the uncertainties in the calorific value of fired coal and combustion process were analyzed first. A normal distribution of disturbance was assumed in this process. The dynamics of the CCS were then described with stochastic differential equations (SDEs). Furthermore, a parameter estimation procedure was designed. The residual evaluation is employed to improve the model evaluation. After simulations, the SDE‐based model‐3 in this study elucidates the dynamics of the subcritical boiler‐turbine system better than the ODE‐based model and other SDE‐based models. The measured values can be regarded as a possible result of this model, rendering it a potential platform to employ stochastic model predictive control in CCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extension of the food industrial chain increases the overall food safety risk, and such changes in risk level are related to the behavior of enterprises along the chain. The selection of behavior strategies by enterprises is not only affected by the behaviors of upstream and downstream enterprises, but is also related to external supervision by the government and society. Based on a social co-governance framework, this paper establishes a tripartite evolutionary game model that includes suppliers of raw materials, producers, and sellers. In light of the number of risk links in the food supply chain, all equilibrium points are classified into four risk situations, namely zero-link risk, single-link risk, double-link risk, or tri-link risk, to determine the conditions for their stability and verified using Matlab numerical simulation. The results show that the co-governance among the market, government, and society (consumers) is operating at a high-level state under the situation of zero-link risks in the food supply chain. It functions at a mid-level state under the situation of single-link risks and at a low-level state under the situations of double-link and tri-link risks. The risk level is only related to the level of social co-governance. The initial intention of any of the behavior subjects was not found to be a determining factor in terms of risk degree. Therefore, in order to prevent risks from occurring in all supply chain links concurrently, it is necessary to optimize the composition structure of the multi-supervision force of the government, market, society, and other stakeholders to achieve a multiplier effect in food safety risk control. This may provide insights for developing countries exploring the social co-governance of food safety risks. • Building a three-way evolutionary game model for suppliers, manufacturers and dealers. • The degree of risk in the food supply chain is related to the level of social co-governance. • According to the number of supply chain risk links, there are four scenarios: zero-link risk, single-link risk, double-link risk, or tri-link risk. • Numerical simulation using MATLAB software is used to verify the stability conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Single-layer three-dimensional structured illumination microscope (SL3D-SIM) can achieve fast continuous imaging of living cells at certain depth. • The reconstruction algorithms for SL3D-SIM were mostly constructed on the Wiener-SIM framework which is complex and time-consuming. • Joint space-frequency reconstruction (JSFR) framework establishes a fast reconstruction method for SL3D-SIM. • A 90 times improvement of the reconstruction speed to that of the conventional method. Although three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D-SIM) that enhances the spatial resolution of widefield microscope in three dimensions has been successfully commercialized as a variety of products, the low imaging speed impedes its application in fast subcellular dynamics. To adapt to fast dynamics, most 3D-SIM setups provide an option for the users by canceling the axial scanning during the acquisition, by which two-dimensional optically-sectioned, super-resolved (OS-SR) time series can be obtained with single-layer 3D-SIM data. However, the conventional reconstruction workflow implemented in the frequency domain generally takes seconds for every single reconstruction, which nullifies real-time feedback for these 3D-SIM setups. In this paper, we establish a fast single-layer reconstruction approach for 3D-SIM by extending a high-speed reconstruction framework, joint space-frequency reconstruction (JSFR), to single-layer 3D-SIM. Consequently, the reconstruction speed is improved over the conventional method, without compromising the image quality. This approach is expected to provide a useful tool for 3D-SIM microscope manufacturers and their users to achieve real-time, single-layer imaging of living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous designs of conventional aerodynamic lens have been widely used to focus large nanoparticles. It is a big challenge to focus small sub-10 nm nanoparticles. The focusing of small nanoparticle is controlled by two factors: high diffusivity and low inertia. Here, we made some modification for the aerodynamic lens system designed by Wang et al. (Aerosol Sci Technol 39:624, 1). The capability of focusing sub-10 nm nanoparticles was evaluated by the computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT. From numerical simulations of size-resolved particle trajectories, it was found that most of the small nanoparticles lost to the wall by diffusion. The effect of Brownian diffusion on the particle extraction from lens system is investigated. Simulations have shown that the Brownian diffusion perturbs the trajectories of nanoparticles that are dictated by the carrier gas and increase the probability of nanoparticle deposition on the wall. The effect of lens system geometry on the nanoparticles is also investigated. The results of simulation showed that the geometry of lens system affected the beam diameter and the transmission efficiency of nanoparticle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yb 3+ and Tb 3+ singly doped and Tb 3+ –Yb 3+ co-doped Ca 5 (BO 3 ) 3 F phosphors were prepared by a solid state reaction method. The luminescence emission and excitation spectra as well as the luminescence decay curves were investigated. The emission bands of Yb 3+ ion are located around 1000 nm, matching well with the optimal response of Si-based solar cells. Tb 3+ can be a sensitizer for Yb 3+ in the host. The energy transfer from Tb 3+ to Yb 3+ was investigated, the energy transfer mechanism was proposed as cooperative energy transfer. Tb 3+ concentration dependent quantum efficiency was calculated and the maximum efficiency approached 115.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Colonic perforation is a life-threatening complication after colonic stent insertion as a bridge to surgery for acute obstruction caused by colorectal cancer. The oncological consequence of colonic perforation after emergent surgical intervention was unknown. The aim of this short communication was to investigate whether or not the perforation and emergent surgery had obviously impact on the peritoneal recurrence and long-term survival of patients. Methods: Data of the patients who underwent colorectal stenting as a bridge to surgery in 5 years from 2012 to 2017 was collected by the Endoscopical Surgery Group of Hubei. The perforated cases treated by emergent operation were retrospectively analyzed. Results: During 5 years from 2012 to 2017, 116 cases of colorectal stenting as a bridge to surgery had been performed, and 7 patients had perforation after stent placement and treated by emergent surgery, including 1 case of synchronic liver metastasis treated by one-stage metastasectomy. One of the 7 patients died of septic shock after operation, and the remaining patients were followed up for 6–60 months. There was no evidence of abdominal implantation or extra-abdominal metastasis. Conclusion: This small case series implicated that colonic perforation after stent insertion for malignant colorectal obstruction treated by emergent surgery might not obviously increase the peritoneal implantation and metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water-soluble carbon dots (CDs) have been successfully synthesized by green-one-pot hydrothermal method. The CDs with small particle size exhibit fairly good water solubility, tunable photoluminescence, up-converted photoluminescence, and low toxicity. What is more, the as-prepared CDs were successfully applied in the field of cell image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the seasonal heterogeneity of land surface temperature (LST) and the interaction relationship between potential drivers in Sichuan Basin, China. In this study, based on exploring the spatial heterogeneity of LST in Sichuan Basin, China, multi-source remote sensing data as potential drivers were selected and a Geo-detector model was applied to analyze the main drivers and the interactive relationship between drivers on LST during different seasons. The results showed that the high-temperature areas in Sichuan Basin in different seasons all appeared in the cities near the high mountains on the edge of the basin. This phenomenon was summarized as "sinking heat island" by us. From the driving factors, the biophysical parameters (DEM, SLOPE and NDVI) had the greatest impact on LST in each season, reaching the peak in the transition season. The climate parameters (WIND, HUM, PRE and TEM) and socioeconomic parameters (LIGHT, POP and ROAD) also had a certain impact on LST. The influence of a single landscape parameter (SHDI, PD, LPI, ED and LSI) on LST is limited. From the effect of factor interaction on LST, the interaction of biophysical parameters, climatic parameters and landscape parameters from summer to the transitional season was strengthened obviously, and it showed a downward trend in the winter; in contrast, the socioeconomic parameters showed the opposite characteristics, indicating that the interaction between human activities and other factors affected LST more obviously in the winter. The results of this study are not only valuable for understanding the spatial features of LST but also important for formulating mitigation strategies and sustainable development of urban heat island in Sichuan Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the dynamic event-triggered predictive control problem of interval type-2 (IT2) fuzzy systems with imperfect premise matching. First, an IT2 fuzzy systems model is proposed, including a dynamic event-triggered mechanism, which can save limited network resources by reducing the number of data packets transmitted, and a predictive controller, which can predict the state of the system between the two successful transmitted instants to deal with unreliable communication networks. Then, according to the Lyapunov stability theory and imperfect premise matching method, sufficient conditions for system stabilization and the controller gain are obtained. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by the numerical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the problem of adaptive event-triggered synchronization for uncertain FNNs subject to double deception attacks and time-varying delay. During network transmission, a practical deception attack phenomenon in FNNs should be considered; that is, we investigated the situation in which the attack occurs via both communication channels, from S-C and from C-A simultaneously, rather than considering only one, as in many papers; and the double attacks are described by high-level Markov processes rather than simple random variables. To further reduce network load, an advanced AETS with an adaptive threshold coefficient was first used in FNNs to deal with deception attacks. Moreover, given the engineering background, uncertain parameters and time-varying delay were also considered, and a feedback control scheme was adopted. Based on the above, a unique closed-loop synchronization error system was constructed. Sufficient conditions that guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system are ensured by the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional method. Finally, a numerical example is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The liquid behavior of molten In, Sn and In–20 wt.% Sn were investigated using viscometry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Normally, viscosity exponentially decreases with increasing temperature. Anomalous transition points however, were observed in our measurements of viscosity in the In–Sn system space. DSC measurements of a In–20 wt.% Sn alloy revealed peaks corresponding to the anomalous transition points on the viscosity–temperature curves. Viscous activation energy, the flow units of these melts and their structural features were analyzed in this paper. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Social Media Big Data (SMBD) is widely used to serve the economic and social development of human beings. However, as a young research and practice field, the understanding of SMBD in academia is not enough and needs to be supplemented. This paper took Web of Science (WoS) core collection as the data source, and used traditional statistical methods and CiteSpace software to carry out the scientometrics analysis of SMBD, which showed the research status, hotspots and trends in this field. The results showed that: (1) More and more attention has been paid to SMBD research in academia, and the number of journals published has been increased in recent years, mainly in subjects such as Computer Science Engineering and Telecommunications. The results were published primarily in IEEE Access Sustainability and Future Generation Computer Systems the International Journal of eScience and so on; (2) In terms of contributions, China, the United States, the United Kingdom and other countries (regions) have published the most papers in SMBD, high-yield institutions also mainly from these countries (regions). There were already some excellent teams in the field, such as the Wanggen Wan team at Shanghai University and Haoran Xie team from City University of Hong Kong; (3) we studied the hotspots of SMBD in recent years, and realized the summary of the frontier of SMBD based on the keywords and co-citation literature, including the deep excavation and construction of social media technology, the reflection and concerns about the rapid development of social media, and the role of SMBD in solving human social development problems. These studies could provide values and references for SMBD researchers to understand the research status, hotspots and trends in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have good biocompatibility, high luminescence, and low photobleaching properties, which make them promising alternatives to fluorescent dyes for cell imaging. However, most of the reported GQDs lack targeted selectivity that limits their applications in biomedicine. To overcome the drawback, novel GQDs modified with polyethyleneimine (PEI) or (3-carboxyl) phenyl bromide phosphine (TPP) were originally synthesized via a facile, low-cost, environmentally friendly, and large-scale preparation method. The GQDs-PEI was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process, and then TPP was conjugated to the GQDs-PEI via the amide linkage. The physicochemical, optical, biocompatible, and targeted imaging properties were evaluated systematically. The results indicated that the average sizes of the as-produced GQDs-PEI and GQDs-TPP were 3.75 and 3.25 nm, respectively. More significantly, the two composites had excellent optical property, low cytotoxicity and selective targeting and imaging properties for cell nucleus or mitochondria, suggesting their promising applications as the cell nucleus imaging or mitochondria imaging in vivo and in vitro for diagnosis and therapy of some related diseases. • GQDs were originally synthesized via a facile, low-cost, and large-scale method. • The synthesized GQDs had excellent optical property and low cytotoxicity. • The synthesized GQDs can selectively target and image the nucleus and mitochondria. • The imaging properties of GQDs were comparable to the commercial fluorescent dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]