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Objective To investigate the clinical effect of cerebral vascular disease treated by transplantations of the short⁃segment radial artery (RA) using the internal maxillary artery (IMA) as the feeding artery. Methods and Results The clinical data of 5 cases with cerebral vascular disease treated by IMA⁃RA⁃cerebral artery bypass (IMAB) from August 2018 to April 2021 in the First Hospital of China Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. There were 3 cases of dissecting aneurysms [one case of right middle cerebral artery (MCA) M2 segment, one case of left MCA M1 segment, one case of right posterior cerebral artery (PCA) P2 segment], and 2 cases of vertebral basilar artery ischemia [one case of bilateral vertebral artery (VA) occlusion, one case of severe basilar artery (BA) stenosis]. Two patients underwent the IMA⁃RA⁃M2 bypass, and 3 patients underwent the IMA⁃RA⁃P2 bypass. Intraoperative indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and Doppler ultrasonography confirmed patency of the RA in 4 cases and occluded RA in one case (the anastomosis of IMA⁃RA was opened, the intima of IMA was dissociated from the media, and RA was unobstructed after resuture). One patient developed basal ganglia infarction after the surgery. The RA blood flow was measured by ultrasound 123, 51, 77, 69 ml/min in 4 patients at one week after the surgery. One patient had a RA blood flow of 89 ml/min on 6 months after the surgery (69 ml/min on one week after the surgery), and one patient had a RA blood flow of 66 ml/min 26 months after the surgery (51 ml/min on one week after the surgery). One patient with dissociated M1 segment aneurysm with ischemic onset developed ischemic infarction in basal ganglia region after open aneurysm and bypass, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) increased by one point on one week after surgery. mRS score of 3 patients decreased by one point and one patient had no change; after 8-40 months of follow⁃up, all patients recovered well, with mRS score of 0 in 2 cases, one in 2 cases, and 2 in one case. Conclusions The IMAB can provide moderate flow of blood supply to brain tissue, and the RA has good patency and stable flow during long⁃term follow⁃up. This operation can be used to treat patients with cerebral vascular disease of choosy and reduce the risk of cerebral ischemia effectively.

Summary: Gene expression is regulated at multiple levels, including RNA processing and DNA methylation/demethylation. How these regulations are controlled remains unclear.Here, through analysis of a suppressor for the OsEIN2 over‐expressor, we identified an RNA recognition motif protein SUPPRESSOR OF EIN2 (SOE). SOE is localized in nuclear speckles and interacts with several components of the spliceosome. We find SOE associates with hundreds of targets and directly binds to a DNA glycosylase gene DNG701 pre‐mRNA for efficient splicing and stabilization, allowing for subsequent DNG701‐mediated DNA demethylation of the transgene promoter for proper gene expression. The V81M substitution in the suppressor mutant protein mSOE impaired its protein stability and binding activity to DNG701 pre‐mRNA, leading to transgene silencing.SOE mutation enhances grain size and yield. Haplotype analysis in c. 3000 rice accessions reveals that the haplotype 1 (Hap 1) promoter is associated with high 1000‐grain weight, and most of the japonica accessions, but not indica ones, have the Hap 1 elite allele.Our study discovers a novel mechanism for the regulation of gene expression and provides an elite allele for the promotion of yield potentials in rice. See also the Commentary on this article by Bazin & Crespi, 243: 1631–1632. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Bypass surgery for moyamoya disease (MMD) mainly used the middle cerebral artery (MCA) as the recipient artery. There is a high risk of ischemia in the blood supply area of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) during the perioperative period and follow ‐ up period. This study compared and analyzed the efficacy of superficial temporal artery (STA)‐ACA and STA‐MCA double barrel bypass and STA‐MCA double barrel bypass in the treatment of MMD. Methods In total 41 hemispheres of 32 ACA territory ischemic MMD patients were treated from January 2017 to December 2020 in The First Hospital of China Medical University. Separately performed STA‐ACA and STA‐MCA double barrel bypass and encephalo‐myo‐synangiosis (EMS; ACA group, 10 hemispheres of 10 patients) and STA‐MCA double barrel bypass and EMS (MCA group, 31 hemispheres of 25 patients). Compared and analyzed STA blood flow [including cut flow (CF), blood flow and cut flow index (CFI)], bypass vascular patency, cerebral perfusion [including the relative value of mean transit time (MTT), time to peak (TTP), cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV)], neurological prognosis [modified Rankin Scale (mRS)], and the cerebral ischemia and intracranial hemorrhage morbidity and mortality in perioperative period and follow‐up period. Results Thirty‐two patients successfully completed 41 hemisphere operations. Intraoperative STA CF value of ACA group was significantly lower than MCA group [24.00 (15.38, 53.00) ml/min vs. 47 (36, 70) ml/min; Z = ‐ 2.547, P = 0.011]. CFI of STA one week after operation of ACA group was significantly greater than MCA group [3.57 (1.66, 4.66) vs. 1.30 (0.75, 1.70); Z = ‐ 2.357, P = 0.018]. No statistical significance between 2 groups in STA blood flow one week after operation [82.00 (62.50, 103.00) ml/min vs. 75.00 (27.90, 104.50) ml/min; Z = ‐ 0.221, P = 0.825]. The ACA group anastomotic patency rate was 12/12 and the MCA group was 81.58% (31/38), the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 = 1.268, P = 0.260). Bilateral frontal ischemia was observed in one hemisphere operation (1/10) in ACA group at perioperative period. Frontal ischemia was observed in 4 hemisphere operations (12.90%) and hemorrhagic temporal occipital infarction was observed in one hemisphere operation (3.23%) in MCA group at perioperative period. There was no statistically significant difference in the morbidity between 2 groups (Fisher exact probability: P = 1.000). No cerebral ischemia, intracranial hemorrhage and death occurred in ACA group, and surgical side frontal ischemia was observed in one hemisphere operation one year after operation in MCA group. There was no statistically significant difference in the morbidity between 2 groups (Fisher exact probability: P = 1.000). ACA group improved in 6 hemisphere operations (6/10), no changed in 3 hemisphere operations (3/10), deteriorated in one hemisphere operation (1/10). MCA group improved in 10 hemisphere operations (32.26%), no changed in 17 hemisphere operations (54.84%), deteriorated in 4 hemisphere operations (12.90%). There was no statistically significant difference between 2 groups (Z = ‐ 1.355, P = 0.223). Conclusions The STA‐ACA and STA‐MCA double barrel bypass in the treatment of ACA territory ischemic MMD patients can obtain good anastomotic patency rate and satisfactory long‐term efficacy. Compared with the STA‐MCA double barrel bypass, this surgery can obtain higher STA CFI, while long‐term outcomes of patients were the same.

Good knowledge management is important for enterprises to maintain competitive advantage; however, the knowledge hiding behavior may hinder this process. Based on the conservation of resources and psychological ownership theories, using a chain intermediary model, this study investigates the effect of justice sensitivity on knowledge hiding through perceived time pressure and territoriality, and further tests the moderating role of territoriality. For the study, we collected 436 questionnaires from China through the Wenjuanxing Sample Service, of which 391 were valid. We then conducted multiple regression analysis and employed the bootstrap method for our tests. The results show that victim sensitivity has a significant effect on perceived time pressure, territoriality, and knowledge hiding, and that a chain mediating effect of perceived time pressure and territoriality is established between justice sensitivity and knowledge hiding. Further, territoriality has a positive moderating effect on perceived time pressure and knowledge hiding, while the mediating effect of perceived time pressure on justice sensitivity and knowledge hiding is also moderated by territoriality. Further, the study offers important practical implications in that enterprises should not blindly pursue results by making employees work excessively overtime. And there should have rationalized regulations in organization to ensure justice. The management should pay close attention to the psychological problems of victim and perpetrator. Instead, enterprises should have a certain degree of control, offer rationales for overtime work, and give high wages to the employees to compensate for their time, thus making the employees feel the worthiness of their overtime work and reducing the probability of engaging in knowledge hiding behaviors.